8. Flexibility factors :
Extent flexibility Dynamic flexibility
Other factors
Body coordination Balance Stamina
9. Biographical characteristics
Age
• Most of us belief that job performance declines with age
• The older you get the less likely you quit your job
• Age is inversely related to absenteeism
10. Gender
• Women perform as well as on job as men do
• Women have higher rate of absenteeism then men
• Women are likely to perform double duties
• There is no differences in male and female regarding problem
solving, competitive drive, motivation, stability or learning ability
11. Race
• People in organization may favor employees of their own race
• On the basis of race people some times got lower ratings in
interview, paid less and promoted less frequently
12. Social group
• Percentage of seats are reserved for individuals to specified
categories
• Preference is given according to person’s caste and tribes
• religion and domicile are also taken in consideration.
13. Other biographical characteristics
Tenure
• It is expressed as work experience and predict employy
productivity
• It explains turnover
• The longer a person is in a job the less likely he or she will
quit
14. Religion
• Religion is a touchy subject
• Often people of different religious faiths conflicts
• In some countries law prohibits employers from
discriminating against employers based on their religion
Sexual orientation and
gender identity
• Dealing with transgender employees requires some special
consideration
• Many employers practice don’t ask don’t tell military policy
15. Learning
“Learning is any relatively permanent change in behavior occurs as a
result of experience”
Direct experience
• Something affect you directly
• You gone through with any pleasant or unfavorable situation
Indirect experience
• When you are not the direct victim
• Someone else gone through with any unfavorable or pleasant
situation and you learn from them
17. Operant conditioning
“A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary
behavior leads to reward or prevents a punishment”
18. Classical conditioning
“A type of conditioning in which an individual responds
to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce
such response”
19. Social learning
“Learning from observation and direct experience”
Four processes of social learning are;
• Attentional processes
• Retention process
• Motor reproduction processes
• Reinforcement processes
20. Attentional process
• We attract to those models that are attractive and repeatedly
available and important to us
Retention process
• Influence depends on how well we remember model’s action
21. Motor reproduction processes
• The watching must be converted into doing
• Individual can perform the modeled activity
Reinforcement processes
• Exhibition of modeled behavior on incentives or reward
22. Methods of shaping behavior
Positive reinforcement
• Response with something pleasant
Negative reinforcement
• response with something unpleasant
23. Punishment
• Unpleasant condition an attempt to eliminate an undesirable
behavior
Extinction
• When the behavior is not reinforced it tends to be gradually
extinguished