1. ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
The Role of Jordan Television in Serving the Local
Community
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
−2008

2. ‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬.......................... :
‫א‬............................:
Authorization Form
I, Sultan Fares Saleem Abu Hasasan, authorize the Middle East
University for Graduate studies, to provide copies of my dissertation to
libraries or Institutions or individuals on request.
Signature:……………………..
Date:…………………………..

3. ‫ج‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬

4. ‫د‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬........
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
..............، ، ‫א‬
......‫א‬.....
‫א‬
....‫א‬....‫א‬.....
،.........‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬...........‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

5. ‫ﻩ‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬ ، ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬:
‫א‬.
، ، ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

6. ‫و‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬21 - 1
‫א‬1
1-1‫א‬ ‫א‬3
2-1‫א‬ ‫א‬4
3-1‫א‬ ‫א‬4
4-1‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬5
5-1‫א‬ ‫א‬5
6-1‫א‬‫א‬6
7-1‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬8
8-1‫א‬ ‫א‬12
9-1‫א‬15
10-1‫א‬ ‫א‬15
11-1‫א‬ ‫א‬16
12-1‫א‬ ‫א‬18
13-1‫א‬18
14-1‫א‬ ‫א‬19
15-1‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬19
16-1‫א‬19
17-1‫א‬20

7. ‫ز‬
‫א‬‫א‬
18-1‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬20
‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬45 - 22
‫א‬22
1-2‫א‬23
2-2‫א‬25
3-2‫א‬30
4-2‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬37
‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬57 - 46
‫א‬46
1-3‫א‬ ‫א‬47
2-3‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬51
3-3‫א‬ ‫א‬52
4-3‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬53
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬/‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬197 - 58
1-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬58
2-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬69
3-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬71
1-3-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬78
2-3-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
81
3-3-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬112
4-3-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
115
5-3-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
148
3-4−6‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
149
44-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬187

8. ‫ح‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬216-197
1-5‫א‬ ‫א‬198
2-5‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.
202
3-5‫א‬ ‫א‬207
4-5‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬209
5-5‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬212
‫א‬214
‫א‬ ‫א‬217
‫א‬ ‫א‬224
‫א‬228
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬229
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬229
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬230
‫א‬231

9. ‫ط‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬200616
2‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬200617
3‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬200617
4‫א‬ ‫א‬18
5‫א‬ ‫א‬58
6‫א‬ ‫א‬59
7‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬61
8‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬63
9‫א‬‫א‬65
10‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬66
11‫א‬ ‫א‬67
12‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬68
13‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬69
14‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)(70
15‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬71
16‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬73
17‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬74
18‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬76
19‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬78
20‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬81
21‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬82
22‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬84
23‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬85
24‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬87
25‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬88
26‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬89
27‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬(91
28‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬92
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

10. ‫ي‬
29‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬93
30‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬95
31‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬96
32‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬97
33‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬99
34‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬100
35‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬101
36‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬103
37‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬104
38‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬105
39‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬107
40‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬108
41‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬109
42‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬110
43‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬112
44‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬115
45‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬116
46‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬118
47‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬119
48‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬121
49‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬/‫א‬ ‫א‬122
50‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬124
51‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬125
52‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬127
53‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬128
54‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬130
55‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬131
56‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬132
57‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬134
58‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬135
59‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬136

11. ‫ك‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
60‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬138
61‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬139
62‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬140
63‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬142
64‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬143
65‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬144
66‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬146
67‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
148
68‫א‬)1:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬149
69‫א‬)2:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.150
70‫א‬)3: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
151
71‫א‬)4: (‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.
152
72‫א‬)5: (، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.
153
73‫א‬)6: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
154
74‫א‬)7: (، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
155
75‫א‬)8:(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
156
76‫א‬)9: (‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
157
77‫א‬)10:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
158
78‫א‬)11:(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.
159

12. ‫ل‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
96‫א‬)29:(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
177
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
79‫א‬)12:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.160
80‫א‬)13:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.161
81‫א‬)14:(‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.162
82‫א‬)15:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.163
83‫א‬)16:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.164
84‫א‬)17:(‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.
165
85‫א‬)18:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
166
86‫א‬)19:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
167
87‫א‬)20: (‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.168
88‫א‬)21:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
169
89‫א‬)22:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
170
90‫א‬)23:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
171
91‫א‬)24:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
172
92‫א‬)25:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
173
93‫א‬)26:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
174
94‫א‬)27:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.175
95‫א‬)28:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
176

13. ‫م‬
97‫א‬)30: (‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
178
98‫א‬)31: (، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
179
99‫א‬)32: (‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.
180
100‫א‬)33: (، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
181
101‫א‬)34: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
182
102‫א‬)35: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
183
103‫א‬)36: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
184
104‫א‬)37: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
185
105‫א‬)38: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
186
106‫א‬ ‫א‬187
107‫א‬ ‫א‬188
108‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬190
109‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬191
110‫א‬ ‫א‬193
111‫א‬ ‫א‬194
112‫א‬ ‫א‬195
113‫א‬208

14. ‫ن‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
1‫א‬ ‫א‬58
2‫א‬ ‫א‬60
3‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬62
4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬64
5‫א‬‫א‬65
6‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬66
7‫א‬ ‫א‬68
8‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬69
9‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬70
10‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)(71
11‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬72
12‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬74
13‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬75
14‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬77
15‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬80
16‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬114
17‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬148
18‫א‬)1:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬149
19‫א‬)2:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.150
20‫א‬)3: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
.
151
21‫א‬)4: (‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.
152
22‫א‬)5: (‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.
153

15. ‫س‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
23‫א‬)6: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
154
24‫א‬)7: (، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
155
25‫א‬)8:(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.
156
26‫א‬)9: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
157
27‫א‬)10:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.158
28‫א‬)11:(‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
159
29‫א‬)12:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.160
30‫א‬)13:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.161
31‫א‬)14:(‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.162
32‫א‬)15:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.163
33‫א‬)16:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.164
34‫א‬)17:(‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.
165
35‫א‬)18:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
166
36‫א‬)19:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
167
37‫א‬)20: (‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.168
38‫א‬)21:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
169

16. ‫ع‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
39‫א‬)22:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
170
40‫א‬)23:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
171
41‫א‬)24:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
172
42‫א‬)25:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
173
43‫א‬)26:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
174
44‫א‬)27:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.175
45‫א‬)28:(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
176
46‫א‬)29:(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
177
47‫א‬)30: (‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
178
48‫א‬)31: (، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
179
49‫א‬)32: (‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
180
50‫א‬)33: (، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
181
51‫א‬)34: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
182
52‫א‬)35: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
183

17. ‫ف‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
53‫א‬)36: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
184
54‫א‬)37: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
185
55‫א‬)38: (‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.186
56‫א‬ ‫א‬187
57‫א‬ ‫א‬189
58‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬191
59‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬192
60‫א‬ ‫א‬193
61‫א‬ ‫א‬194
62‫א‬ ‫א‬196

18. ‫ص‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
1‫א‬−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬231

19. ‫ق‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
"‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬"
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.
700‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
28%‫א‬196‫א‬ ،63%‫א‬441‫א‬ ،
9%‫א‬63.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬69.6%.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،30.4%،

20. ‫ر‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬487
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬700‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬487‫א‬
‫א‬100%، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬213‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬30.8%، ،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬10.3%، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬58.1%‫א‬ ،0.8%‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

21. ‫ش‬
Abstract
"The Role of Jordan Television in Serving the Local
Community"
This study aims at identifying the role of Jordan Television in
serving the local community, targeted at Jordan Television viewers in the
local community, and their opinion concerning the role of Jordan
Television in providing information, news, whether, political, economic,
social, cultural, etc. and to find out the viewership levels and tastes, based
on different age groups.
The importance of this study emerges from the significance of
Jordan Television's role, as the official TV station presenting a variety of
programs with strong relevance to the local citizen's affairs and concerns.
A stratified random sample has been selected, to cover the
country's whole population, in three regions by distributing 700
questionnaires as follows: 196 questionnaires = 28% in the north, 441 =
63% in the middle and 63 = 9% in the south.
The outcome of this study was as follows: 69.6% watching
different types of programs on Jordan Television, while the remaining
30.4% did not watch Jordan Television at all.
On the other hand, 30.8% agreed that Jordan Television addresses
their problems and concerns, where as the opinion of 10.3% was that
Jordan Television did not address their problems and concerns, while the
remaining 58.1% viewers noted that Jordan Television does sometimes

22. ‫ت‬
address their problems and concerns. And there are 0.8%.viewers did not
answer the question.
The study revealed also that the informative role played by Jordan
Television in broadcasting local news and events, and showed that news
programs and news bulletins occupied a leading position among Jordan
Television's programs.

23. 1
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.
)،1999(
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
(Dominico, 1997)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،

24. 2
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬، ‫א‬2005(
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬.
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬.)،1993(
‫א‬، ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬.)،2007(
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬:
-‫א‬‫א‬.

25. 3
-‫א‬‫א‬.
-‫א‬‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
1-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

26. 4
2-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،:
1−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬
2−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
3−‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
4−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؟‬
5−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬ ‫א‬
3-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
−‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

27. 5
4-1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
-‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
5-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬–−‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،، ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.

28. 6
6-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ،، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬) .،2006(
"،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
").،2006(
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬) .، ‫א‬2003(
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،.

29. 7
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬)‫א‬ ‫א‬(‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.)،1999(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.

30. 8
7-1‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬:
‫א‬)1995(‫א‬)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬(،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.
‫א‬‫א‬)2002(‫א‬)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬(،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

31. 9
‫א‬ ‫א‬)2002(‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬. (‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
‫א‬)Barry A.Hollander()2005(‫א‬)‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬(‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬:
‫א‬‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.

32. 10
(Moniek Buijzen and Patti Valkenberg)
)2005(‫א‬‫א‬)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(,‫א‬، ‫א‬427‫א‬12-8
‫א‬)‫א‬‫א‬(،‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬‫א‬)2006(‫א‬)‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬.(16.3%)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
(16.7%)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(16.8%)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،(26.3%)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.

33. 11
‫א‬)2006(‫א‬)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬. (
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬)2006(‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬
(9-6)‫א‬.، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)( 2007‫א‬)‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(،)2008(،
(43.7%)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬:
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.

34. 12
-‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
8-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
−‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)، ‫א‬1999(
−‫א‬)‫א‬:(‫א‬Tele‫א‬،‫א‬Vision
، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.)،1993(
−‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)
،2007(
−‫א‬:، ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)، ‫א‬1999(
−‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬

35. 13
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
،،‫א‬‫א‬ ،
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬.)، ‫א‬1996(
−‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.)‫א‬ ‫א‬(
−‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬)‫א‬(، ‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬‫א‬،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬.
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬27/1/2005‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬.)‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬(

36. 14
−‫א‬‫א‬:، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،،
‫א‬.‫א‬1968‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬1967،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬.)،2007(
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،
، ‫א‬1972(
-‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬) .، ‫א‬ ،1972(

37. 15
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
9-1‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
)‫א‬،1993(
، ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،،،‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
) .، ‫א‬ ‫א‬2007(

38. 16
10-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
،:
-:‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
11-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬2006:
(1)
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬2006
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
Population
Administrative Divisions
996800Irbid Governorate
‫א‬263200Mafraq Governorate
168000Jarash Governorate
128800Ajlun Governorate
‫א‬:1. 556. 800

39. 17
(2)
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬2006
(3)
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬2006
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Population
Administrative Divisions
‫א‬218400Karak Governorate
‫א‬78400Tafiela Governorate
106400Ma'an Governorate
‫א‬117600Aqaba Governorate
‫א‬:520 . 800
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Population
Administrative Divisions
‫א‬2172800Amman Governorate
‫א‬375200Balqa Governorate
‫א‬834400Zarqa Governorate
140000Madaba Governorate
‫א‬:3 . 522. 400

40. 18
12-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.
13-1‫א‬
700‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬28%‫א‬196،‫א‬63%‫א‬
441،‫א‬9%‫א‬63‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
:
(4)
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬700‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬1. 556. 80028% = 5600.000 / 1. 556. 800196 = 28% X 700
‫א‬3 . 522.40063% = 5600.000 / 3 . 522.400441 = 63% X 700
‫א‬520.8009% = 5600.000 / 520.80063 = 9% X 700
‫א‬‫א‬5.600.000‫א‬ ‫א‬=100.0%700

41. 19
14-1‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
15-1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(T.Retest)‫א‬(30)‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
α=92,88%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،60%.
)(Sakaran,1984
16-1‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.

42. 20
17-1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬)SPSS(‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬،، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
18 -1‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
−‫א‬ ‫א‬2008،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
−، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.

43. 21
-، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

44. 22
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬.‫א‬‫؛‬
‫א‬ ،،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،)‫א‬
(‫א‬) .، ‫א‬2003(
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
).،1999(
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

45. 23
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬) .، ‫א‬2003(
1-2‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬) .،1986(
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬) .،1994(
)‫א‬(‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬) .،1986(

46. 24
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.‫א‬
:‫א‬Tele‫א‬ ‫א‬Vision، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.
)،1993(
‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
).،1991(
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬.)، ‫א‬1965(

47. 25
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬)(،‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬1884‫א‬‫א‬)(‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬) .‫א‬ ‫א‬(
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬)(1926، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.1930‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬). ()
،1990(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬1936،1945‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬).،1991(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،2002(.
2-2‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،، ‫א‬

48. 26
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬.(Dominico, 1997)
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،،
:‫א‬،،
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬.
)، ‫א‬1988(
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬.)‫א‬ ‫א‬(
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،

49. 27
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬).،1986(
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬":‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬."‫א‬
.)،2002(
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬:
-‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
.)، ‫א‬1965(
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

50. 28
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬ ‫א‬(
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬35%‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬55%.‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،.)،1990(
−‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)، ‫א‬1984(

51. 29
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬،
،‫א‬،‫א‬:
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)‫א‬،1965(
−‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،2002(
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،، ‫א‬

52. 30
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،2003(
3-2‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.)، ‫א‬2004(
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:
−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،

53. 31
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬) .، ‫א‬2004(
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،1996(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،2002(
−‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬.)،2002(

54. 32
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬).‫א‬ ‫א‬(
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
)، ‫א‬1995(
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.‫א‬)(‫א‬ ‫א‬:
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.(1996,
Defleur & Dennis)
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

55. 33
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬).، ‫א‬
2004(
‫א‬:‫א‬،،
، ،،.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
) .، ‫א‬2003(
−‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،2002(
‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬) .، ‫א‬2003(
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬

56. 34
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬.
( 1961, McQUAIL)
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬.
،‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬.)، ‫א‬2004(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬

57. 35
‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬).،2003(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬).‫א‬ ‫א‬(
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،، ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.)،2003(
−‫א‬

58. 36
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،1999(
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،) .،1995(
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬

59. 37
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،،
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.)،1991(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
(Gamble & W.Gamble,1989)
4-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬.
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
(Gamble & W.Gamble, 1989)

60. 38
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
.،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)‫א‬ ‫א‬(‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬:
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.
)،2002(
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.،،

61. 39
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
)،2002(
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬،،
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
.)‫א‬،1998(
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،1990(
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.

62. 40
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬).،1992(
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
،،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،.
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)، ‫א‬1998(
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،

63. 41
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬،.)‫א‬ ‫א‬(
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬.)،1999(

64. 42
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،.
)،2002(
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،1985(
،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،.
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ،،
، ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

65. 43
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،1979(
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)، ‫א‬1997(
‫א‬ ‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬).،2002(
"‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ، ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬."‫א‬.)،1986(
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬)
‫א‬(‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬

66. 44
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬.)،2002(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،1991(
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬.
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬).،1979(
‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬.

67. 45
،‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬(‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫؛‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

68. 46
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬.(Hafez, 1990)
‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬−
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬(‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

69. 47
‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.
)، ‫א‬2007(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬) .، ‫א‬ ‫א‬2007(
1-3‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬1964‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

70. 48
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬.)،2007(
111964‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)، ‫א‬1986(:
-،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
-‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.
-‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.1965،‫א‬)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

71. 49
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.
)،2007(
،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬1966‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)، ‫א‬1986(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
)‫א‬ ‫א‬(

72. 50
111966‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.
1968‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬171968‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:
)‫א‬ ‫א‬3(.)،2007(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬1968‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1968.)، ‫א‬1986(
1974‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬1975‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.)
،2007(

73. 51
2-3‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
"‫א‬1985‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬:
-‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
1989‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬80%‫א‬90%
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬42".
)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬(
"1988‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬)‫א‬‫א‬(‫א‬‫א‬.

74. 52
1990‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،)‫א‬(،
‫א‬.1993‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬1998‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬2001، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬:
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬")‫א‬ ‫א‬(
"‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،".
)‫א‬ ‫א‬(
3-3‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬.‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬) .،2007(

75. 53
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬.)، ‫א‬1986(
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬.‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.)‫א‬ ‫א‬(
4-3‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:
-‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬ ‫א‬(.

76. 54
-‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬ ‫א‬(.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬(.
-‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬
"‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬2001‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬".)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬:
-"‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

77. 55
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬.
) :(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬:)(‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.
-:)(، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-:)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬‫א‬(‫؛‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ،.

78. 56
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬،‫א‬
.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬::‫א‬،‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬:‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.")‫א‬‫א‬(
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬

79. 57
، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
) .،2007(
-‫א‬ ‫א‬
"‫א‬ ‫א‬2001‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬".)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬(
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
"‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬2001،
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،.")‫א‬ ‫א‬(
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
"‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬1993‫א‬ ،
‫א‬2‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬".)‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬(

80. 58
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬:
1-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
(5)
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬40758.1 %
‫א‬29341.9 %
‫א‬700100 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬293،41.9%‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(700)،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬407، ‫א‬
58.1%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(1)
‫א‬ ‫א‬
293
407
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
‫اﻟﺬآﻮر‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺎث‬
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬‫ﻋﺪد‬

81. 59
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
(6)
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
15–1913119. 2 %
20–2415522.7 %
25−299614.1 %
30–3410014.7 %
35−39588.5 %
40−44659.5 %
45–49345.0 %
50–54253.7 %
55–59131.9 %
6050.7 %
‫א‬68297. 4 %
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
182.6 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬700100%
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬19-15
131‫א‬19.2%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
24-20155‫א‬22.7%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
29-2596‫א‬14.1%‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
34-30100‫א‬14.7 %،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
39-3558‫א‬8.5 %،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
44-4065‫א‬9.5 %،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
49-4534‫א‬5.0 %،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
54-5025‫א‬3.7 %‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،

82. 60
59 -5513‫א‬1.9%،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬60
5‫א‬0.7%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬.‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(2)
‫א‬ ‫א‬
131
155
96
100
58
65
34
25
13
5
15- 19
20-24
25-29
30–34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60 -
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﻮات‬‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬‫أﻓﺮاد‬‫أﻋﻤﺎر‬
‫ﻓﺮد‬ 131 155 96 100 58 65 34 25 13 5
15- 19 20-24 25-29 30–34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60 -

83. 61
−‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
(7)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
81.1 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬7510.7 %
16022. 8 %
8011. 4 %
31745.3 %
233.3 %
284.0 %
‫א‬71.0 %
‫א‬69899.7%
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
20.3 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬700100.0%
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬8
‫א‬1.1%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬75‫א‬10.7%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
160‫א‬22.8%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬80‫א‬
11.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،317‫א‬45.3%،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬23‫א‬3.3%،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬28‫א‬4.0%‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

84. 62
‫א‬7‫א‬1.0%،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬0.3%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(3)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
75
160
80
317
23 278 280
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
‫ﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫أ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻗ‬‫أ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻂ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬‫م‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺑ‬‫د‬
‫س‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ر‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬
ٍ‫ل‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫م‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺑ‬‫د‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫آ‬‫د‬
‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻹ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬‫ﻋﺪد‬

85. 63
−‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
(8)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
150‫א‬13419.1 %
151–1997811. 2 %
200–24912317.6 %
250–2997010.0 %
300–349608.6 %
350–399304.3 %
400–449223.1 %
450–499375.3 %
5009213.1 %
‫א‬64692. 3%
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬547.7%
‫א‬ ‫א‬700100.0%
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬150134
‫א‬19.1%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
151–199‫א‬78‫א‬11.2%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬200–249‫א‬123‫א‬17.6%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬250–299‫א‬70‫א‬10.0%
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬300–349‫א‬،60‫א‬8.6%،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬350–399‫א‬30‫א‬
4.3%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،400–449‫א‬22‫א‬
3.1%،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬450–499‫א‬37‫א‬

86. 64
5.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬500‫א‬92‫א‬
13.1 %‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬7.7%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(4)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
134
78
123
70
60
30
22
37
92
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
150 ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬
151 – 199
200 – 249
250 – 299
300 – 349
350 – 399
400 – 449
450 – 499
500 ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أآﺜﺮ‬
‫أردﻧﻲ‬‫دﻳﻨﺎر‬
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬

87. 65
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
(9)
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
52575.0 %
13319.0 %
10.1 %
365.2 %
‫א‬69599. 3%
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬50.7%
‫א‬ ‫א‬700100.0%
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬525‫א‬
75.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬133
‫א‬19.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬0.1%
،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬36‫א‬5.2%‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
0.7%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(5)
‫א‬‫א‬
525
133
1
36 5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬‫ﻋﺪد‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮا‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

88. 66
−‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(10)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬19628.0 %
‫א‬44163.0 %
‫א‬639.0 %
‫א‬:700100%
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬196‫א‬28.5%
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬441‫א‬63.0%
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬63‫א‬9.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(6)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
196
441
63
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬ ‫إﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫إﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﻮب‬ ‫إﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬‫ﻋﺪد‬

89. 67
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
(11)
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
24334.9 %
29542.3 %
334.7 %
91.3 %
202.9 %
60.9 %
‫א‬10.1 %
192.7 %
91.3 %
243.4 %
385.5 %
‫א‬69799. 6%
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬30.4%
‫א‬700100.0%
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬243‫א‬34.9%
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬295‫א‬42.3%،
‫א‬ ‫א‬33‫א‬4.7%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
9‫א‬1.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬20‫א‬
2.9%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬60.9%،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬0.1%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬19
‫א‬2.7%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،9‫א‬1.3%،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬24‫א‬3.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬

90. 68
‫א‬ ‫א‬38‫א‬5.5%.‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬0.4%،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(7)
‫א‬ ‫א‬
243
295
33
9
20
6 1
19
9
24
38
3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬‫ﻋﺪد‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃ‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻇ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ة‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ل‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬‫أ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ي‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ع‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻼ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ر‬
‫ى‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬ُُ‫أ‬
‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬
−‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
(12)
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
38154.5 %
31044.3 %
50.7 %
10.1%
‫א‬69799. 6%
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬30.4%
‫א‬ ‫א‬700100.0%

91. 69
‫א‬ ‫א‬381‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬54.5%
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬310‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬44.3%،
5‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬0.7%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
0.1%،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
0.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(8)
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
381
310
5 1 30
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
‫أﻋﺰب‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺰوج‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫أرﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮا‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫اﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬‫ﻋﺪد‬
2-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(13)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬68698.0 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬111.6 %
‫א‬69799. 6%
‫א‬‫א‬30.4%
‫א‬ ‫א‬700100 %

92. 70
‫א‬686‫א‬‫א‬98.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬
،،11‫א‬1.6%‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬0.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(9)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
98.0%
1.6%0.40%
‫ﺰﻳﻮن‬‫ﺗﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫ﺰﻳﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺎر‬‫ﺑﺎﻹﺧﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮا‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬)(
(14)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬)(
‫א‬)(‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬)(65593. 6 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬)(446.3 %
‫א‬69999.9%
‫א‬‫א‬10.1%
‫א‬ ‫א‬700100 %

93. 71
‫א‬655‫א‬‫א‬93.6%‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬)(،،44‫א‬6.3%‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬)(،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬0.1%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(10)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬)(
0.10% 6.3%
93.6%
( ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻻﻳﺖ‬ ) ‫ﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫إﺳ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ( ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻻﻳﺖ‬ ) ‫ﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫إﺳ‬ ‫ﺎز‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺧﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬
3-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(15)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬48769.6 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬21330.4 %
‫א‬:700100 %

94. 72
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬487
69.6%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬21330.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(11)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
213
487
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
‫ﻲ‬‫اﻷردﻧ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎهﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘ‬ ‫اﻷردﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎهﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬
‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬487،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
700‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬487‫א‬ ‫א‬100%‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬213‫א‬.

95. 73
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬−487‫א‬−
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:
(16)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
18037. 0 %
19740. 5 %
7916. 2 %
102.0 %
183.7 %
‫א‬48499. 4 %
‫א‬‫א‬30.6 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬487100 %
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬180‫א‬37.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬197‫א‬
40.5%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬79‫א‬16.2%‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬10
‫א‬2.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬،

96. 74
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬10‫א‬3.7%‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬487‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬0.6%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(12)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻷردﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة‬
180
197
79
10
18
3
0 50 100 150 200 250
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺘﻴﻦ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺎت‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺎت‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫أرﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺄآﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮا‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫أﻓﺮاد‬
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
(17)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.24550.4 %
‫א‬−‫א‬−‫א‬13327.3 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬.
13327.3 %
.12826.3 %
‫א‬.10922.4 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.6713.8 %

97. 75
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬245‫א‬50.4%،
−‫א‬−‫א‬‫א‬133‫א‬27.3%،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬133‫א‬27.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬128‫א‬26.3%،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬109‫א‬
22.4%، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬67‫א‬13.8%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
:‫א‬ ‫א‬(13)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
245
133
133
128
109
67
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
‫اﻟﻮﻃﻦ‬ ‫أﺧﺒﺎر‬ ‫وﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬ -‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻀﻴﺔ‬ - ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫وﺷﺆون‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺪاث‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫هﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫آﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫وإرﺷﺎد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫آﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬

98. 76
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:
(18)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬.19540.1 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.16734.3 %
11623.9 %
‫א‬10822. 2 %
‫א‬‫א‬7014.4 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬7014.4%
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.6914.2 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬6914.2 %
5711.7 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬479.7 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬459.2 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬347.0 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬336.8 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬40.1%‫א‬195، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،34.3%‫א‬167‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬23.9%
‫א‬116‫א‬،، ‫א‬22.2%‫א‬
108‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬14.4%‫א‬70، ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬14.4%

99. 77
‫א‬70‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬14.2%
‫א‬69‫א‬.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬14.2%
‫א‬69‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬57‫א‬11.7%،
‫א‬ ‫א‬9.7%‫א‬47‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬45‫א‬9.2%‫א‬ ،،‫א‬
0.7%‫א‬34‫א‬.،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬33‫א‬6.8%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
:‫א‬ ‫א‬(14)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
195
167
116
108
70
70
69
69
57
47
45
34
33
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﺐ‬ ‫وﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫آﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺎد‬ ‫واﻹرﺷ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ذآﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮأة‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺮة‬ ‫اﻷﺳ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻤﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫أدري‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻬﻼك‬‫اﻹﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜ‬ ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻹرﺷﺎد‬

100. 78
1-3-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬:
(19)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬22546.2 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬14129.0 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬13928.5 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬13828.3 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬11924.4 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬9719.9 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬9018.5 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬(8818.1 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬8317.0 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬7214.8 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬7816.0 %
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬7615.6 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬6713.8 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬6613.6 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬6312.9 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬5912.1 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬489.9 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬449.0 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬418.4 %
377.6 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬296.0 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬173.5 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬163.3 %

101. 79
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
225‫א‬46.2%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬141‫א‬
29.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬139‫א‬28.5%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬138‫א‬28.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
119‫א‬24.4%،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬97‫א‬19.9%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬90‫א‬
18.5%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬)‫א‬(88‫א‬
18.1%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬–‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬83‫א‬
18.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬78‫א‬
16.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬76‫א‬15.6%،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬72‫א‬14.8%،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬67‫א‬13.8%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
66‫א‬13.6%،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬63
‫א‬12.9%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،59‫א‬12.1%،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬48‫א‬9.9%،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬44‫א‬9.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬41‫א‬8.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬37‫א‬7.6%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

102. 80
29‫א‬6.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬17
‫א‬3.5%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ،16‫א‬3.3%،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬:
‫א‬ ‫א‬(15)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
139
138
119
97
90
88
83
78
76
72
67
66
63
59
48
44
41
37
17
16
225
141
29
0 50 100 150 200 250
‫اﻹﺧﺒﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر‬
‫واﻷﻓﻼم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼت‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻨﺎول‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻓﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫واﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮات‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
( ‫آﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺪوات‬ – ‫اﻟﺤﻮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮأة‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫ذآﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻋﺎﻳﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻷﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬

103. 81
2-3-4‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬:
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(20)
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬225‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬46.2%
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
15–1976.8 %
20–244139.0 %
25−293857.6 %
30–343157.4 %
35−392457.1 %
40−443473.9 %
45–491973.1 %
50–541684.2 %
55–591191.7 %
602100.0 %
‫א‬223
‫א‬ ‫א‬2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬225
‫א‬)(20‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬225‫א‬46.2%‫א‬ ‫א‬:7
‫א‬ ‫א‬15−19‫א‬ ‫א‬6.8%‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
20−2441‫א‬39.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
25−2938‫א‬57.6%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
30−3431‫א‬57.4%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

104. 82
35−3924‫א‬57.1%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
40−4434‫א‬73.9%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
45−4919‫א‬73.1%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬50−
5416‫א‬84.2%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،55−
5911‫א‬91.7%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ،60
‫א‬ ‫א‬100.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬.
−‫א‬ ‫א‬
(21)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬141‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬29.0%
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
15–194038.8 %
20–244038.1 %
25−292030.3 %
30–34916.7 %
35−391023.8 %
40−44919.6 %
45–49415.4 %
50–54526.3 %
55–59325.0 %
60--
‫א‬140
‫א‬ ‫א‬1
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬141

105. 83
‫א‬)(21‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬141‫א‬29.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬:40‫א‬ ‫א‬
15−19‫א‬ ‫א‬38.3%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬20−
2440‫א‬38.1%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
25−2920‫א‬30.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬30−
349‫א‬16.7%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
35−3910‫א‬23.8%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬40−
449‫א‬19.6%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬45−49
49‫א‬15.4%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬50−54
5‫א‬26.3%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،55−593
‫א‬25.0%، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
60،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

106. 84
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(22)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬139‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬28.5%
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
15–191312.6 %
20–242422.9 %
25–292537.9 %
30–341629.6 %
35−391433.3 %
40−441941.3 %
45–491246.2 %
50–54842.1 %
55–59650.0 %
60150.0 %
‫א‬138
‫א‬ ‫א‬1
‫א‬ ‫א‬139
‫א‬)(22‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬139‫א‬28.5%‫א‬
‫א‬:13‫א‬ ‫א‬15−19‫א‬ ‫א‬12.6%
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬20−2424‫א‬22.9%‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬25−2925‫א‬37.9%،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬30−3416‫א‬29.6%،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬35−3914‫א‬33.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬40−4419‫א‬41.3%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،

107. 85
‫א‬45−4912‫א‬46.2%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
50−548‫א‬42.1%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
55−596‫א‬50.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ،
60‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬50.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(23)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬138‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬28.3 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
15–192120.4 %
20–242624.8 %
25–292842.4 %
30–341731.5 %
35−39819.0 %
40−44919.6 %
45–491350.0 %
50–54842.1 %
55–59433.3 %
60150.0 %
‫א‬135
‫א‬ ‫א‬3
‫א‬ ‫א‬138
‫א‬)(23‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬138‫א‬28.3%‫א‬
‫א‬:21‫א‬ ‫א‬15−19‫א‬ ‫א‬20.4%

108. 86
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬20−2426‫א‬24.8%‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬25−2928‫א‬42.4%،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬30−3417‫א‬31.5%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬35−398‫א‬19.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
40−449‫א‬19.6%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
45−4913‫א‬50.0%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
50−548‫א‬42.1%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
55−594‫א‬33.3%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ،60
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬50.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.

109. 87
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(24)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬119‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬24.4 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
15–191413.6 %
20–242321.9 %
25−292030.0 %
30–341527.8 %
35−391433.3 %
40−441226.1 %
45–49726.9 %
50–54947.4 %
55–59433.3 %
60150.0 %
‫א‬(24)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬119‫א‬24.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬:14‫א‬ ‫א‬
15−19‫א‬ ‫א‬13.6%، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬20−2423‫א‬
21.9%‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬25−29
20‫א‬30.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬30−3415‫א‬
27.8%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬35−39
14‫א‬33.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬40−4412
‫א‬26.1%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬45−497‫א‬
26.9%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬50−549‫א‬

110. 88
47.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،55−594‫א‬
33.3%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ،60‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
50.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(25)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬97‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬19.9 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
15–192120.4 %
20–242725.7 %
25–291827.3 %
30–341324.1 %
35−3949.5 %
40–44817.4 %
45–4913.8 %
50–54315.8 %
55–5918.3 %
60150.0 %
‫א‬(25)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬97‫א‬19.9%‫א‬ ‫א‬:21‫א‬
‫א‬15−19‫א‬ ‫א‬20.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
20−2427‫א‬25.7%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
25−2918‫א‬27.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
30−3413‫א‬24.1%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

111. 89
35−394‫א‬9.5%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
40−448‫א‬17.4%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
45−49‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬3.8%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬50−54
3‫א‬15.8%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،55−59
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬8.3%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬60‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
50.0%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.
−‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(26)
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬90‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬18.5 %
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
15–191514.6 %
20–242422.9 %
25−291218.2 %
30–341018.5 %
35−39921.4 %
40−44919.6 %
45–49623.1 %
50–54210.5 %
55–59216.7 %
60--
‫א‬89
‫א‬ ‫א‬1
‫א‬ ‫א‬90
‫א‬(26)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬90‫א‬18.5%‫א‬ ‫א‬:15‫א‬ ‫א‬
15−19‫א‬ ‫א‬14.6%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬

112. 90
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬20−2424‫א‬
22.9%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬25−29
12‫א‬18.2%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬30−3410‫א‬
18.5%،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬35−399
‫א‬21.4%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬40−449‫א‬
19.6%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،45−496‫א‬
23.1%،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬50−54
10.5%‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،55−5916.7%
، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬60،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬.