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ì	
  
Metadata	
  
Issues	
  related	
  to	
  Audio	
  Preserva0on	
  
By:	
  Marisa	
  Mendez-­‐Brady	
  
	
  
INF	
  392L:	
  (28735)	
  Audio	
  Preserva0on	
  and	
  ReformaFng	
  
Professor	
  Sarah	
  Cunningham	
  
November	
  14,	
  2012	
  
What	
  is	
  Metadata?	
  
Ø  Metadata	
  is	
  “data	
  about	
  data”	
  
Ø  Cataloging	
  -­‐	
  most	
  basic	
  form	
  of	
  metadata	
  
Ø  Iden0fies	
  content	
  
Ø  Outlines	
  technical	
  processes	
  
Ø  Describes	
  Administra0ve	
  rights	
  and	
  	
  permissions	
  
Ø  Iden0fies	
  file	
  formats,	
  and	
  the	
  rela0onship	
  of	
  files	
  to	
  one	
  
another	
  
 
There	
  are	
  Three	
  Broad	
  
Categories	
  of	
  Metadata	
  
Types	
  of	
  Metadata	
  
Administra0ve	
  
Metadata	
  is	
  either	
  
technical	
  metadata	
  or	
  
digiprov,	
  which	
  is	
  the	
  
transfer	
  history	
  of	
  the	
  
digital	
  object.	
  	
  It	
  also	
  
includes	
  copyright	
  
history	
  and	
  licensing	
  
agreements	
  
Why	
  does	
  Metadata	
  
Matter?	
  
ì  Metadata	
  is	
  important	
  for	
  the	
  
preserva0on	
  of	
  audio	
  
recordings	
  	
  	
  
ì  Without	
  the	
  appropriate	
  
metadata	
  accompanying	
  a	
  
digital	
  file,	
  the	
  digital	
  object	
  is	
  
not	
  complete	
  and	
  renders	
  the	
  
digital	
  file	
  useless	
  for	
  research	
  
ì  In	
  order	
  for	
  metadata	
  to	
  be	
  
for	
  preserva0on,	
  it	
  must	
  
include	
  administra0ve,	
  
structural	
  and	
  descrip0ve	
  
metadata	
  (PREMIS)	
  
Issues	
  with	
  Metadata	
  in	
  the	
  Field	
  
Ø Metadata	
  Standards	
  are	
  not	
  Uniform	
  
Ø There	
  is	
  no	
  one	
  widely	
  accepted	
  Metadata	
  Standard	
  
Further	
  Problems	
  with	
  Metadata	
  
Ø Seman0c	
  Disagreements	
  
Ø Workflow	
  Discrepancies	
  
	
  
Ø Incompa0ble	
  So`ware	
  
Ø Lack	
  of	
  Universal	
  Classifica0on	
  
Ø Inherent	
  issues	
  to	
  BWF	
  Files	
  
	
  
	
  
Planning	
  for	
  the	
  Future	
  
INTEGRATION	
  
	
  
METS	
  –	
  Metadata	
  Encoding	
  and	
  
Transmission	
  Standard	
  
	
  
MODS	
  –	
  Designed	
  with	
  MARC	
  in	
  mind	
  
	
  
DUBLIN	
  CORE	
  –	
  Minimal	
  Fields	
  
	
  
OAIS	
  –	
  Open	
  Archival	
  Informa0on	
  System	
  
	
  
AES	
  -­‐	
  	
  Audio	
  Engineer	
  Society	
  (AES-­‐X098B)	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Resources:	
  	
  
	
  
Brylawski,	
  Sam.	
  Proceedings	
  from	
  Sound	
  Savings:	
  Preserving	
  Audio	
  Collec0ons:	
  Review	
  of	
  Audio	
  Collec3on	
  Preserva3on	
  Trends	
  and	
  Challenges.	
  Aus0n,	
  TX,	
  2003.	
  
hcp://www.arl.org/preserv/sound_savings_proceedings/	
  
	
  	
  
Brylawski,	
  Samuel.	
  "Preserva0on	
  of	
  digitally	
  recorded	
  sound."	
  Building	
  a	
  Na3onal	
  Strategy	
  for	
  Digital	
  Preserva3on:	
  Issues	
  in	
  Digital	
  Media	
  Archiving,	
  2002:	
  52.	
  
hcp://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub106/pub106.pdf#page=56	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Casey,	
  Mike	
  &	
  Gordon,	
  Bruce.	
  Sound	
  direc3ons:	
  Best	
  prac3ces	
  for	
  audio	
  preserva3on.	
  	
  Harvard	
  University	
  and	
  Indiana	
  University,	
  2007.	
  
hcp://dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirec0ons/papersPresent/index.shtml	
  
	
  	
  
Cundiff,	
  Morgan	
  V.	
  "An	
  introduc0on	
  to	
  the	
  metadata	
  encoding	
  and	
  transmission	
  standard	
  (METS)."	
  Library	
  Hi	
  Tech	
  22,	
  no.	
  1,	
  2004:	
  52-­‐64.	
  	
  hcp://
polaris.gseis.ucla.edu.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/gleazer/260_readings/mccallum.pdf	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Duval,	
  Erik,	
  Wayne	
  Hodgins,	
  Stuart	
  Sucon,	
  and	
  Stuart	
  L.	
  Weibel.	
  "Metadata	
  principles	
  and	
  prac0cali0es."	
  D-­‐lib	
  Magazine	
  8,	
  no.	
  4,	
  2002:	
  16.	
  
hcp://www.dlib.org/dlib/april02/weibel/04weibel.html	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Fleischhauer,	
  Carl.	
  "The	
  Library	
  of	
  Congress	
  digital	
  audio	
  preserva0on	
  prototyping	
  project."	
  Sound	
  Savings:	
  Preserving	
  Audio	
  Collec3ons,	
  Aus3n,	
  TX,	
  available	
  at:	
  www.	
  arl.	
  org/preserv/
sound_savings_proceedings/Digital_audio.	
  shtml,	
  2003:	
  Accessed	
  July	
  3,	
  2008,	
  hcp://www.arl.org/preserv/sound_savings_proceedings/	
  
	
  	
  
Guenther,	
  Rebecca,	
  and	
  Sally	
  McCallum.	
  "New	
  metadata	
  standards	
  for	
  digital	
  resources:	
  MODS	
  and	
  METS."	
  Bulle0n	
  of	
  the	
  American	
  Society	
  for	
  Informa0on	
  Science	
  and	
  Technology	
  29,	
  
no.	
  2,	
  2003:	
  12-­‐15.	
  hcp://mail.asis.org/Bulle0n/Dec02/guenthermccallum.html	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Heery,	
  Rachel,	
  and	
  Manjula	
  Patel.	
  "Applica0on	
  profiles:	
  mixing	
  and	
  matching	
  metadata	
  schemas."	
  Ariadne	
  25,	
  2000:	
  27-­‐31.	
  
hcp://www.agiimc.de/internet.nsf/0/f106435e0fd9ffc1c125699f002ddf31/$FILE/dubin_core.pdf	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Hunter,	
  Jane,	
  and	
  Sharmin	
  Choudhury.	
  "Implemen0ng	
  preserva0on	
  strategies	
  for	
  complex	
  mul0media	
  objects."	
  Research	
  and	
  Advanced	
  Technology	
  for	
  Digital	
  Libraries,	
  2003:	
  473-­‐486.	
  
hcp://espace.library.uq.edu.au.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/eserv.php?pid=UQ:7898&dsID=ecdl2003.pdf	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Interna0onal	
  Associa0on	
  of	
  Sound	
  and	
  Audiovisual	
  Archives.	
  IASA-­‐TC04	
  guidelines	
  on	
  the	
  produc3on	
  and	
  preserva3on	
  of	
  digital	
  audio	
  objects:	
  Standards,	
  recommended	
  prac3ces,	
  and	
  
strategies.	
  Second	
  Edi1on.	
  Auckland	
  Park,	
  South	
  Africa:	
  Interna0onal	
  Associa0on	
  of	
  Sound	
  and	
  Audiovisual	
  Archives,	
  Technical	
  Commicee,	
  2009.	
  
	
  
Lupovici,	
  Catherine,	
  and	
  Julien	
  Masanès.	
  "Metadata	
  for	
  long-­‐term	
  preserva0on."	
  NEDLIB	
  Report	
  series,	
  2000.	
  hcp://www.kb.nl/en/node/8367	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Mathes,	
  Adam.	
  "Folksonomies-­‐coopera0ve	
  classifica0on	
  and	
  communica0on	
  through	
  shared	
  metadata."	
  Computer	
  Mediated	
  Communica3on	
  47,	
  no.	
  10,	
  2004.	
  
hcp://adammathes.com/academic/computer-­‐mediated-­‐communica0on/folksonomies.pdf	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Na0onal	
  Recording	
  Preserva0on	
  Board.	
  	
  The	
  State	
  of	
  Recorded	
  Sound	
  Preserva3on	
  in	
  the	
  United	
  States	
  A	
  Na3onal	
  Legacy	
  at	
  Risk	
  in	
  the	
  Digital	
  Age.	
  Council	
  on	
  Library	
  and	
  Informa0on	
  
Resources	
  and	
  the	
  Library	
  of	
  Congress:	
  Washington,	
  D.C.,	
  20102	
  hcp://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub148/pub148.pdf	
  
	
  	
  
Na0onal	
  Ini0a0ve	
  for	
  a	
  Networked	
  Cultural	
  Heritage.	
  The	
  NINCH	
  guide	
  to	
  good	
  prac3ce	
  in	
  the	
  digital	
  representa3on	
  and	
  management	
  of	
  cultural	
  heritage	
  materials:	
  Audio/video	
  capture	
  
and	
  management.	
  2002.	
  hcp://www.nyu.edu/its/humani0es/ninchguide/VII/	
  
	
  	
  
Resources	
  Con0nued:	
  
	
  
Nelson-­‐Strauss,	
  Brenda.	
  Preserva0on	
  policies	
  and	
  priori0es	
  for	
  recorded	
  sound	
  collec0ons.	
  Notes:	
  Quarterly	
  Journal	
  of	
  the	
  Music	
  Library	
  Associa3on,	
  
48(2),	
  2001.	
  	
  425-­‐436.	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Orio,	
  Nicola,	
  Lauro	
  Snidaro,	
  and	
  Sergio	
  Canazza.	
  "Semi-­‐automa0c	
  metadata	
  extrac0on	
  from	
  shellac	
  and	
  vinyl	
  discs."	
  Proceedings	
  of	
  AXMEDIS,	
  2008:	
  
38-­‐45.	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Oco,	
  Jane	
  J.	
  "A	
  Sound	
  Strategy	
  for	
  Preserva0on:	
  Adap0ng	
  Audio	
  Engineering	
  Society	
  Technical	
  Metadata	
  for	
  Use	
  in	
  Mul0media	
  Repositories,"	
  
Cataloging	
  &	
  Classifica0on	
  Quarterly	
  48:5,	
  2010:	
  403-­‐422	
  
hVp://mss3.libraries.rutgers.edu/dlr/showfed.php?pid=rutgers-­‐lib:26685	
  
	
  	
  
Rauch,	
  Carl,	
  Franz	
  Pavuza,	
  Stephan	
  Strodl,	
  and	
  Andreas	
  Rauber.	
  "Evalua0ng	
  preserva0on	
  strategies	
  for	
  audio	
  and	
  video	
  files."	
  In	
  DELOS	
  Digital	
  
Repositories	
  Workshop,	
  Heraklion,	
  Crete,	
  2005.	
  	
  hcp://www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/~andi/publica0ons/pdf/rau_digrep05.pdf	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Sowa,	
  John.	
  "Ontology,	
  metadata,	
  and	
  semio0cs."	
  Conceptual	
  structures:	
  Logical,	
  linguis3c,	
  and	
  computa3onal	
  issues,	
  2000:	
  55-­‐81.	
  
hcp://seman0community.info/@api/deki/files/5956/johnsowa05122008.pdf	
  	
  
	
  	
  
Wright,	
  Richard.	
  "Digital	
  preserva0on	
  of	
  audio,	
  video	
  and	
  film."	
  Vine	
  34,	
  no.	
  2,	
  2004:	
  71-­‐76.	
  	
  hcp://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03055720410550869	
  
	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  

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Metadata Schema's

  • 1. ì   Metadata   Issues  related  to  Audio  Preserva0on   By:  Marisa  Mendez-­‐Brady     INF  392L:  (28735)  Audio  Preserva0on  and  ReformaFng   Professor  Sarah  Cunningham   November  14,  2012  
  • 2. What  is  Metadata?   Ø  Metadata  is  “data  about  data”   Ø  Cataloging  -­‐  most  basic  form  of  metadata   Ø  Iden0fies  content   Ø  Outlines  technical  processes   Ø  Describes  Administra0ve  rights  and    permissions   Ø  Iden0fies  file  formats,  and  the  rela0onship  of  files  to  one   another  
  • 3.   There  are  Three  Broad   Categories  of  Metadata   Types  of  Metadata   Administra0ve   Metadata  is  either   technical  metadata  or   digiprov,  which  is  the   transfer  history  of  the   digital  object.    It  also   includes  copyright   history  and  licensing   agreements  
  • 4. Why  does  Metadata   Matter?   ì  Metadata  is  important  for  the   preserva0on  of  audio   recordings       ì  Without  the  appropriate   metadata  accompanying  a   digital  file,  the  digital  object  is   not  complete  and  renders  the   digital  file  useless  for  research   ì  In  order  for  metadata  to  be   for  preserva0on,  it  must   include  administra0ve,   structural  and  descrip0ve   metadata  (PREMIS)  
  • 5. Issues  with  Metadata  in  the  Field   Ø Metadata  Standards  are  not  Uniform   Ø There  is  no  one  widely  accepted  Metadata  Standard  
  • 6. Further  Problems  with  Metadata   Ø Seman0c  Disagreements   Ø Workflow  Discrepancies     Ø Incompa0ble  So`ware   Ø Lack  of  Universal  Classifica0on   Ø Inherent  issues  to  BWF  Files      
  • 7. Planning  for  the  Future   INTEGRATION     METS  –  Metadata  Encoding  and   Transmission  Standard     MODS  –  Designed  with  MARC  in  mind     DUBLIN  CORE  –  Minimal  Fields     OAIS  –  Open  Archival  Informa0on  System     AES  -­‐    Audio  Engineer  Society  (AES-­‐X098B)        
  • 8. Resources:       Brylawski,  Sam.  Proceedings  from  Sound  Savings:  Preserving  Audio  Collec0ons:  Review  of  Audio  Collec3on  Preserva3on  Trends  and  Challenges.  Aus0n,  TX,  2003.   hcp://www.arl.org/preserv/sound_savings_proceedings/       Brylawski,  Samuel.  "Preserva0on  of  digitally  recorded  sound."  Building  a  Na3onal  Strategy  for  Digital  Preserva3on:  Issues  in  Digital  Media  Archiving,  2002:  52.   hcp://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub106/pub106.pdf#page=56         Casey,  Mike  &  Gordon,  Bruce.  Sound  direc3ons:  Best  prac3ces  for  audio  preserva3on.    Harvard  University  and  Indiana  University,  2007.   hcp://dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirec0ons/papersPresent/index.shtml       Cundiff,  Morgan  V.  "An  introduc0on  to  the  metadata  encoding  and  transmission  standard  (METS)."  Library  Hi  Tech  22,  no.  1,  2004:  52-­‐64.    hcp:// polaris.gseis.ucla.edu.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/gleazer/260_readings/mccallum.pdf         Duval,  Erik,  Wayne  Hodgins,  Stuart  Sucon,  and  Stuart  L.  Weibel.  "Metadata  principles  and  prac0cali0es."  D-­‐lib  Magazine  8,  no.  4,  2002:  16.   hcp://www.dlib.org/dlib/april02/weibel/04weibel.html         Fleischhauer,  Carl.  "The  Library  of  Congress  digital  audio  preserva0on  prototyping  project."  Sound  Savings:  Preserving  Audio  Collec3ons,  Aus3n,  TX,  available  at:  www.  arl.  org/preserv/ sound_savings_proceedings/Digital_audio.  shtml,  2003:  Accessed  July  3,  2008,  hcp://www.arl.org/preserv/sound_savings_proceedings/       Guenther,  Rebecca,  and  Sally  McCallum.  "New  metadata  standards  for  digital  resources:  MODS  and  METS."  Bulle0n  of  the  American  Society  for  Informa0on  Science  and  Technology  29,   no.  2,  2003:  12-­‐15.  hcp://mail.asis.org/Bulle0n/Dec02/guenthermccallum.html         Heery,  Rachel,  and  Manjula  Patel.  "Applica0on  profiles:  mixing  and  matching  metadata  schemas."  Ariadne  25,  2000:  27-­‐31.   hcp://www.agiimc.de/internet.nsf/0/f106435e0fd9ffc1c125699f002ddf31/$FILE/dubin_core.pdf         Hunter,  Jane,  and  Sharmin  Choudhury.  "Implemen0ng  preserva0on  strategies  for  complex  mul0media  objects."  Research  and  Advanced  Technology  for  Digital  Libraries,  2003:  473-­‐486.   hcp://espace.library.uq.edu.au.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/eserv.php?pid=UQ:7898&dsID=ecdl2003.pdf         Interna0onal  Associa0on  of  Sound  and  Audiovisual  Archives.  IASA-­‐TC04  guidelines  on  the  produc3on  and  preserva3on  of  digital  audio  objects:  Standards,  recommended  prac3ces,  and   strategies.  Second  Edi1on.  Auckland  Park,  South  Africa:  Interna0onal  Associa0on  of  Sound  and  Audiovisual  Archives,  Technical  Commicee,  2009.     Lupovici,  Catherine,  and  Julien  Masanès.  "Metadata  for  long-­‐term  preserva0on."  NEDLIB  Report  series,  2000.  hcp://www.kb.nl/en/node/8367         Mathes,  Adam.  "Folksonomies-­‐coopera0ve  classifica0on  and  communica0on  through  shared  metadata."  Computer  Mediated  Communica3on  47,  no.  10,  2004.   hcp://adammathes.com/academic/computer-­‐mediated-­‐communica0on/folksonomies.pdf         Na0onal  Recording  Preserva0on  Board.    The  State  of  Recorded  Sound  Preserva3on  in  the  United  States  A  Na3onal  Legacy  at  Risk  in  the  Digital  Age.  Council  on  Library  and  Informa0on   Resources  and  the  Library  of  Congress:  Washington,  D.C.,  20102  hcp://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub148/pub148.pdf       Na0onal  Ini0a0ve  for  a  Networked  Cultural  Heritage.  The  NINCH  guide  to  good  prac3ce  in  the  digital  representa3on  and  management  of  cultural  heritage  materials:  Audio/video  capture   and  management.  2002.  hcp://www.nyu.edu/its/humani0es/ninchguide/VII/      
  • 9. Resources  Con0nued:     Nelson-­‐Strauss,  Brenda.  Preserva0on  policies  and  priori0es  for  recorded  sound  collec0ons.  Notes:  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Music  Library  Associa3on,   48(2),  2001.    425-­‐436.         Orio,  Nicola,  Lauro  Snidaro,  and  Sergio  Canazza.  "Semi-­‐automa0c  metadata  extrac0on  from  shellac  and  vinyl  discs."  Proceedings  of  AXMEDIS,  2008:   38-­‐45.         Oco,  Jane  J.  "A  Sound  Strategy  for  Preserva0on:  Adap0ng  Audio  Engineering  Society  Technical  Metadata  for  Use  in  Mul0media  Repositories,"   Cataloging  &  Classifica0on  Quarterly  48:5,  2010:  403-­‐422   hVp://mss3.libraries.rutgers.edu/dlr/showfed.php?pid=rutgers-­‐lib:26685       Rauch,  Carl,  Franz  Pavuza,  Stephan  Strodl,  and  Andreas  Rauber.  "Evalua0ng  preserva0on  strategies  for  audio  and  video  files."  In  DELOS  Digital   Repositories  Workshop,  Heraklion,  Crete,  2005.    hcp://www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/~andi/publica0ons/pdf/rau_digrep05.pdf         Sowa,  John.  "Ontology,  metadata,  and  semio0cs."  Conceptual  structures:  Logical,  linguis3c,  and  computa3onal  issues,  2000:  55-­‐81.   hcp://seman0community.info/@api/deki/files/5956/johnsowa05122008.pdf         Wright,  Richard.  "Digital  preserva0on  of  audio,  video  and  film."  Vine  34,  no.  2,  2004:  71-­‐76.    hcp://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03055720410550869