Philippine literary production during the American Period in the Philippines was spurred by two significant developments in education and culture. One is the introduction of free public instruction for all children of school age and two, the use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools.

1. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
DURING AMERICAN ERA

2. WHY AMERICANS CAME TO
THE PHILIPPINES?
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
TREATY OF PARIS
PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN
WAR
PHILIPPINE’S
INDEPENDENCE
PROCLAMATION
INFLUENCES

3. WHY AMERICANS CAME TO
THE PHILIPPINES?
HISTORY

4. NEW LANDS
The United States wanted new lands for their
businessmen to development and to trade.
HISTORY

5. AMERICAN BASES
The United States was looking for Asian naval bases
bases and shipping ports
HISTORY

6. POLICY OF “MANIFEST DESTINY”
The Americans believed it as their mission to civilize
the Filipinos, to educate, and train them for
democracy.
HISTORY

7. THE FILIPINO INVITATION
The Filipinos asked the Americans to come and
help them fight the Spaniards.
HISTORY

8. HISTORY

9. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The Cuban revolution
against the Spaniards
broke out in 1895. The
United States supported
the Cubans because the
latter’s liberation from
Spain would benefit their
trading interests.
On February 15, 1898,
the warship Maine of the
Americans was blown up
in the Port of Havana.
HISTORY

10.  On May 1, 1898, the fleet
of Commodore George
Dewey destroyed the
Spanish fleet led by
Admiral Montojo.
HISTORY

11.  In June, Philippine revolutionaries declared
independence, but U.S. troops occupied
Manila in August.
On May 17,
1898, Emilio
Aguinaldo left
Hong Kong
aboard the US
ship McCulloch.
HISTORY

12. TREATY OF PARIS
HISTORY
On December 10, 1898 John Hay
the Secretary of State signing the
Paris of Treaty. In this treaty
Spain ceded the Philippines,
Guam, and Puerto Rico to the
United States for about $20
million dollars after the Spanish
American War.

13. HISTORY

14. President McKinley ordered the
War Department to bring all of the
islands under military control
because the people of the
Philippines were too "uncivilized"
to govern themselves.
This shocked the Filipinos,
because they had expected the
U.S. to help them in their struggle
for independence.
Not only did the U.S. not help the
Philippines in their struggle for
freedom, they refused to grant
them freedom for forty-five years.
This fight for freedom became the
Philippine-American War.
HISTORY

15. Philippine-American War HISTORY

16. The conflict became the brutal Filipino-American
War that officially lasted until 1902
 An estimated 4,500 Americans, and at least ten
times that many Filipinos died.
HISTORY

17. FREEDOM AT LAST!
HISTORY
On July 4th, 1946, the United States
Government restored full
independence in the Philippines.
After battling different imperial
powers for years, the Filipinos finally
achieves their dreams. They were
ahead of other countries trying to
gain their freedom from the
beginning, and that is why they were
successful.

18. HISTORY

19. HISTORY INFLUENCES

20. DIET
DRESS
POPULAR
EDUCATION
INFLUENCES HISTORY
THE PLAYS
JOURNALISM
EMANCIPATION
OF WOMEN
FILIPINO
PENSIONADOS
FILIPINO
LITERATURE IN
ENGLISH
VERNACULAR
LITERATURE
FINE ARTS
MUSIC
SCIENCE
FIESTA AMD
HOLIDAYS
AMERICAS
CONTRIBUTION TO
NATIONALISM

21. DIET
Ham and eggs, oatmeal,
sandwiches, hotdogs, steak
 Coffee, beer, whisky
 American – brand cigarettes
HISTORY INFLUENCES

22. DRESS
Pants with suspenders or belts, coat and tie,
polo shirts, hats, leather / tennis shoes
 Skirts, high-heeled shoes, fancy hats,
stockings, perfume, lotion, false eyelashes,
cosmetics
HISTORY INFLUENCES

23. EMANCIPATION OF
WOMEN
 Study in universities
 Acquire higher education
Choose and practice any profession
Participate in politics
Vote and be voted for public office
HISTORY INFLUENCES

24. POPULAR
EDUCATION
 First school opened in Corregidor
Island
 August 23, 1901 – USS Thomas
arrived with 600 American
teachers
 Free education
HISTORY INFLUENCES

25. 600 educators in the S.S. Thomas (the
“Thomasites") that replaced the soldiers who
had been serving as the first teachers.
HISTORY INFLUENCES

26. FILIPINO PENSIONADOS
HISTORY INFLUENCES
 1903 – 100 Filipinos were sent to America as government
pensionados to study in American colleges and universities
 Jose Abad Santos, Francisco Benitez, Honoria Acosta Sison, Jorge
Bocobo, Francisco Delgado

27. HISTORY INFLUENCES

28. FILIPINO LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
HISTORY INFLUENCES
 Filipino in material / sentiment but expressed in a foreign language
New generation of writers portrayed the glories of our land, the
thoughts and feelings of our race, and the problems of their times
in English

29. FILIPINO LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
Poet – Fernando Maramag
 Short story – Clemencia Joven
Novel – Zoilo Galang
 Journalism – Carlos Romulo
(Pulitzer prize – International reporting, 1942)
HISTORY INFLUENCES

30. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
 Claro Caluya – Prince of Ilocos Poets
Mona Crisologo – greatest Iloco dramatist
 Leon Pichay – Iloco poet laureate
HISTORY INFLUENCES
Mena Pecson Crisologo – “Mining Weno Ayat ti Kararwa”

31. VERNACULAR LITERATURE
 Visayas – Magdalena Jalandoni and Ramon Muzones
 Tagalog – Francisco Balagtas and Jose Corazon de Jesus
HISTORY INFLUENCES

32. THE PLAYS
Moro-moro was replaced by zarzuela
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa – Pascual Poblete
 Tanikalang Ginto – Juan Abad
Malaya – Tomas Remigio
Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas – Aurelio Tolentino
Walang Sugat – Severino Reyes
HISTORY INFLUENCES

33. JOURNALISM
 Bounding Billow
Philippine Herald
 Tribune
 La Vanguardia
 Taliba
 Liwayway, Bisaya, Hiligaynon, Bannawag
HISTORY INFLUENCES

34. FINE ARTS
HISTORY INFLUENCES
Modern schools, theaters, hotels, stores, houses with American
architectural lines
 Buildings with elevators, air-conditioning systems, and electrical
gadgets

35. MUSIC
 American Jazz and swing music
American dances
HISTORY INFLUENCES

36. SCIENCE
Modern techniques and research in medicine, pharmacy, biology
and other sciences and technology
National Research Council
HISTORY INFLUENCES

37. FIESTAS AND HOLIDAYS
HISTORY INFLUENCES
Continued celebration of the annual Spanish fiestas and other
Christian holidays

38. AMERICAS CONTRIBUTION TO
NATIONALISM
Permitted us to display our own Philippine flag
 Played our national anthem
 Celebrated our national heroes’ day
HISTORY INFLUENCES
 Enjoyed freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and pet

39. END 