2. YOUTH
“… is a critical period in a person’s
growth and development from the
onset of adolescence towards the
peak of mature, self-reliant and
responsible adulthood comprising
the considerable sector of the
population from the age of fifteen
(15) to thirty (30) years.”
sole policy-coordinating agency of the
government on youth development
4. Four Sub-sectors of Youth:
In-School Youth (ISY)
Out-of-School Youth (OSY)
Working Youth (WY)
Youth with Special Needs (YSN)
5. In- School Youth
Definition:
15 – 30 years old
Attending either formal school system or non-school
based educational program
School Year 2000 - 2001
Elementary
12,680,936
High School
5,167,553
College
2,399,268
6. Trend
Upside:
Increasing school participation of students
establishment of additional schools
improved resource allocation for the educational sector
passage of landmark laws and legislation affecting the
in-school youth
Downside:
lack of improvement in the performance indicators of
basic education
low success rate in professional examinations
a still inadequate number of secondary and tertiary
schools
increasing proportion of educated among the
unemployed
7. Out- of - School Youth
Definition:
Not enrolled in any formal or vocational school
Not employed and not a tertiary level graduate
Population
• 9.5 million in 1999
• more are in urban areas (62%)
8. Upside:
more supportive policy and program environment
Downside:
a growing population of OSY
an increasing number of rural youth among the OSY
population
lack of plans among many OSY to continue their
education
traditional and cultural norms that factor into the OSY
problem
low participation in productive endeavors
9. In Education
3 pass licensure exam
7 take licensure exam
1 is employed
12 graduate in tertiary education
21 enroll in tertiary education
40 graduate in Secondary Education
90 enroll in Grade 1
100 school age kids
10. Working Youth
Definition:
15 – 30 years old
either employed, self-employed, underemployed, or
belong to specific employable job-seeking youth
groups both in the formal and informal sectors
Population
• Numbers 12 Million
11. Upside:
increasing labor force participation of young women
availability of labor market-based training programs
opportunities arising from globalization
better policy environment for young workers
Downside:
slow pace of job creation in the country
wide disparity in the labor force participation between
men and women
continued hiring of minors
vulnerability of young overseas Filipino workers
poor implementation of labor laws and standards
12. Youth with Special Needs
Definition:
Includes ten major clientele categories: indigenous
youth, differently -abled youth, youth in situations of
armed conflict, young victims of disasters and
calamities, youth offenders, juvenile delinquent, drug
dependent youth, street youth, abused and exploited
youth, and abandoned and neglected
Highly-diversified with different concerns and
aspirations
Most often marginalized and discriminated
13. Trend
Upside:
Passage of significant laws and policies
Implementation of programs and projects
Downside:
increasing population of the sub-groups
lack of relevant information and data
14. Youth and Children with Special Needs
17, 929 are abused
60,000 pushed to prostitution, 3200 expected to
join
every year
1.5 million are living on the streets increasing
6,400 per year
20, 000 in conflict with the law
Source: Philippine Resource Center,
1997-1999
15. Youth and Children with Special Needs
PROPORTIONS PER TYPE OF ABUSE
Physical- 9%
Sexual- 71%
Both Physical and Sexual- 4%
Neglect- 1%
No Validation- 15%
Source: Philippine Resource Center,
1997-1999
16. W
hat are now the
tough issues faced
by the youth
leaders ?
17. CHALLENGES &
CHALLENGES &
ISSUES
ISSUES
from the PUNK
from Top Survival and Developmental Issues
the PUNK
ISSUE
REGIONS AFFECTED
TOTAL
1. Education
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,CAR,NCR,CARAGA
15
2. Employment
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,NCR,CAR,CARAGA
15
3. Health
1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,CAR,ARMM
11
4. Reproductive Health
1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,NCR,CAR
11
5. Family Problems
1,2,3,4,7,6,8,12,NCR,CAR,ARMM
11
6. Environmental Awareness
1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,CAR
11
7. Poverty
1,2,3,4,7,8,10,CAR,CARAGA,ARMM
10
8. Mental Health
1,2,6,7,8,10,11,CAR,NCR
9
9. Early Marriages
1,3,5,6,10,CAR,CARAGA
7
10. Moral Degradation
1,2,6,8,10,NCR,CAR
7
18. CHALLENGES &
CHALLENGES &
ISSUES
ISSUES
from the PUNK
from Top Protection Issues
the PUNK
ISSUE
REGIONS AFFECTED
TOTAL
1. Substance Abuse
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,CAR,CARAGA,NCR,ARMM
16
2. Children in Conflict with Law
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,CAR,CARAGA, NCR,
ARMM
16
3. Child Abuse
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,CAR,CARAGA,NCR
13
4. Child Labor
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,CAR,NCR
13
5. Pre-Marital Sex
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,CAR,NCR
12
6. Prostitution
2,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,CARAGA,NCR
11
7. Fraternities/Sororities/Hazing
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,CAR,NCR
11
8. Discrimination
2,3,4,6,8,9,11,12,ARMM
10
9. Youth with Disabilities
1,2,4,5,6,10,CAR,NCR
9
10. Sexual Harassment/Rape
1,3,4,6,8,9,CAR,NCR
8
19. CHALLENGES &
CHALLENGES &
ISSUES
ISSUES
from the PUNK
from Top Participation Issues
the PUNK
ISSUE
REGIONS AFFECTED
TOTAL
1. Gov’t.-Related Problems
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,CAR,CARAGA,ARMM
14
2. Sangguniang Kabataan
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,CAR,CARAGA
12
3. Lack of Active Participation (youth)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,CARAGA,NCR
11
4. Lack of Access to Information
2,3,4,6,8,9,10
7
5. Insufficient &Inefficient Allocation of Budget
1,2,9,11,NCR
5
6. Suppression of Rights (press)
1,2,9,11,NCR
5
7. National Youth Commission
1,2,4,6
4
8. No youth Sub-Sector Rep
11,CARAGA,NCR
3
9. Ineffective Coordination among Youth Orgs
4,6
2
10. Limited Campus Orgs/Student Body Forums
1,9
2
20. CHALLENGES &
CHALLENGES &
ISSUES
ISSUES
from other related studies
from other related studies
Created in 1991, the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) can
directly participate at all levels of governance. However,
the SK is criticized for not doing enough for youth
development.
Some lawmakers want to abolish the SK.
Lack of parental support is a key barrier to youth
participation.
The situation of youth with special needs can pose
as barrier to their active participation.
Cultural norms and traditions tend to resist
young people’s efforts in assuming leadership
and responsibility.
21. CHALLENGES &
CHALLENGES &
ISSUES from other related
ISSUES from other related
studies
studies
Many young people have been raised to be passive and
not to question authority.
Lack of financial resources is a barrier in initiating
youth development activities.
In many parts of the country, females are given less
opportunities than their male counterparts
Class distinction inhibit the young people from poor
families to assume leadership responsibilities.
Many school administrators are seen as barriers in
effective youth participation
22. CHALLENGES &
CHALLENGES &
ISSUES from other related
ISSUES from other related
studies
studies
Lack of time due to school and work obligations prevents
young people from giving as much energy as they would
like in development programs.
23. CHALLENGES &
CHALLENGES &
ISSUES
ISSUES
Youth participation should mean:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Decision-making
–
Speaking
–
Listening
–
Researching
–
Planning
–
Policy-making
–
Advocating
Implementing projects
–
M and E
Leading
Managing
Teaching/learning
Facilitating
Negotiating
Counseling
Income-generating, fundraising/charity work
Performing
24. CHALLENGES &
CHALLENGES &
ISSUES
ISSUES
Youth participation must happen in the:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Family
–
School
–
Workplace
–
Health Services
Centers for Children –
Religious Institution –
Cultural Organization
Youth Associations`
GOs/ NGOs
Media
Political organization
Business/commerce
Others
25. All the challenging problems
faced by the youth sector
may not be solved
100 days from now;
nor will they be solved
1,000 days from now.
But let us begin….
