2. Plants originated form green algae, in the primitive
seas.
They can not move, but they have colonised all
environments on the Earth, thanks to different
adaptations.
There are two groups of plants:
Plants without seeds: Mosses and Ferns.
Plants with seeds: Angiosperms and Gimnosperms.
3.
4. Try to think….
1. Plants are unicellular/multicellular living things.
2. Plants are eukaryotic/prokaryotic organisms.
3. Plants do/don’t make their own food.
4. Plants are autotroph/heterotroph organisms.
5. Plants use a pigment called _________ to absorb the
sun light.
6. The process they use to make their own food is called
_________.
5. PARTS OF A PLANT
Plants have usually four parts:
-Roots: absorb water and mineral salts from
the soil.
-Stem: transport substances up and down
trhough the plant.
-Leaves: absorb the sunlight and exchange
gasses.
-Flower: it is the reproductive structure in
flowering plants.
6. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS
Plants with Seeds:
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Plants without Seeds:
Mosses
Ferns
8. MOSSES
They are the most primitive and
simple plants.
They don’t have vessels to transport substances (they
are “non-vascular plants”).
They don’t have real roots, stem or leaves. They have
very small similar structures called:
Rhizoids (rizoide)
Cauloids (cauloide)
Phyllodes (filoide)
9. They live in very humid places, on the soil, on rocks, or
on the trees’ trunks.
Mosses reproduce asexually, produceing reproductives
cells called “Spores”.
Spores are stored in special capsules on the top of the
plant.
When the capsule is broken, spores fall to the ground
and, if conditions are favourable, they produce a new
moss.
12. FERNS
Ferns are plants with vessels to transport substances
through the stem (they are “vascular plants”).
They live in humid areas as they need water to
reproduce.
They have roots, stem and leaves. Their leaves are
called “Fronds”.
13. Ferns reproduce asexually producing special cells
called “Spores”.
Spores are located in the downside of the leaves,
forimig gropus called “Sores” (soros).
15. GIMNOSPERMS
They have sexual reproduction.
Their seeds are not protected inside a fruit.
Gymnosperms include conifers, ginkgos and
cycads.
16. Conifers are widespread.
They include pines, secuoyas, fir trees and
cypress.
They are evergreen trees, as they lose their leaves
gradually all year round.
They have cones (their flowers) which protect their
seeds.
19. ANGIOSPERMS
Angiosperms have sexual reproduction.
They are plants with seeds wich are protected
inside a fruit.
They usually have bright, colourful flowers.
Most plant products used for food are obtained from
angiosperms.
22. FLOWERS
Flowers are the reproductive organs in gymnosperms
and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms’ flowers are unisexual, and we call
them “cones”. They don’t have calyx or corolla.
Male flower
28. POLLINATION
Pollination is the process by which pollenis transferred
from a stamen to a pistil.
When it happens within the same flower, we call it self-
pollination.
When it happens between two different plants, we call it
cross-pollination.
The wind, water, insects or others animals may help
pollination to occur.
http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8430050/UNIDAD%204/unit_04_video_03.html
29. Fertilisation is the union of the male gamete
(found inside pollen) with the female gamete
(ovum).
To make this possible, a filament grows from the
pollen grain and it reaches the ovum. The male
gamete goes down this “pollen tube” until it
reaches the ovum inside the ovary.
30. Se produce
la polinización
Tras llegar el polen
al estigma, se forma
el tubo polínico que
crece por el estilo
hasta llegar al ovario
Los gametos
masculinos descienden
por el tubo polínico
hasta el ovario, y se
produce la fecundación.
Gameto
femenino
Gametos
masculinos
Tubo polínico
Polen
1
2
3
31. Once fertilisation occurs, the seed is formed
inside the ovary.
Later, the ovary becomes a fruit that contains the
seed.
The fruit may be dry or fleshy, depending on the
amount of water they contain.
http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8430050/UNID
33. There are two main types of responses in plants:
Tropisms → Permanent responses which produce
changes in the direction of the plant’s growth. Types:
Geotropism: The response
is caused by gravity.
Phototropism: The response
is caused by light.
Autora: Marta García T.Autora: Marta García T.
34. Hydrotropism: The response is caused by water.
Thigmotropism: The response is caused by
contact.
Autora: Marta García T.Autora: Marta García T.
35. Nastic Movements: are temporary responses
of particular parts of a plant to external
stimuli.
Autora: Marta García T.Autora: Marta García T.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLTcVNyOhUc
37. Plants are autotrophs: they make their own food (glucose)
through a process called Photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process in which the plant
transform inorganic matter into organic matter, using
the the energy from sunlight.
In this process, the plant requires carbon dioxide, and
produce oxygen, which is released to the atmosphere.
Water + Mineral Salts + CO2 + Sunlight O2 + Glucose
40. HOW DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCUR?
Water and mineral salts are absorbed by the roots,
using the root hairs.
This mixture of Water with mineral salts dissolved
is called “Raw Sap).
41. The raw sap travels up the stem to the leaves
through special vessels called “Xylem”.
42.
43.
44. Leaves cells contain a pigment called Chlorophyll,
which absorbs the sunlight.
Chlorophyll is inside special organelles called
Chloroplasts.
45. At the same time, leaves absorb carbon dioxide
through a pores calle Stomata (estomas).
46.
47. In the leaves, raw sap and carbon dioxide react
using the solar energy, and glucose, water and
oxygen are produced.
Water + Mineral Salts + CO2 + Sunlight O2 + Glucose
48. Oxygen is released to the atmosphere.
Elaborated Sap (glucose disolved in water) is
distributed to all the plant cells using the Phloem
Vessels.
