Preliminary review of the Libra project from the perspective of standard setting boards. Also explains certain legal issues and challenges in structuring Libra based on the experience of reviewing central bank digital currencies.
Libra preliminary review from macro-prudential supervisory perspective
1. Preliminary Review
of the Libra Project
from a systemic and macro-prudential
supervisory perspective
July 1, 2019
Masakazu Masujima
(Date of birth: Oct 19 – Libra)
* English material available soon. Contact masakazu.masujima@mhm-global.com for any question.
2. Introduction
Mori Hamada & Matsumoto (“MHM”) is a full service law firm that has served clients with distinction since its
establishment, in December 2002, by the merger of Mori Sogo and Hamada & Matsumoto. The goal of MHM is to
consistently be the first firm that clients turn to and rely on when facing the most critical of issues, when confronting
the most complex of matters, and when needing the most expeditious resolution…
Offices: Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Beijing, Shanghai, Singapore, Bangkok, Yangon, Jakarta, Ho Chi Minh
Lawyers: 514 (132 partners)
Practice areas: M&As, Corporate Governance, Regulatory/Regulated Transactions, Finance, Infrastructure/Energy,
Dispute Resolution, Bankruptcy/Restructuring, Crisis Management, Competition/Antitrust,
Information Technology, Life Science, Intellectual Property, Tax, Wealth Management, Labor Law
Financial Regulation Practice Team: 22 partners
ex-FSA officials: 12
ex-BOJ: 2
ex-TSE: 3
FSA advisor: 1
Financial System Council member: 1
4. 暗号資産の国際規制に関する検討枠組み
関連する国際金融監督機関(standard setting bodies)
Financial Stability Board (FSB): 金融システム安定
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS): 銀行の信用リスクへの影響と金融システム監視
Committee for Payments and Market Infrastructure (CPMI): 決済システムの安定
International Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (IOSCO) : 市場インテグリティの確保、
投資者保護
Financial Action Task Force (FATF): マネロン・テロ資金供与リスクの管理
国際金融監督機関による暗号資産に対する総論的な評価
「国内法レベルでは、各規制当局がそれぞれの既存法制と整合するように様々な対応しているが、①どの法制
のもとに位置づけるか、②具体的な対応の内容、はそれぞれの既存法システムの相違を背景にバラバラ」
<理由>
暗号資産が、決済手段としての性質と市場性資産としての性質を併せ持ちつつ、いずれの規制枠組みにも
正面から当てはまらないため
- 暗号資産はもともといずれの規制にも当てはまらないように意図的に設計されていることもその一因
暗号資産規制に関する国際的な規制標準が存在しないため
5. Libra Projectに対する金融システム安定の観点からの評価
FSB “Crypto-assets markets, Potential channels for future financial stability implications” (Oct 10, 2018)
Overall, although some data gaps remain, it appears that risks to global financial stability are not significant at present, given the limited
size of crypto-asset markets relative to other financial markets and the limited interconnectedness between crypto-asset markets and the
regulated financial system. While the increase in prices was very large, and in fact larger than comparable historical asset bubbles, the
market capitalisation relative to other financial markets and comparators has remained small. If any of the risks factors above were to
change materially, this may warrant reassessment of financial stability risks. Moreover, such risks could arise first within specific
jurisdictions, where they could become relevant for domestic financial stability, before they became relevant for the global financial
system.
金融安定の観点からのリスクファクターの重要な転換点は2点
If crypto-assets become significantly more actively traded by financial institutions
If crypto-assets become significantly more widely used by the general public
27億人が潜在的なユーザーとなる以上、金融機関の受容の有無にかかわらず、Libraは転換点を踏んでいるとFSBから評価
される可能性が高いのではないか
システムの信認にかかるものであるため、規制当局はプロアクティブに動かなければならず、「まだそのようになっていない」
という議論は通用しない点に注意
7. Libraの法律構成の検討
Custodian
Bank
GovernmentCentral Bank
Deposit/
Fiat currency
Gov. bond
Reserve system
Regulators
Regulated as bank
Custodian
Bank
GovernmentCentral Bank
Deposit/
Fiat currency
Gov. bond
Reserve system
Custodian
Bank
GovernmentCentral Bank
Deposit/
Fiat currency
Gov. bond
Reserve system
SwitzerlandJurisdiction A Jurisdiction B
Libra Association
Regulated ?
Totally silent in WP
whether regulated or
not, or is willing to
Reseller Reseller Reseller Reseller Reseller
Beneficial interests Beneficial interests Beneficial interests
Random
Investors/ Libra
council
Libra security tokens
Control
YOU must be regulated as FMI at least!
Who the hell are you??
Wants to invite banks/VASPs
Intermediary Intermediary Intermediary Intermediary Intermediary Intermediary Intermediary Regulated as VASP, MVTS or FI
Distributorship agreement
End users/merchants