Ethical theories and principles bring significant characteristics to the decision-making process. Although all of the ethical theories attempt to follow the ethical principles in order to be applicable and valid by themselves, each theory falls short with complex flaws and failings. However, these ethical theories can be used in combination in order to obtain the most ethically correct answer possible for each scenario. For example, a utilitarian may use the casuistic theory and compare similar situations to his real life situation in order to determine the choice that will benefit the most people. The deontologist and the rule the rights ethical theory when deciding whether or not to speed to make it to the meeting on time. Instead of speeding, they would slow down because the law in the rights theory is given the highest priority, even if it means that the most people may not benefit from the decision to drive the speed limit. By using ethical theories in combination, one is able to use a variety of ways to analyze a situation in order to reach the most ethically correct decision possible. We are fortunate to have a variety of ethical theories that provide a substantial framework when trying to make ethically correct answers. Each ethical theory attempts to adhere to the ethical principles that lead to success when trying to reach the best decision. When one understands each individual theory, including its strengths and weaknesses, one can make the most informed decision when trying to achieve an ethically correct answer to a dilemma.

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2. • Prepared by • Prepared for
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4. • Define ethics and explain how ethical behavior relates
to behavior governed by law and free choice.
• Explain the utilitarian, individualism, moral-rights, and
justice approaches for evaluating ethical behavior.
• Describe how both individual and organizational
factors shape ethical decision making.
• Define corporate social responsibility and how to
evaluate it along economic, legal, ethical, and
discretionary criteria.
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5. The code of moral principles
and values that govern the
behaviors of a person or group
with respect to what is right or
Ethics should be firmly determined
wrong
Liabilities to society
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6. Domain of Codified Law Domain of Ethics Domain of Free Choice
(Legal Standard) (Social Standard) (Personal Standard)
Amount of
Explicit Control
High Low
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7. • alternative choices
• distinguish right from wrong
He is in a fix what to do 7

8. Most ethical dilemmas involve
Conflict between needs of the part &
whole
- Individual versus the organization
- Organization versus society as a
whole
Managers benefit from a normative
strategy to guide their decision making
- norms and values
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9. • Utilitarian Approach
• Individualism Approach
• Moral-Rights Approach
• Justice Approach
Different thinking
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10. ● Moral behavior produces
the greatest goods for
the greatest number
● Example – recent trend
among companies to
monitor employee use of
the Internet
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11. ● Acts are moral when they promote the individual's
best long-term interests, which ultimately leads to
the greater good
● Individual self-direction paramount
● Individualism is believed to lead to honesty &
integrity since that works best in the long run
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12. • Moral decisions are those that best
maintain the rights of those people
affected by them.
• An ethical decision is one that avoids
interfering with the fundamental rights
of others.
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13. 1. The right of free consent
2. The right to privacy
3. The right of freedom of conscience
4. The right of free speech
5. The right to due process
6. The right to life and safety
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14. • Moral Decisions must be based on standards of
equity, fairness, impartiality
Three types of Justice Approaches:
 Distributive Justice
 Procedural Justice
 Compensatory Justice
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15. • Different treatment of
people should not be based
on arbitrary characteristics
• In case of substantive
differences, people should
be treated differently in
proportion to the differences
among them
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16. • Rules should be clearly stated
• Rules should be consistently
and impartially enforced
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17. ● Individuals should be compensated for
the cost of their injuries by the party
responsible
● Individuals should not be held
responsible for matters they have no
control over
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18. • The Manager
• Levels or stages of moral
development
• Pre-conventional
• Conventional
• Post-conventional
• The Organization
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19. Level 3:Postconventional
Level 2:Conventional
Level1:Preconventional
Follows self-chosen principles of
Lives up to expectations of justice and right.
Follows rules to avoid others.
punishment.
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20. • Organization’s obligation
• good corporate citizen
• Difficulty in understanding
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21. Book distribution
Arsenic free water
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22. Food distribution
Repairing house
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23. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES ON THE CONTEXT OF BANGLADESH
Blood donation
Tree plantation
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24. • personal values of a single
manager
• Adopted values
• Fulfill obligations
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25. • Any group within or
outside the organization
that has a stake in the
organization’s performance
• Each stakeholder
– Has a different criterion of
responsiveness
– Has a different interest in
the company
• Monsanto
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26. Activist
Approach
Stakeholder
Approach
Market Approach
Legal Approach
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