Macruby - RubyConf Presentation 2010

MACRUBYA p p l e ’ s R u b y
M a t t A i m o n e t t i - R u b y C o n f X - N o v 2 0 1 0
Friday, November 12, 2010

ABOUT ME

Hacker

MacRuby

http://macruby.labs.oreilly.com/

MACRUBYA p p l e ’ s R u b y

MacRuby
YARV
Parser
GC
Runtime
Stdlib
Builtin classes
Ruby 1.9

MacRuby
LLVM/Roxor
Parser Stdlib
AOT JIT
Obj-C Runtime
libobjc
libauto
Builtin Classes
CoreFoundation
MacRuby

MacRuby
LLVM/Roxor
Parser Stdlib
AOT JIT
Obj-C Runtime
libobjc
libauto
Builtin Classes
CoreFoundation
YARV
Parser
GC
Runtime
Stdlib
Builtin classes
Ruby1.9

MacRuby
LLVM

JIT Compilation
MacRuby

JIT CompilationMacRuby
Ruby AST
LLVM IR
Machine
Code
CPU
Transforms the AST into LLVM
intermediate representation
... optimizes it
... compiles it to machine code
... and executes it!
Very good performance for algorithmic
operations

AOT Compilation
MacRuby

AOT CompilationMacRuby
Ruby AST
LLVM IR
Machine
Code
Mach-O
Object File
CLI tool or Xcode
... applies more optimizations
... and saves the machine code to disk
... faster bootstrap time
Can be used to obfuscate the source
code

NO GIL
No Global Interpreter Lock

GC Thread Thread
VM VM VM
Core

MULTI-THREADED
GENERATIONAL
GC

NATIVE ACCESS
TO COCOA

WHEN .
TO USE
MACRUBY?
NOT

YOU DON’T HAVE A MAC

LINUX HOSTING

YOU DON’T WANTTO LEARN

WHAT’S NEW?

COCOA DEV
IS STABLE

DNA Sequencing
by Hampton Catlin

AOT
COMPILATION

MacRuby: Definitive Guide
Hello World Example

framework 'AppKit'
class AppDelegate
def applicationDidFinishLaunching(notification)
voice_type = "com.apple.speech.synthesis.voice.GoodNews"
@voice = NSSpeechSynthesizer.alloc.initWithVoice(voice_type)
end
def windowWillClose(notification)
puts "Bye!"
exit
end
def say_hello(sender)
@voice.startSpeakingString("Hello World!")
puts "Hello World!"
end
end
app = NSApplication.sharedApplication
app.delegate = AppDelegate.new
window = NSWindow.alloc.initWithContentRect([200, 300, 300, 100],
styleMask:NSTitledWindowMask|NSClosableWindowMask|NSMiniaturizableWindowMask,
backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered,
defer:false)
window.title = 'MacRuby: The Definitive Guide'
window.level = 3
window.delegate = app.delegate
button = NSButton.alloc.initWithFrame([80, 10, 120, 80])
button.bezelStyle = 4
button.title = 'Hello World!'
button.target = app.delegate
button.action = 'say_hello:'
window.contentView.addSubview(button)
window.display
window.orderFrontRegardless
app.run
hello_world.rb

$ macrubyc hello_world.rb -o demo
$ file demo
demo:
Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
$ ./demo
Compile to machine code

w00t!!

Create compiled/
dynamic libraries
$ macrubyc file1.rb file2.rb
-o shared.dylib --dylib
$ macrubyc other_project_source.rb
shared.dylib -o example
$ ./example

DEBUGGER

characters = %w{Adama Apollo Baltar Roslin
StarBuck Six}
def cylon?(character)
false # buggy detector
end
characters.each do |character|
if cylon?(character)
puts "#{character} is a Cylon!"
else
puts "#{character} is not a cylon."
end
end

$ macruby cylon_detector.rb
Adama is not a cylon.
Apollo is not a cylon.
Baltar is not a cylon.
Roslin is not a cylon.
StarBuck is not a cylon.
Six is not a cylon.
Buggy code :(

$ macrubyd cylon_detector.rb
Starting program.
1!characters = %w{Adama Apollo
Baltar Roslin StarBuck Six}
cylon_detector.rb:1>
Debug the detector live

b cylon_detector.rb:8
if character == 'Six'
Added breakpoint 1.
Added a breakpoint on a
specific file/line based on
a condition

cylon_detector.rb:1> c
Adama is not a cylon.
Apollo is not a cylon.
Baltar is not a cylon.
Roslin is not a cylon.
StarBuck is not a cylon.
8! if cylon?(character)
Breaks on condition

p character
=> "Six"
p cylon?(character)
=> false
Bug confirmed :(

p def cylon?(character)
character == 'Six'
end
ZOMG live bug fixing!

cylon_detector.rb:8> c
Six is a Cylon!
Program exited.
w00t!!

GCD API
https://github.com/MacRuby/MacRuby/tree/trunk/lib/dispatch/

Threads can becomplicated to program:(

Global Interpreter Lock
VM

Slow :(

Full concurrency via
multiple processes :(

Safe data :)

MacRuby doesn’t have
a global VM lock

MacRuby
VM
Core
VM
VM

Good but not good
enough, threads are still
a pain in the butt!

libdispatch

Let GCD figure out how
many threads to use!
require 'dispatch'
job = Dispatch::Job.new { slow_operation }
job.value # => “wait for the result”

Asynchronous API
require 'dispatch'
job = Dispatch::Job.new { slow_operation }
job.value do |v|
"asynchronous dispatch when done!"
end

Elegant wrapper API
require 'dispatch'
job = Dispatch::Job.new
job.add { slow_operation(a) }
job.add { slow_operation(b) }
job.add { slow_operation(c) }
job.join
job.values # =>[result_a, result_b, result_c]

Dispatch Enumerable
Parallel Iterations
require 'dispatch'
geeks.p_each do |user|
print find_pair(user)
end

Remember: MacRuby
doesn’t have a global
VM lock!

Serial queues:
lock free synchronization

require 'dispatch'
@scores = job.synchronize Hash.new
[user1, user2, user3].each do |user|
job.add
{ @scores[user.name] = calculate(user) }
end
job.join
@scores[user1.name] # => 1042

require 'dispatch'
@scores = job.synchronize Hash.new
[user1, user2, user3].each do |user|
job.add
{ @scores[user.name] = calculate(user) }
end
job.join
safe proxy object

CONTROLTOWER
http://github.com/MacRuby/ControlTower

http://github.com/MacRuby/ControlTower
Web server for
Rack apps

NEW DISPATCHER

ONIGURUMA
TO ICU

MORE SOLID
FOUNDATIONS

SUPPORT FOR C
BLOCKS

SANDBOX

$ macirb --simple-prompt
>> require 'open-uri'
=> true
>> begin
>> Sandbox.no_internet.apply!
>> open('http://www.macruby.org')
>> rescue SystemCallError => exception
>> puts exception
>> end
Operation not permitted - connect(2)
=> nil

•Sandbox.pure_computation
•Sandbox.no_internet
•Sandbox.no_network
•Sandbox.temporary_writes
•Sandbox.no_writes
5 default profiles

APP STORE

Great exposure!

Better user
experience

Reinvent
desktop apps

/Developer/Examples/Ruby/MacRuby/
What can you do
with MacRuby?!

Speech
Recognizer

CoreLocation

Address
Book.app

String Tokenizer

framework 'Foundation'
class String
def language
CFStringTokenizerCopyBestStringLanguage(self,
CFRangeMake(0, self.size))
end
end
Call a C function
directly

framework 'Foundation'
class String
def language
CFStringTokenizerCopyBestStringLanguage(self,
CFRangeMake(0, self.size))
end
end
["Bonne année!", "Happy new year!", "¡Feliz año
nuevo!", "Felice anno nuovo!", "‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪة‬ ‫,"أﻋﻴﺎد‬
"明けましておめでとうございます。"].each do |msg|
puts "#{msg} (#{msg.language})"
end

Bonne année! (fr)
Happy new year! (en)
¡Feliz año nuevo! (es)
Felice anno nuovo! (it)
(ar) ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪة‬ ‫أﻋﻴﺎد‬
明けましておめでとうございます。 (ja)

BluetoothHardware
WebKit
JS Bridge

http://macruby.org
download & dble click
No conﬂict with your Rubies

@merbist
http://merbist.com
http://macruby.labs.oreilly.com
http://github.com/mattetti

Macruby - RubyConf Presentation 2010

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