Plc & scada seminar

1. Training Seminar
On
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
PRESENTED BY: Chandramaul Sen
Electrical Engineering
3611605
Department of Electrical Engineering
GEETA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY,
KURUKSHETRA, INDIA

2. Introduction to
Organisation

3. Advance Technology, Chandigarh
Advance Technology, Chandigarh is an ISO 9001:2008
Certified Company deals in the field of Hardware
Development, Embedded Products Development, Security
& Surveillance and Engineers Training Programs.
Advance Technology offer various Technical Education
solutions, Products & Development tools to Engineering
colleges, Universities, research organizations.
Advance Technology has developed a number for private
as well government organizations.

4. PROGRAMMABLE
LOGIC
CONTROLLER

5. PLC
The PLC is an assembly of solid state
digital logic elements design to make
logical decisions and provide outputs.
PLC is programmed interface
between input sensor &output
device.

6. Programmable Logic Controllers
Sequential logic solver
PID Calculations.
Advanced Subroutines
BIT Operations.
Data Transfer.
Text Handling.

7. Programmable Logic Controllers
Applications :
 Machine controls, Packaging, Material handling, similar Sequential
task as well as Process control
Advantages of PLC :
 They are fast and designed for the rugged industrial environment.
 They are attractive on Cost-Per-Point Basis.
 These Devices are less Proprietary ( E.g.. Using Open Bus Interface.)
 These Systems are upgraded more Capabilities with dedicated PID
and Ethernet Modules.
Disadvantages of PLC :
 PLC one time cost is high
 To maximize PLC performance a number of IO Modules to be added.
 PLC hold only one copy of program.

8. P L C Components(Hardware)
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
Input Modules
Output Modules
Power Supply
Bus system
Rack(Rail)

10. Central Processing Unit
It is a micro-controller based circuitry. The CPU
consists of following blocks :
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Program memory
Process image memory (Internal memory of CPU)
Internal timers ,counters and Flags .
CPU performs the task necessary to fulfill the PLC
functions. i.e. Scanning I/O bus traffic control, Program
execution, Peripheral and External device
communication, data handling and self diagnostics.

11. Input module
These modules act as interface between real-time status of process
variable and the CPU.
 Analog input module : Typical input to these modules is
4-20 mA, 0-10 V
 Ex : Pressure, Flow, Level Tx, RTD (Ohm), Thermocouple
(mV)
Digital input module : Typical input to these modules is 24 V DC,
115 V AC, 230 V AC
 Ex. : Switches, Pushbuttons, Relays, pump valve on off status

12. OOuuttppuutt mmoodduullee
These modules act as link between the CPU and the output
devices in the field.
 Analog output module : Typical output from these modules is 4-
20 mA, 0-10 V
 Ex : Control Valve
Digital output module : Typical output from these modules is 24 V
DC, 115 V AC, 230 V AC
 Ex. : Solenoid Valves, lamps, Actuators, Pump valve on off
control

13. I/O MODULE SPECIFICATION
 COST
 INPUT VOLTAGE
 ON-STATE INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE
 AMBIENT TEMP RATING
 INPUT DELAY –
 NOMINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE
 MAX O/P CURRENT
 ELECTRICAL ISOLATION –

14. Power Supply
The power supply gives the voltage required for electronics
module (I/O, CPU, memory unit) of the PLC from the line
supply.
The power supply provides isolation necessary to protect the
solid state devices from most high voltage line spikes.
As I/O is expanded, some PLC may require additional power
supplies in order to maintain proper power levels.

15. Advantage of PLC Over Relay
RELAY PLC
1-More wiring 1-Less wiring
2-Changes difficult 2-Changes easy
3-More power 3-Low power
4-More maintenance 4-Solid state reliability
5-Difficult to expand 5 -Easy to expand

16. PLC Cycle
Sense the Input
Process the Logic
Give Output
Inputs CPU Outputs

17. Configuration of PLC : Allen Bradley
CPU
Power Supply
I/O Modules

18. PLC Programming Standards
 Ladder Diagram
 Function Block Diagram
 Sequential Function Chart
 Structured Text Language

19. PLC Selection Criteria
Cost of hardware,
I/O requirement
CPU memory
 Spare parts& Maintenance,
Reliability,
Flexibility&
Integration of High-level Application.
Compatible Protocol

20. PLC : Protocol
• It is a set of rules for data transmission when PLC is
connected to network
• RS-232 (Recommended standard)
• RS-485
• MPI(Multi point Interface)
• Profibus
• DH(Data Highway)
• Ethernate
• Controlnet

21. PLC Applications
Program of Bottle Filling Plant

22. Program of Bottle Filling Plant

23. Program of Blinking of 2 Lamps

24. Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition
(SCADA)

25. SCADA
It is a purely software package that is positioned on
top of hardware to which it is interfaced, in general
via Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), or other
commercial hardware modules.
 SCADA systems are used not only in industrial
processes: e.g. steel making, power generation
(conventional and nuclear) and distribution, chemistry,
but also in some experimental facilities such as nuclear
fusion. The sizes of such plants are range from a few
1000 to several 10 thousands input/output (I/O) channels.

26. Hardware Architecture
One distinguishes two basic layers in a SCADA system: the "client layer"
which caters for the man machine interaction and the "data server layer" which
handles most of the process data control activities.
The data servers communicate with devices in the field through process
controllers. Process controllers, e.g. PLCs, are connected to the data servers
either directly or via networks or field buses that are proprietary (e.g. Siemens
H1), or non-proprietary (e.g. Profibus).
Data servers are connected to each other and to client stations via an Ethernet
LAN. The data servers and client stations are NT platforms but for many
products the client stations may also be W95 machines.

27. Hardware Architecture

28. Advantages & Disadvantages of
SCADA

29. Advantages
• Increase Efficiency
- Minimize Fault Response Time
- Reduce Planned Downtimes
- Isolate and Precisely Locate Faults
• Maximize Profitability
- Reduce Failures / Unplanned Downtimes
- Reduce Operations Overhead
- Reduce Manpower Requirement
- Maximize (Achieve Expected) Equipment Life Time
• Maximize Safety
- Public Safety
- Site Safety

30. Disadvantages
• Cost is high to install and maintain.
• Additional system failure modes and can
be a security loophole.

31. Thank You