The document discusses how to properly cite sources using APA style. There are three ways to include outside information in work: directly quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing. Direct quotes use exact words in quotation marks with author and date cited. Paraphrasing rephrases main ideas in the writer's own words with author and date cited. Summarizing captures main ideas in shorter form using the writer's own words. Sources only need to be cited if they are not common knowledge or original to the writer. The document provides examples of how to correctly cite sources using APA style both in-text and for quotations.

1. Paraphrasing, Quoting &
Summarizing
How to use and credit sources
using APA Style

2. What needs to be cited?
Any ideas, quotations, diagrams, images, video, or audio in your work
that are not your own.
There are three ways to include (or cite) a source in your text:
● Summary - captures main ideas in shorter form and in
your own words
● Paraphrase - all the main points in the same order, but
in your own words and without elaboration
● Quotation - exact words of author in quotation marks

3. What does not have to be cited?
•Common knowledge
•Facts found in numerous places
•Your own original ideas and language

4. Harris, Robert A. The Plagiarism Handbook. Los
Angeles: Pyrczak, 2001.

5. How do you cite correctly?
Quotation
● Use: Put quotes around
the borrowed language
● Credit: Included in text
or at end of quote in
parentheses put author,
year and page*
*Additional rules in handout
Paraphrase
● Use: Your own words to
rephrase or summarize
● Credit: At end of paraphrase
in parentheses put author,
date and page (preferred)

6. Citing in-text – quotes (less than 40
words)
•Use exact language of the original and put in quotation
marks.
•Author, year and page included in text or in parentheses at
end of quotation after punctuation.
“Critics have made several arguments against the common core. Some say the standards are being
crammed into classrooms by the federal government in a power grab of questionable legality. They
and others say that the common core is a national curriculum in disguise, that claims about its rigor
are inflated, or that it sets unrealistic expectations.” (Ujifusa, 2013, p.1)

7. Block Quote (more than 40 words:
use indentation)
Implementation of the common core will require significant investment in
teaching training:
Many in education contend that the common standards demand significant
changes in pedagogy, and, in some cases, teachers' content knowledge.
In math, for instance, students are being asked to demonstrate their
understanding not only of procedures, but also of their conceptual
underpinnings. In English/language arts, they're expected to marshal
evidence from what they read to support arguments and build their muscle
with informational texts. (Gewertz, 2013, p.1)
Gewertz, C. (2013). Standards Worrying Teachers. Education Week, 32(22), 1.

8. Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing should sound like you, using vocabulary and
sentence structures that the reader will recognize as your
work. The justification for paraphrasing is generally to add
clarity thereby making your writing easier to read.
Therefore a good paraphrase is a complete restatement of
the original text but in language of your own which fits
better with your purpose and style.

9. Use a signal phrase - 1
A signal phrase signals to the reader that cited material follows.
Signal Phrases can be a single word, phrase, or sentence.
They should appear before a quote, paraphrase, or summary.
They often include verbs; be sure your word choice fits the context of the
source and any opinion you want to express about the quote.
According to Caplan (2005), "very few people have 20/20 vision. Being able to see well is crucial to success in
some sports" (p. 593).

10. Signal Phrases - 2
Common Signal Phrases
● Author argues that
● Author states that
● Author believes that
● Author claims that
● Author implies that
● Author reports that
● Author suggests that
● According to author,
● In his/her book, <Title>, <author>
maintains that
● The main point of author’s
argument is
Examples:
According to Dr. Clotile Galbraith,
Associate Professor of Education at
Stevenson University...
Dr. C Galbraith (personal
communication, November 18, 2013)
distinguishes between/among . . .

11. Citing in text - paraphrase
As the Common Core debate heats up, we’ve heard a lot from policy makers, politicians, and even TV
talk show hosts about the challenges posed by the new standards and whether they’ll help or hurt
education. With all the chatter, the voices of the professionals who are actually responsible for
implementing the Common Core have been all but drowned out in the mainstream media.
Long, C. (2013, May 10). Six ways the common core is good for students. NEA
Today. Retrieved from http://neatoday.org/2013/05/10/six-ways-the-common-core-is-good-for-students/

12. Is it a legitimate paraphrase?
As the Common Core debate heats up, we’ve
heard a lot from policy makers, politicians, and
even TV talk show hosts about the challenges
posed by the new standards and whether they’ll
help or hurt education. With all the chatter, the
voices of the professionals who are actually
responsible for implementing the Common Core
have been all but drowned out in the mainstream
media.
There is a great deal of debate from
all corners about the Common Core
standards and their effects but
educators who have to implement
these changes are lost in the din.
(Long, 2013, para. 1)
Long, C. (2013, May 10). Six ways the common core is good for students. NEA
Today. Retrieved from http://neatoday.org/2013/05/10/six-ways-the-common-core-is-good-for-students/

13. Is it a legitimate paraphrase?
As the Common Core debate heats up, we’ve
heard a lot from policy makers, politicians, and
even TV talk show hosts about the challenges
posed by the new standards and whether they’ll
help or hurt education. With all the chatter, the
voices of the professionals who are actually
responsible for implementing the Common Core
have been all but drowned out in the mainstream
media.
In the public uproar over the Common
Core, there’s a lot of blather from
wonks, baby-kissers, and talking
heads about whether it’ll be the
greatest thing since sliced bread or
the end of the world, but pooh-bahs in
the field toiling to make it real get no
attention. (Long, 2013, para. 1)
Long, C. (2013, May 10). Six ways the common core is good for students. NEA
Today. Retrieved from http://neatoday.org/2013/05/10/six-ways-the-common-core-is-good-for-students/

14. Is it a legitimate paraphrase?
As the Common Core debate heats up, we’ve
heard a lot from policy makers, politicians, and
even TV talk show hosts about the challenges
posed by the new standards and whether they’ll
help or hurt education. With all the chatter, the
voices of the professionals who are actually
responsible for implementing the Common Core
have been all but drowned out in the mainstream
media.
Long (2013) asserts in the ongoing
heated debate amongst “policy
makers, politicians, and even TV talk
show hosts” over whether the
implementation problems with the
Common Core standards will help or
hurt, the professional educators with
hands-on responsibility cannot be
heard. (para. 1)
Long, C. (2013, May 10). Six ways the common core is good for students. NEA
Today. Retrieved from http://neatoday.org/2013/05/10/six-ways-the-common-core-is-good-for-students/