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CROSS	
  MEDIA	
  STUDY:	
  Research	
  
•  Audiences	
  and	
  how	
  they	
  receive	
  and	
  respond	
  to	
  (and	
  create)	
  texts.	
  The	
  
power	
  and	
  control	
  audiences	
  have.	
  Do	
  audiences	
  differ	
  across	
  plaEorms	
  
for	
  the	
  same	
  main	
  text?	
  
•  Ins*tu*onal	
  contexts	
  including	
  the	
  relaJonship	
  with	
  the	
  adverJsing	
  
industry,	
  the	
  level	
  of	
  independence/	
  corporateness	
  and	
  how	
  this	
  may	
  
influence	
  the	
  producJon	
  and	
  content	
  of	
  texts,	
  the	
  brand	
  values,	
  the	
  elite	
  
dominant	
  ideologies	
  presented.	
  Know	
  the	
  values	
  or	
  mission	
  of	
  the	
  
InsJtuJons!	
  
•  Representa*ons	
  available	
  within	
  the	
  texts	
  and	
  how	
  these	
  are	
  constructed.	
  
Are	
  stereotypes	
  used	
  in	
  different	
  plaEorms?	
  What	
  is	
  included	
  in	
  one	
  
plaEorm	
  and	
  ignored	
  in	
  another?	
  	
  
•  NarraJve	
  and	
  genre	
  codes	
  and	
  conven*ons	
  within	
  the	
  individual	
  texts	
  
and	
  across	
  the	
  topic,	
  accounJng	
  for	
  similariJes	
  and	
  differences	
  in	
  codes	
  
and	
  convenJons	
  across	
  the	
  media.	
  How	
  doe	
  the	
  codes	
  change	
  meaning?	
  
•  Features	
  and	
  issues	
  such	
  as	
  synergy,	
  cross-­‐media	
  promoJon,	
  public	
  
service	
  remit	
  and	
  other	
  obligaJons,	
  censorship	
  and	
  control,	
  news	
  and	
  
entertainment	
  values,	
  the	
  technologies	
  used	
  in	
  the	
  produc*on	
  and	
  
recep*on	
  process	
  
Cross	
  Media	
  Study:	
  PlaEorms	
  
EMEDIA	
  
•  Text	
  is	
  accessible	
  on	
  many	
  
devices	
  
•  InteracJve	
  with	
  text	
  	
  
•  InteracJve	
  with	
  ins*tu*on	
  
•  Mulitple	
  narra*ves	
  
•  Audiences	
  can	
  produce	
  and	
  
generate	
  content	
  
•  Audiences	
  can	
  self-­‐represent	
  
•  Audiences	
  can	
  interact	
  with	
  
friends	
  via	
  social	
  networking	
  
•  Liberally	
  pluralisJc	
  –does	
  not	
  
have	
  elite,	
  ins*tu*onal	
  
dominant	
  ideology	
  
•  Visual	
  codes	
  &	
  conven*ons	
  –	
  
media	
  language	
  
•  Audiences	
  can	
  control	
  and	
  
personalise	
  content	
  for	
  their	
  
own	
  idenJty,	
  preferences	
  
and	
  graJficaJon.	
  
•  Text	
  is	
  temporary	
  /dynamic	
  
•  Unregulated	
  /uncensored	
  but	
  
sJll	
  large	
  elite	
  ins*tu*onal	
  	
  
presence.	
  
PRINT	
  
•  Text	
  SJll	
  enjoyed	
  as	
  a	
  
physical	
  product	
  
•  Marxist	
  –	
  elite	
  text	
  with	
  
dominant	
  ideologies	
  
communicated	
  to	
  mass	
  /
niche	
  audiences	
  
•  Single	
  narra*ve	
  of	
  ins***ons	
  
•  Text	
  created	
  by	
  ins*tu*ons	
  
who	
  are	
  primary	
  definers	
  
•  Audience	
  have	
  no	
  
opportunity	
  for	
  interacJon	
  –	
  
one-­‐way	
  messaging	
  -­‐	
  bias	
  
•  Need	
  for	
  commercial	
  success.	
  
Ins*tu*ons	
  driven	
  by	
  
economic	
  factors	
  –	
  	
  reward	
  
for	
  loyal	
  consumers	
  
exclusives,	
  must	
  haves	
  etc.	
  
collector	
  ediJons,	
  shock	
  and	
  
emoJve	
  content	
  
•  Visual	
  codes	
  and	
  conven*ons	
  
–	
  media	
  language	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  
text/wri]en	
  codes	
  of	
  
persuasion/opinion/fact	
  etc.	
  
•  Censored	
  &	
  regulated	
  
BROADCAST	
  
•  Text	
  not	
  always	
  accessible	
  
unless	
  through	
  convergence	
  
of	
  Emedia	
  
•  Marxist	
  –	
  elite	
  texts	
  with	
  
dominant	
  ideologies	
  
communicated	
  to	
  mass	
  /	
  
niche	
  audiences	
  
•  Text	
  created	
  by	
  ins*tu*ons	
  
who	
  are	
  primary	
  definers	
  
•  Single	
  narra*ves	
  of	
  
ins*tu*ons	
  
•  Audience	
  encouraged	
  
interact	
  through	
  convergence	
  
•  Ins*tu*ons	
  driven	
  by	
  need	
  
for	
  commercial	
  success	
  –	
  
rewarding	
  loyal	
  audiences,	
  
exclusives,	
  compeJJons,	
  
series,	
  franchises	
  etc.	
  
•  Can	
  use	
  stereotypical	
  
representa*ons	
  to	
  
communicate	
  meaning	
  
clearly	
  and	
  quickly	
  
•  Censored	
  and	
  regulated	
  
The	
  key	
  to	
  this	
  is:	
  Whatever	
  the	
  topic	
  of	
  your	
  quesJon	
  (audience,	
  narraJve,	
  commercial	
  
factors	
  etc.)	
  focus	
  on	
  the	
  ‘medium	
  is	
  the	
  message’	
  Marshall	
  McLuhan.	
  How	
  does	
  the	
  
plaEorm	
  change	
  the	
  construcJon/content	
  of	
  the	
  text	
  and	
  the	
  experience	
  for	
  the	
  audience?	
  

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AS Cross Media Study

  • 1. CROSS  MEDIA  STUDY:  Research   •  Audiences  and  how  they  receive  and  respond  to  (and  create)  texts.  The   power  and  control  audiences  have.  Do  audiences  differ  across  plaEorms   for  the  same  main  text?   •  Ins*tu*onal  contexts  including  the  relaJonship  with  the  adverJsing   industry,  the  level  of  independence/  corporateness  and  how  this  may   influence  the  producJon  and  content  of  texts,  the  brand  values,  the  elite   dominant  ideologies  presented.  Know  the  values  or  mission  of  the   InsJtuJons!   •  Representa*ons  available  within  the  texts  and  how  these  are  constructed.   Are  stereotypes  used  in  different  plaEorms?  What  is  included  in  one   plaEorm  and  ignored  in  another?     •  NarraJve  and  genre  codes  and  conven*ons  within  the  individual  texts   and  across  the  topic,  accounJng  for  similariJes  and  differences  in  codes   and  convenJons  across  the  media.  How  doe  the  codes  change  meaning?   •  Features  and  issues  such  as  synergy,  cross-­‐media  promoJon,  public   service  remit  and  other  obligaJons,  censorship  and  control,  news  and   entertainment  values,  the  technologies  used  in  the  produc*on  and   recep*on  process  
  • 2. Cross  Media  Study:  PlaEorms   EMEDIA   •  Text  is  accessible  on  many   devices   •  InteracJve  with  text     •  InteracJve  with  ins*tu*on   •  Mulitple  narra*ves   •  Audiences  can  produce  and   generate  content   •  Audiences  can  self-­‐represent   •  Audiences  can  interact  with   friends  via  social  networking   •  Liberally  pluralisJc  –does  not   have  elite,  ins*tu*onal   dominant  ideology   •  Visual  codes  &  conven*ons  –   media  language   •  Audiences  can  control  and   personalise  content  for  their   own  idenJty,  preferences   and  graJficaJon.   •  Text  is  temporary  /dynamic   •  Unregulated  /uncensored  but   sJll  large  elite  ins*tu*onal     presence.   PRINT   •  Text  SJll  enjoyed  as  a   physical  product   •  Marxist  –  elite  text  with   dominant  ideologies   communicated  to  mass  / niche  audiences   •  Single  narra*ve  of  ins***ons   •  Text  created  by  ins*tu*ons   who  are  primary  definers   •  Audience  have  no   opportunity  for  interacJon  –   one-­‐way  messaging  -­‐  bias   •  Need  for  commercial  success.   Ins*tu*ons  driven  by   economic  factors  –    reward   for  loyal  consumers   exclusives,  must  haves  etc.   collector  ediJons,  shock  and   emoJve  content   •  Visual  codes  and  conven*ons   –  media  language  as  well  as   text/wri]en  codes  of   persuasion/opinion/fact  etc.   •  Censored  &  regulated   BROADCAST   •  Text  not  always  accessible   unless  through  convergence   of  Emedia   •  Marxist  –  elite  texts  with   dominant  ideologies   communicated  to  mass  /   niche  audiences   •  Text  created  by  ins*tu*ons   who  are  primary  definers   •  Single  narra*ves  of   ins*tu*ons   •  Audience  encouraged   interact  through  convergence   •  Ins*tu*ons  driven  by  need   for  commercial  success  –   rewarding  loyal  audiences,   exclusives,  compeJJons,   series,  franchises  etc.   •  Can  use  stereotypical   representa*ons  to   communicate  meaning   clearly  and  quickly   •  Censored  and  regulated   The  key  to  this  is:  Whatever  the  topic  of  your  quesJon  (audience,  narraJve,  commercial   factors  etc.)  focus  on  the  ‘medium  is  the  message’  Marshall  McLuhan.  How  does  the   plaEorm  change  the  construcJon/content  of  the  text  and  the  experience  for  the  audience?