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Tissues
- 1. BTEC Level 3 in Health and Social Care
- 3. You CAN NOT SAY: Chocolate Fountain Thornton's
- 4. You CAN NOT SAY: Worm Snake Insect
- 5. You CAN NOT SAY: Vision Glasses Frames
- 6. You CAN NOT SAY: Washing Clothes Water Kitchen Machine
- 7. You CAN NOT SAY: Football Kick Team ANY FOOTBALLERS NAMES!
- 8. To classify tissue cells To Investigate tissues in organs
- 9. Cells form Tissues Tissues form Organs Organs form Systems Systems form Whole Body
- 10. LO1 – Match up tissue function to its special features. LO2 – Investigate Cytology and Histology. LO3 – Research chosen tissue for assignment generation.
- 11. Fundamental unit of life Have all properties of being alive ◦ Respond to stimuli ◦ Engage in metabolic activity ◦ Reproduce itself All tissues & organs in body formed of cells Individual cells perform functions for body Special cells carry out very specific functions
- 12. Cells are specialized for particular functions Tissues Groups of cells with similar structure and function Four primary types Epithelium Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle
- 13. LO1 – Match up tissue function to its special features. LO2 – Investigate Cytology and Histology. LO3 – Research chosen tissue for assignment generation.
- 14. Use your homework notes and check the information with what you can see around the room. Produce a POSTER of: 1. An annotated diagram of an animal cell showing all organelles and labels describing their function. 2. The 4 Tissue Types found in human body (Epithelium, Connective, Nervous and Muscle tissue) You need: A detailed diagram of EACH tissue A description of your tissue An example of your tissue location in the human body
- 15. Epithelial tissue or Epithelium Simple Stratified
- 16. Shape of cells Squamous – flattened Cuboidal – cube- shaped Columnar – column-like
- 17. Epithelium is found throughout the body and is composed of close- packed cells that form the covering or lining of body structures. Epithelial tissue lines internal organs body cavities and vessels and found in glands and is surface layer of skin Function: PROTECTION of underlying structures [from dehydration, chemical or mechanical damage] Examples of epithelium: top of the skin (EPIDERMIS) and the lining of the stomach and Colon are epithelial tissue. In addition, to forming a protective barrier, epithelium may be specialised to absorb substances (such as nutrients from the intestine), secrete substances (such as sweat glands), or excrete waste (such as in kidney tubules). SIMPLE: single layer specialized for secretion, absorption, filtration and excretion STRATIFIED: 2 or more layers for wear and tear Excellent regeneration - the skin is replaced every 3 weeks and the intestinal lining every 2-3 days
- 18. Simple SQUAMOUS (pavement) flattened cells disc-shaped nucleus form thin and smooth membrane line alveoli, heart and BV & lymph vessels aka endothelium. Simple CUBOIDAL cube-shaped cells; spherical nucleus, close together on a basement membrane found in kidney tubules and some glands Simple COLUMNAR oblong shaped cells, elongated nucleus sitting on basement membrane, tissue lining the gut: range of cells Simple CILIATED cilia microscopic hair like projections on free surface of the cell line some passageways eg airways use wave like movement to move materials in one direction eg mucus towards the throat STRATIFIED (several layers) epithelium consists of several layers of cells of different shapes which grow from bottom layer up, main function is to protect underlying structures from wear and tear Stratified SQUAMOUS deeper layers cells are more columnar as they mature and are pushed up they become flattened until they are shed Keratinised (dry surfaces) eg skin hair nails surface layer of cells are dead and contain a hard waterproof protein (keratin). Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found on wet surfaces that are subject to wear and tear eg lining the mouth the pharynx and oesophagus Stratified CUBOIDAL found in ducts of sweat glands and male urethra for PROTRECTION
- 19. Functions: Binds body tissues together Supports the body Provides protection Supporting and Protecting tissue in body structures Performs different functions depending on its location Bone Cartilage Tendons Adipose
- 20. Nervous tissue composed of cells – Neurons and Neurolgia Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body This tissue forms the BRAIN, SPINAL CHORD and NERVES
- 21. Produces movement in body by contracting Composed of individual muscle fibers Three basic types of muscles ◦ Skeletal muscle – attached to bones ◦ Smooth muscle – internal organs ◦ Cardiac muscle –in the heart Voluntary (under conscious control) Involuntary
- 22. LO1 – Match up tissue function to its special features. LO2 – Investigate Cytology and Histology. LO3 – Research chosen tissue for assignment generation.
Editor's Notes
- CYTOLOGY the study of cells the cell is the fundamental unit - the smallest structure of the body that is living in its own way - it is usually microscopic each cell therefore requires nutrients, oxygen, water, specific pH and suitable temperature it is able to respond to changes in its environment, respond to stimuli, carry out metabolic functions (energy production and excretion) and able to reproduce themselves To keep the surface area proportional to the volume of the cell / Some cells divide continually - skin cells / Some lose the ability - CNS cells vary in form and size each has a structure adapted to its particular function - over 200 cell types specialised cells have very specialised functions, eg: muscle cells contract, nerve cells can transmit electrical impulses, cells in lungs take in oxygen, cells in digestive system absorb nutrients cells specialise in function for efficiency, if all cells had to do all things then would be large and not able to work as efficiently as they perhaps could more functions to go wrong? CYTOLOGY the study of cells the cell is the fundamental unit - the smallest structure of the body that is living in its own way - it is usually microscopic each cell therefore requires nutrients, oxygen, water, specific pH and suitable temperature it is able to respond to changes in its environment, respond to stimuli, carry out metabolic functions (energy production and excretion) and able to reproduce themselves To keep the surface area proportional to the volume of the cell / Some cells divide continually - skin cells / Some lose the ability - CNS cells vary in form and size each has a structure adapted to its particular function - over 200 cell types specialised cells have very specialised functions, eg: muscle cells contract, nerve cells can transmit electrical impulses, cells in lungs take in oxygen, cells in digestive system absorb nutrients cells specialise in function for efficiency, if all cells had to do all things then would be large and not able to work as efficiently as they perhaps could more functions to go wrong? CYTOLOGY the study of cells the cell is the fundamental unit - the smallest structure of the body that is living in its own way - it is usually microscopic each cell therefore requires nutrients, oxygen, water, specific pH and suitable temperature it is able to respond to changes in its environment, respond to stimuli, carry out metabolic functions (energy production and excretion) and able to reproduce themselves To keep the surface area proportional to the volume of the cell / Some cells divide continually - skin cells / Some lose the ability - CNS cells vary in form and size each has a structure adapted to its particular function - over 200 cell types specialised cells have very specialised functions, eg: muscle cells contract, nerve cells can transmit electrical impulses, cells in lungs take in oxygen, cells in digestive system absorb nutrients cells specialise in function for efficiency, if all cells had to do all things then would be large and not able to work as efficiently as they perhaps could more functions to go wrong?
- Histology – the study of tissue Groups of cells and associated materials work together to perform a specialized activity 4 types - epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
- Epithelium is found throughout the body and is composed of close-packed cells that form the covering or lining of body structures. Epithelial tissue lines internal organs body cavities and vessels and found in glands and is surface layer of skin structure related to function: PROTECTION of underlying structures [from dehydration, chemical or mechanical damage] nerves present to sense change / environment, cells will be tightly packed prevents invasion from outside / loss of substances from inside Examples of epithelium: top of the skin (EPIDERMIS) and the lining of the stomach and Colon are epithelial tissue. In addition, to forming a protective barrier, epithelium may be specialised to absorb substances (such as nutrients from the intestine), secrete stbstances (such as sweat glands), or excrete waste (such as in kidney tubules). SIMPLE: single layer specialized for secretion, absorption, filtration and excretion STRATIFIED: 2 or more layers for wear and tear Excellent regeneration - the skin is replaced every 3 weeks and the intestinal lining every 2-3 days
- simple SQUAMOUS (pavement) flattened cells disc-shaped nucleus form thin and smooth membrane line alveoli, heart and BV & lymph vessels aka endothelium. Easy diffusion. simple CUBOIDAL cube-shaped cells; spherical nucleus, close together on a basement membrane found in kidney tubules and some glands (ovaries) : secretion, absorption and excretion simple COLUMNAR oblong shaped cells, elongated nucleus sitting on basement membrane, tissue lining the gut: range of cells, some absorb nutrients, others secrete mucus (goblet cells) simple CILIATED cilia microscopic hair like projections on free surface of the cell line some passageways eg airways use wave like movement to move materials in one direction eg mucus towards the throat STRATIFIED (several layers) epithelium consists of several layers of cells of different shapes which grow from bottom layer up, main function is to protect underlying structures from wear and tear, not usually a basement membrane stratified SQUAMOUS deeper layers cells are more columnar as they mature and are pushed up they become flattened until they are shed may be keratinised (dry surfaces) eg skin hair nails surface layer of cells are dead and contain a hard waterproof protein (keratin). Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found on wet surfaces that are subject to wear and tear eg lining the mouth the conjunctiva (eye) pharynx and oesophagus stratified CUBOIDAL found in ducts of sweat glands oesophageal glands and male urethra PROTRECTION some secretion and absorption stratified COLUMNAR several layers of irregular shaped cells except apical layer are columnar line urethra, found in large excretory ducts of some glands PROTECTINand SECRETION Pseudostratified - looks stratified but is only 1 layer thick as all cells are actually resting on the basement membrane, only some reaching the surface. Found in the respiratory tract and Fallopian tubes. Often have cilia.Can change into stratified in heavy smokers and may give rise to cancers. stratified TRANSITIONAL several layers stretchapical cells not uniform in shape. (pear shaped cells) capable of great distention found in the bladder and ureter. GLANDULAR EPITHELIAL TISSUE function is secretion may consists of One epithelial cell (Unicelllular) or a group of epithelial cells (multicellular) that produce substances (secretions) different from the fluids available to them either into ducts, onto the surface or into the blood Endocrine - secrete directly into the intercellular space and then into blood – no ducts (hormones) Exocrine - secrete into ducts that open onto a surface (sweat saliva bile enzymes etc) Can find unicellular exocrine cells in amongst other epithelial cells (producing mucin) multicellular glands may be branching (compound) or non branched (simple)
- Bones provide structural support for the whole body – skeleton holds body upright Cartilage provides a shock absorber for joints - Tendons tightly connect skeletal muscle to bones Adipose tissue provides a protective padding around body structures –eg, fat layer under epidermis (skin)
- neurons are highly specialised cells generate and conduct nerve impulses tend to be branching have cytoplasmic brances that alloe them to conduct electrical impulses neuroglia do not conduct they support insulate and protect Brain, Spinal chord and Network of nerves throughout the entire body – this allows for the conduction of electrical impulses to send information between the brain and the rest of the body. Examples of nervous tissue - Brain
- highly cellular well vascularised tissue responsible for body movement elongated shaped cells able to contract. 3 Basic types of muscles cells: Skeletal: form flesh of body attached to bones as muscles contract they pull on bones or skin causing body to move or facial expression cylindrical cells contain may nuclei and alignment of myofibrils gives striated appearance Smooth striations are not seen spindle shaped cell one central nucleus occurs in walls of hollow organs alternately contracts and relaxes to propel substances through organ (Digestive (stomach), uterus, Blood Vessles, urinary organs Cardiac walls of heart contracts the heart and propels blood around the body through the BV cells are striated but are uninuclear branching cells (eg. Myocardium) skeletal muscle is voluntary, cardiac and smooth is involuntary