2. Formal Organizations
Compliance-how someone behaves in
accordance with an order/directive
Remunerative power- material resources used
in exchange for compliance
Normative power- symbolic rewards
Coercive power- controls a person’s life
3. Formal Organizations
Confinement Model for inmates
Keep them in
Keep them safe
Keep them in line
Keep them healthy
Keep them busy
4. Formal Organizations
The Organizational Structure
Concepts of organization-hierarchy of staff
positions
Unity of command
Chain of command
Span of control
Line personnel
Staff personnel
6. Formal Organizations
The Impact of the Structure
Custody
Warden
Guards
Discipline
Rehabilitation
Collaborative model
7. Prison Staff
Prison staff—conflict can evolve between
different groups of personnel and between
inmates and staff
Institutional managers
Wardens responsible for prison operations
Deputy warden responsible for housekeeping
tasks
8. Prison Staff
Correctional officers
Graded ranks—captain, lieutenant, officer
Pay differentials, job titles
Chain of command
Preservice training programs for officers
9. Prison Staff
Program personnel
Educational, vocational, and treatment programs
Agricultural and industrial supervisors
Supervised programs
Strict custodial hierarchy
10. Governing Prisons
Inmate Balance Theory- maintaining order and
preventing collective violence
Shared authority
Administrative Control Theory
Sound and firm management
Order
Amenity
Service
11. Discussion Question
Ask students to discuss the hierarchy of
command in a prison setting and the possible
issues which could result in this chain of
command.
12. Governing Prisons
The Defects of Total Power
Correctional institutions must be run humanely
Prisoners are not always motivated to cooperate
Force is inefficient
Ratio of inmates to staff
13. Governing Prisons
Rewards and Punishments
Reward compliance
Choice job assignments
Honor units
Favorable parole reports
Punish rule violations
14. Governing Prisons
Gaining Cooperation: Exchange Relationships
Tolerate minor rule infractions for compliance
on major rules
Assumptions underlying office to inmate
relationships
Negotiations are central to prison control
Informal rules respected by all parties
Some rule violations do not merit officer attention
15. Governing Prisons
Inmate Leadership
Discipline of Prisoners (withholding privileges,
erasing good time credit, placing inmates in
the “hole”)
The disciplinary process– verbal reprimand or
ticket
Sanctions—segregation, loss of privileges, loss
of good time credit
16. Discussion Question
What are the possible repercussions of “inmate
leadership?” Are there any positives with the
program?
17. Governing Prisons
Leadership: The Crucial Element of
Governance
In particular, management is successful when
prison directors
Are in office long enough to learn the job
Project an appealing image to a wide range of
people
Are dedicated and loyal to the department
Are highly hands-on and proactive
18. Violence in Prison
Violence and Inmate Characteristics
Age
Attitudes
Race
AP Images/SEVANS
19. Violence in Prison
Prisoner–Prisoner Violence
Prison gangs (racial/ethnic)
Identify members, segregate housing and work
assignments, no contact visits, etc.
Protective custody- special management
Prison rape- Prison Rape Elimination Act
Perpetrators
Victims
20. Violence in Prison
Victims of rape tend to be:
First time, non-violent offenders
Crime against a minor
Physically weak
Effeminate inmates
Not affiliated with a gang
Snitches
21. Discussion Question
Ask students to discuss the reality of prison
rape. If statistics show that these 5 groups are
the most likely to be victimized, how come
more steps are not being taken to protect
them? Furthermore, what steps could be
taken to protect them?
22. Violence in Prison
Prisoner–Officer Violence
Situations requiring use of physical force
Breaking up a fight
Moving a prisoner to segregation
Unexpected attacks
Missile thrown from an upper tier
Verbal threats or taunts
“Accidental” fall
23. Violence in Prison
Officer–Prisoner Violence
“Goon squads”
Gladiator days at
Corcoran
24. Violence in Prison
Decreasing Prison Violence
The effect of architecture and size
The role of management
Improve classification
Create opportunities
Increase size, diversity, and training of staff
Redesign facilities
Install grievance mechanisms
Augment reward system