2. Community Programs
Definitions of community
Geography, identity
Setting, target, agent, resource
Clinical and non-clinical health services
Community actors – volunteers, civil society
orgs, government agencies
Evidence-based impact – community
development, non-clinical services
3. MEASURE Evaluation Contributions
M&E framework – Kenya
Needs assessments – Kenya, Mozambique, Mali
Case studies – Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia
System design and training – Ethiopia, Kenya
Data quality assessments– Tanzania, Rwanda
4. MEASURE Evaluation Contributions
Indicator development
Routine data quality assessment (RDQA) tool
mhealth technologies for data quality improvement
Child Status Index (CSI)
Priorities for Local AIDS Control Efforts (PLACE)
Survey tool for OVC programs
5. Lessons Learned
Community volunteers and CBOs are collecting
and using data – Kenya dialogue days, local CBOs
serving vulnerable children
Information systems often focus on reporting to
higher levels – not useful or sustainable at the
community level.
M&E tools are only useful when they fit the
purpose – room for capacity building
7. Outline
Background
Overview of Community Health Strategy
(CHS) in Kenya
Progress and outcomes in CHIS
strengthening
Lessons Learned
8. Background
Community Health Strategy (CHS) rolled out in
2006 as part of the National Health Sector
Strategic Plan (NHSSP II) 2005-2010
NHSSP II refocuses national efforts on health
promotion of individuals and communities,
formally recognizing tier 1 services
Tier 1 services are aimed at empowering
communities and households to take charge of
improving their health
10. Community Health Committee (CHC)
Health activities taking place in the community
unit (CU) are coordinated
by the CHC:
Dialogue days: key health indicators are reviewedin
orderto identify communityneedsto improvehealth
and developactions
Actiondays: keyactions as determinedduring the
dialogue days are implemented
11. Typical Monthly CU Dialogue Day
Improvingtheperformance(availability,access,qualityandutilization)ofCHISwill
beagradualprocess(lowliteracylevelsofCHWs,volunteerism,sizeofthe
coverage,stakeholderconsensusbuilding)
Utilizationofover80%ofthecollectedcommunitydatainCUsdialogueandaction
dayshasimprovedhealthoutcomes
12. Objectives of CHIS Strengthening
To strengthen CHIS in providing quality
data from tier 1 for use at both community
level and within the formal health sector
Prepare CHIS for linkage with the unified
system for national health information
management (District Health Information
System – DHIS2)
14. Examples of CHIS Indicators
# of deliveries by a skilled attendant
# of pregnant mothers who attend at least
4 ANC visits
# of children fully immunized
# of fever cases managed
# of case referred
# of births, # of deaths by age
# of diarrhea cases managed
15. Community Health Information System
(CHIS) – Assessment
Case Study of the CHIS in 5 CUs conducted
in April 2011
M&E capacity assessment of national CHS
M&E unit conducted in June 2013
CHIS functionality assessment of 31
CUs conducted in July 2013
17. CHIS Functionality Assessment
Key Finding: Only half of the CUs that
were sampled were fully functional as
per national guidelines.
Issues include:
lack of infrastructure
training gaps among CU staff
poor reporting rates and data quality
18. Where Are We Now?
Monitoring the collectionanduseofquality datain8CUsthat
havebeentargeted with apackageofinterventions todevelop
themas“Centers ofExcellence” forCHIS
Currentreportingrates insupportedCUsreceiving apackage
ofinterventions hasincreasedfrom69%inJune,2013to100%
asofMarch2014
New data collectiontoolshavebeenrolled-outtobetterfacilitate
thecollection, management, anduseofcommunityhealth data
TheCHISM&Eteamisimplementing acapacitybuilding action
plan
AnmHealthplatformhasbeendeveloped toincreasethe
collection ,quality, anduseofcommunityhealth data
Structuredlearning visits have beenorganizedtosharelessons
andbestpractices inCHSprogramming.
19. Lessons Learned
1. System strengthening takes timeandlong-term commitment
andresourcesinordertoensureboth
successandsustainability
2. SuccessfulCHISstrengthening isreliant uponunderstanding
localdataneeds
3. Continuousengagement with DCHSiscritical incoordinatinga
countryownedprocessforsystem strengthening
4. Synergyamongallpartners isessential inordertoaddress allof
theneeds forstrengthening CHIS
5. Using CHWstoanswerdonor,national, andsubnational
questions abouthealth service delivery andoutcomesoften
over-burdensstaff,andresults inmissing reportsandpoor
quality data
22. Types of OVC Information Gathered
Information Types Illustrative Tools
Situation Analysis PEPFAR OVC program evaluation tools
Targeting Nigeria’s Child Vulnerability Index, VAT, VI
Information to support
and monitor case
management
Child Status Index, Orphan Wellbeing Tool
Parenting Map, Child Support Index,
Household Assessment
Monitoring
Registration, Visitation/Service, Referral,
Training forms
Program Evaluation PEPFAR OVC program evaluation tools
27. OVC M&E Lessons Learned
1. Advances in OVC M&E systems
2. Data collection systems are organized for
reporting purposes
3. Design of M&E systems effects data flow
4. Ensure tools are fit for purpose
28. 1. Advances in OVC M&E Systems
Strong M&E systems
Emphasis on data quality and availability
Use of information for decision making
33. Consequences
Disconnect
Collecting information on every child at
every encounter
Ethics
Burden
Data quality
I’m sorry, didn’tyou
already ask me about that
last time you were here?
34. 3. Design Of M&E Systems Effects Data Flow
Village 1
X40
Village 2
X40
SIGNATURES
80 forms per ward
X 20 wards =1,600
forms
WEO 1
CBO2
CBO3
CBO4
CBO5
CBO6
CBO7
CBO8
80 forms
CBO 1
35. X4 X4 X4
Station 1 Station 2 Station 3
11 volunteers
per station x 4
forms = 44
per station
tation
11 vol * 4 forms
District 1
OVC Focal Person
CBO 1
44 forms X 3 stations =
132 forms for a District
2 districts X 66 volunteers =
252 forms
District 2
1 volunteer
completes 40
forms per
month. 40
stay with
him/her
CBO 2 CBO 3
11 vol * 4 forms 11 vol * 4 forms
36. Consequences
Volunteer CBO
Increased
burden
More forms,
more labor
Need capacity
for tallying
Need capacity
for entry,
analysis, IT
More challenging
to assess data
quality
Is it
sustainable?
Signatures can
impede flow and
create burden
Aggregation task
shifting has
consequences
37. 4. Ensure Tools Are Fit for Purpose
Consequence
May make
decisions on
incorrect
information
38. The Way Forward
Prioritize information needs
Streamline guidance and tools
Ensureinformationsupportsvolunteers
Identify sustainable solutions