1. Complete Blood Count (CBC) / Normal Values
Definition
A complete blood count (CBC) is a series of tests used to
evaluate the composition and concentration of the cellular
components of blood
It measures the following
The number of red blood cells (RBCs)
The number of white blood cells (WBCs)
The total amount of hemoglobin in the blood
The fraction of the blood composed of red blood cells
2. (hematocrit)
The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) — the size of the red
blood cells
CBC also includes information about the red blood cells
that is calculated from the other measurements:
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)
The platelet count is also usually included in the CBC
Purpose
The CBC provides valuable information about the blood
and to some extent the bone marrow, which is the blood-
forming tissue. The CBC is used for the following purposes
as a preoperative test to ensure both adequate oxygen
carrying capacity and hemostasis
to identify persons who may have an infection
to diagnose anemia
to identify acute and chronic illness, bleeding tendencies,
and white blood cell disorders such as leukemia
to monitor treatment for anemia and other blood diseases
to determine the effects of chemotherapyand radiation
3. therapy on blood cell production
Preparation
There is no special preparationneeded
How the Test is Performed
Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the
elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned
with antiseptic. An elastic band is placed around the upper
arm to apply pressure and cause the vein to swell with
blood
A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected
in an air-tight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the
band is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has
been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture
site is covered to stop any bleeding
4. In infants or young children, the area is cleansed with
antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet.
The blood may be collected in a pipette (small glass tube),
on a slide, onto a test strip, or into a small container. A
bandage may be applied to the puncture site if there is any
bleeding
Normal Values
كود HTML:
TEST NORMAL VALUES
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Leukocyte (White Blood Cell) X1000 cells/mm³ (µL)
................
Birth 9.0-30.0
24 hours 9.4-34.0
1 month 5.0-19.5
1-3 years 6.0-17.5
4-7 years 5.5-15.5
8-13 years 4.5-13.5
Adult 4.5-11.0
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5. Neutrophils Bands 3-5% (total WBC count)
.............................
Segs 54-62%
Lymphocytes 25-33%
Monocytes 3-7%
Eosinophils 1-3%
Basophils 0-0.75%
.......................................................................................
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Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
.........................................
Cord 3.9-5.5 million/mm³
1-3 days 4.0-6.6 million/mm³
1 week 3.9-6.3 million/mm³
2 weeks 3.6-6.2 million/mm³
1 month 3.0-5.4 million/mm³
2 months 2.7-4.9 million/mm³
3-6 months 3.1-4.5 million/mm³
0.5-2 years 3.7-5.3 million/mm³
2-6 years 3.9-5.3 million/mm³
6-12 years 4.0-5.2 million/mm³
12-18 years (male) 4.5-5.3 million/mm³
12-18 years (female) 4.1-5.1 million/mm³
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Hemoglobin
.....................
1-3 days 14.5-22.5 g/dL
2 months 9.0-14.0 g/dL
6-12 years 11.5-15.5 g/dL
12-18 years (male) 13.0-16.0 g/dL
12-18 (female) 12.0-16.0g/dL
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Hematocrit
.....................
1 day 48-69%
2 days 48-75%
3 days 44-72%
2 months 28-42%
6-12 years 35-45%
12-18 years (male) 37-49%
12-18 years (female) 36-46%
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Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
6. ...................
1-3 days 95-121µm³
0.5-2 years 70-86 µm³
6-12 years 77-95 µm³
12-18 years (male) 78-98 µm³
12-18 years (female) 78-102 µm³
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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
.....................
Birth 31-37 pg/cell
1-3 days 31-37 pg/cell
1 week-1 month28-40 pg/cell
2 months 26-34 pg/cell
3-6 months 25-35 pg/cell
0.5-2 years 23-31 pg/cell
2-6 years 24-30 pg/cell
6-12 years 25-33 pg/cell
12-18 years 25-35 pg/cell
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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
...................
Birth 30-36 g Hg/dL RBC
1-3 days 29-37 g Hg/dL RBC
1-2 weeks 28-38 g Hg/dL RBC
1-2 months 29-37 g Hg/dL RBC
3 months-2 years 30-36 g Hg/dL RBC
2-18 years 31-37 g Hg/dL RBC
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Reticulocyte Count
.................
Infants 2-5% of RBCs
Children 0.5-4% of RBCs
12-18 years (male) 0.5-1% of RBCs
12-18 years (female) 0.5-2.5% of RBCs
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Platelet Count
..................
Birth-1 week 84,000-478,000/mm³
Thereafter 150,000-400,000/mm³
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ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)
7. ........................
TEST NORMAL VALUE
Westergren
Child 0-10 mm/hour
Adult (male) 0-15 mm/hour
Adult (female) 0-20 mm/hour
Wintrobe
Child 0-13 mm/hour
Adult (male) 0-9 mm/hour
Adult (female) 0-20 mm/hour
.
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What Abnormal Results Mean
High numbers of RBCs may indicate
Low oxygen tension in the blood
Congenital heart disease
Cor pulmonale
8. Pulmonary fibrosis
Polycythemia vera
Dehydration (such as from severe diarrhea)
Renal (kidney) disease with high erythropoietin production
Low numbers of RBCs may indicate
Blood loss
Anemia (various types)
Hemorrhage
Bone marrow failure (for example, from radiation, toxin,
fibrosis, tumor)
Erythropoietin deficiency (secondary to renal disease)
Hemolysis (RBC destruction)
Leukemia
Multiple myeloma
Malnutrition (nutritional deficiencies of iron, folate,
vitamin B12, or vitamin B6)
Low numbers of WBCs (leukopenia) may indicate
Bone marrow failure (for example, due to infection, tumor
or fibrosis)
9. Presence of cytotoxic substance
Autoimmune/collagen-vascular diseases (such as lupus
erythematosus)
Disease of the liver or spleen
Radiation exposure
High numbers of WBCs (leukocytosis) may indicate
Infectious diseases
Inflammatory disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis or
allergy)
Leukemia
Severe emotional or physical stress
Tissue damage (SUCH AS burns)
Low hematocrit may indicate
Anemia (various types)
Blood loss (hemorrhage)
Bone marrow failure (for example, due to radiation, toxin,
fibrosis, tumor)
Hemolysis (RBC destruction) related to transfusion
reaction
10. Leukemia
Malnutrition or specific nutritional deficiency
Multiple myeloma
Rheumatoid arthritis
High hematocrit may indicate:
Dehydration
Burns
Diarrhea
Polycythemia vera
Low oxygen tension (smoking, congenital heart disease,
living at high altitudes)
Low hemoglobin values may indicate
Anemia (various types)
Blood loss
The test may be performed under many different
conditions and in the assessment of many different diseases
Resources
US National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health –
Medline Plus
