1. The Upper Respiratory TractThe Upper Respiratory Tract
The NoseThe Nose
Raymond G Buick FRCS
10 mins

2. The Upper Respiratory Tract
Bulk Air movement – v – Gaseous Exchange
• Nose to main bronchi

3. The Upper Respiratory Tract
Bulk Air movement – v – Gaseous Exchange
• Nose to main bronchi
• Nose
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi

4. The Upper Respiratory Tract
Bulk Air movement – v – Gaseous Exchange
• Nose to main bronchi
• Functions shared with Digestive System

5. The Upper Respiratory Tract
Bulk Air movement – v – Gaseous Exchange
• Nose to main bronchi
• Functions shared with Digestive System
• Functions of the Upper Respiratory Tract

6. The Upper Respiratory Tract
• Functions of the Upper Respiratory Tract
• Conduit

7. The Upper Respiratory Tract
• Functions of the Upper Respiratory Tract
• conduit
• prepare inspired air for gaseous exchange

8. The Upper Respiratory Tract
Functions of the Upper Respiratory Tract
prepare inspired air for gaseous
exchange
IN ---- variable
• Temp
• water saturation
• contamination

9. The Upper Respiratory Tract
Functions of the Upper Respiratory Tract
prepare inspired air for gaseous
exchange
IN ---- variable
• Temp
• water saturation
• contamination
ALVEOLI
• temp 370
C
• saturated
• sterile

10. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE

11. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
external (anterior) nares
----------------------- internal (posterior) nares

12. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
external (anterior) nares
----------------------- internal (posterior) nares
• Vestibule - skin (hairs)
• ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

13. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
external (anterior) nares
----------------------- internal (posterior) nares
• cilliated pseudostratified epithelium
• olfactory epithelium

14. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
external (anterior) nares
----------------------- internal (posterior) nares
• cilliated pseudostratified epithelium
• olfactory epithelium
– peripheral organ of smell
– through cribriform plate
– olfactory bulb

15. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
external (anterior) nares
----------------------- internal (posterior) nares
• ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
– well vascularised
– close to bone

16. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
• olfactory nerve

17. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
• olfactory nerve
cribriform plate

18. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
• olfactory nerve
cribriform plate

19. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
external (anterior) nares
----------------------- internal (posterior) nares
• nasal septum
• nasal conchae
• meatus
• paranasal sinuses

20. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
external (anterior) nares
----------------------- internal (posterior) nares
• nasal septum
• nasal conchae X 3 sup, middle, inferior
• paranasal sinuses X 4
• meatus
sphenoid,
ethmoid,
frontal,
maxillary

21. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
sphenoid,
ethmoid,
frontal,
maxillary

22. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
frontal,
sphenoid,
ethmoid,
maxillary

23. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
sphenoid,
ethmoid,
frontal,
maxillary

24. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE

25. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE

26. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
external (anterior) nares
• nasal septum
• nasal conchae

27. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
• nasal septum
• nasal conche
• paranasal sinuses

28. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
blood supply
– sphenopalatine artery
– ant & post ethmoidal arteries
– greater palatine artery
– superior labial artery
– lateral nasal branches of facial artery
Antrior part of nasal septum - Kiesselbach area NOSEBLEED

29. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
Posterior boundary
is the choana
(Greek – “funnel”)
Bony orifice
Above soft palate
Nasal cavity & nasopharynx

30. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
Clinical
nose bleeds - epistaxis
Trauma
nasal fractures
septal haematoma
blocked nose
Foreign Body in nose
nasal polyps
inflammation
rhinitis
sinusitis

31. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
Clinical
nose bleeds - epistaxis
Trauma
nasal fractures
septal haematoma
blocked nose
Foreign Body in nose
nasal polyps
inflammation
rhinitis
sinusitis
Kiesselbach's area, Kiesselbach's plexus,
Kiesselbach's triangle, Little's area, is a
region in the anteroinferior part of the nasal
septum a vascular plexus called
Kiesselbach's plexus.

32. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
Clinical
nose bleeds - epistaxis
Trauma
nasal fractures
septal haematoma
blocked nose
Foreign Body in nose
nasal polyps
inflammation
rhinitis
sinusitis

33. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
Clinical
nose bleeds - epistaxis
Trauma
nasal fractures
septal haematoma
blocked nose
Foreign Body in nose
nasal polyps

34. The Upper Respiratory Tract
NOSE
Clinical
nose bleeds - epistaxis
Trauma
nasal fractures
septal haematoma
blocked nose
Foreign Body in nose
nasal polyps
inflammation
rhinitis
sinusitis

35. The EndThe End
Raymond G Buick FRCS