A brief introduction about different kinds of antennas and there applications

2. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTENNA
Presentator SHAKIR HUSSAIN

3. Table of Content
 Horn Antenna
 Slot Antenna
 MicroStripOr Patch Antenna
 Quad-Helix Antenna forTelemetry
 NotchAntenna

4. HORN ANTENNA
 What is Horn Antenna ?
 A horn antenna is an antenna that consists
of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like
a horn to direct radio waves in a beam.

5. Horn Antenna as termination of
waveguide
Waveguide terminated with horn antenna
radiates effectively than open ended
rectangular waveguide.
Open ended
rectangular waveguide
Horn Antenna as termination
of waveguide

6. HORN ANTENNA
 A horn antenna is used to transmit radio
waves from a waveguide (a metal pipe used
to carry radio waves) out into space, or collect
radio waves into a waveguide for reception
 Horns are widely used as antennas
at UHF and microwave frequencies, above
300 MHz.

7. Horn Antenna

8. Radiation Pattern

9. Types of Horn Antenna
Pyramidal horn – a horn antenna with the
horn in the shape of a four-sided pyramid,
with a rectangular cross section.They are a
common type, used with rectangular
waveguides, and radiate linearly polarized
radio waves
sectoral horn – A pyramidal horn with only
one pair of sides flared and the other pair
parallel.Which is narrow in the plane of the
flared sides, but wide in the plane of the
narrow sides
E-pane horn (b) – A sectoral horn flared in the
direction of the electric or E-field in the waveguide.
H-plane horn (c) – A sectoral horn flared in the
direction of the magnetic or H-field in the waveguide.
Conical horn (d)
Exponential horn

10. Horn Antenna
 Why it is use ?
 It has high antenna gain, which can range up
to 25 dB in some cases, with 10-20 dB being
typical.
 It is used as feeders ( feed horns) for larger
antenna structures such as parabolic
antennas.
 And as directive antennas for such devices
as radar guns, and microwave radiometers.

11. Horn antenna as feed horn

12. SLOT ANTENNA
 A slot antenna consists of a metal surface,
usually a flat plate, with a hole or slot cut out.
 Slot antennas are used typically at
frequencies between 300 MHz and 24 GHz.
 the slot radiates electromagnetic waves in
similar way to a dipole antenna.

13. SLOT ANTENNA
 Consider an infinite conducting sheet, with a
rectangular slot cut out of dimensions a and b, as
shown in Figure.
 If we can excite some reasonable fields in the slot
(often called the aperture), we have a slot antenna.

14. SLOT ANTENNA Applications
 Slot antennas are widely used
in radar antennas
 In sector antennas used for cell phone base
stations.
 A slot antenna's main advantages are its size,
design simplicity

16. PATCH OR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
 A patch antenna (also known as a microstrip
antenna) is a type of radio antenna , which
can be mounted on a flat surface.
 It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or
"patch" of metal, mounted over a larger sheet
of metal called a ground plane.

18. MICROSTRIP OR PATCH ANTENNA
 Microstrip or patch antennas are becoming
increasingly useful because they can be
printed directly onto a circuit board.
 Microstrip antennas are becoming very
widespread within the mobile phone market.
Patch antennas are low cost, and are easily
fabricated

19. MicroStrip OR Patch Antenna
TopView of Patch Antenna Side view of Patch Antenna

20. Radiation pattern of a simple
square patch

21. Quad Helix Antenna For
Telemtry
 A Quad helix Antenna is simply type of
helix(often called helical) antenna.
 In this four helix antennas are built toghether
on a conducting material.
 There are two modes in which helical
antennas operate
 Normal mode and Axial mode.

22. Quad Helix Antenna For
Telemtry
 In normal mode the dimension of helix less
than wavelength.
 In Axial mode the dimension of helix is
comparable to wavelength.
 These helix antennas are referred to as axial-
mode helical antennas.
 They are used to send and recieve the
measurements from a remote area.

24.  TheseAntennas work on high frequencies
ranging fromVHF up to microwave.
 The antenna produces radio waves
with circular polarisation.
circular polarisation

25. Notch Antenna
 NotchAntenna is created from the slot
antenna when slot antenna is cut down from
the middle then it works as slot antenna.
 Microwave antenna in which the radiation
pattern is determined by the size and shape
of a notch or slot in a radiating surface.

26. NOTCH ANTENNA