Basic vocabulary. 1

www.english4allages.com
1.- The house
2.- Periods of time
3.- Family relationships
4.- The human body
5.- Clothes and accessories
6.- Colours
7.- Personal Information and marital status
8.- Nature
9.- Buildings and places
10.- Daily routine
11.- Housework
12.- School subjects
13.- The Classroom
14.- Jobs and Occupations
15.- What’s the weather like
16.- Opposites
17.- Food (1)
18.- Food (2)
19.- Physical appearance
20.- Irregular verbs.

THE HOUSE ( LA CASA)
- KITCHEN: Cocina
fridge: frigorífico
microwave oven: microondas
sink: pila, lavabo
plate: plato
knife:cuchillo
fork: tenedor
spoon: cuchara; cup: taza
napkin: servilleta
tablecloth: mantel
dishes: vajilla
glass: vaso
LIVING ROOM: sala de estar;salón
Sofa=couch: sofá
Carpet: alfombra; Rug: alfombra
Armchair: sillón
Television set: televisión
Curtain:cortina
Lamp: lámpara
Bookcase: librería
Cushion: cojín
Fireplace: chimenea (dentro)
BEDROOM: dormitorio
Bed: cama
Bedside table mesilla de noche
Pillow: almohada;
Blankets: mantas
Sheets: sábanas
Wardrobe/ closet: armario
BATHROOM: cuarto de baño
Sink=wash-basin: lavabo
Toilet: inodoro; Mirror: espejo
Towel: toalla
Toilet paper: papel higiénico
Shampoo: champú;
Soap: jabón
Toothbrush: cepillo de dientes;
Toothpaste: pasta de dientes
Comb: peine; Hairbrush: cepillo (para el pelo)
Shower: ducha
Bath/Bathtub: bañera
OTHER PARTS OF THE HOUSE
Stairs: escaleras
Upstairs: en el piso de arriba
Downstairs: en el piso de abajo
Ceiling: techo
Floor: suelo; Wall: pared
Roof: tejado ; Clock: reloj
Corridor: pasillo Garage: garaje
Garden: jardín
Front door: puerta de entrada

PERIODS OF TIME
SEASONS: estaciones
Spring: primavera
Summer: verano
Autumn (BrE): otoño
Fall (AmE): otoño
Winter: invierno
DAYS OF THE WEEK
Monday: lunes
Tuesday: martes
Wednesday: miércoles
Thursday: jueves
Friday: viernes
Saturday: sábado
Sunday: domingo
PERIODS OF TIME
Minute: minuto
Hour: hora
Day: día
Week: semana
Month: mes
Year: año
Century: siglo
Weekend: fin de semana

FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
Grandmother: abuela
Grandfather: abuelo
Grandparents: abuelos
Father: padre
Mother: madre
Parents: padres
Aunt: tía
Uncle: tío
Brother: hermano
Sister: hermana
Son: hijo
Daughter: hija
Grandson = nieto
Granddaughter = nieta
Grandchild/ grandchildren = niet@/ nietos
Wife: esposa
Husband: marido
Cousin: primo/a
Brother-in-law: cuñado
Sister-in-law: cuñada
Father-in-law: suegro
Mother-in-law: suegra
Son-in-law: yerno
Daughter-in-law: nuera
Nephew: sobrino
Niece: sobrina

THE HUMAN BODY
Head: cabeza
Hair: pelo
Ear: oreja/oído
Neck: cuello
Shoulder: hombro
Arm: brazo
Back: espalda
Leg: pierna
Knee: rodilla
Foot; feet (pl): pie
Toes: dedos (de los pies)
Hand: mano
Finger: dedo
Mouth: boca
Face: cara
Forehead: frente
Nose: nariz
Tongue: lengua
Lip: labio
Eye: ojo
Heart: corazón
Lung: pulmón
Blood: sangre
Stomach: estómago
Brain: cerebro
Bones: huesos

CLOTHES AND ACCESSORIES
Shirt: camisa
T-shirt: camiseta
Trousers (pl): pantalones
Jeans: vaqueros
Skirt: falda
Shoes: zapatos
Socks: calcetines
Sweater: jersey/sudadera
Underwear: ropa interior
Underpants: calzoncillos/bragas
Track suit /jogging set: chandal
Coat: abrigo
Raincoat: chubasquero
Tie: corbata
Suit: traje ; Belt: cinturón
Hat: sombrero
Cap: gorra;
Shorts: pantalones cortos
Swimming-trunks (BrE):bañador (men)
Bathing suit: (AmE) bañador(men)
Swimsuit/bathing suit: (women): bañador
Pyjamas/pajamas: pijama
Bra: sujetador
Bracelet: pulsera
Ring: anillo
Necklace: collar
Earring: pendiente
Scarf: bufanda /pañoleta
Handkerchief: pañuelo
Chain: cadena ; Watch: reloj
Glasses: gafas
Sun-glasses: gafas de sol

COLOURS
Red: rojo;
Pink: rosa
Orange: naranja
Brown: marrón
Yellow: amarillo
Blue: azul
Purple: morado
Black: negro
Grey: gris
White: blanco
Green: verde ;
Light green: verde claro
Dark green: verde oscuro
Navy blue: azul marino

PERSONAL INFORMATION AND MARITAL STATUS
Name: nombre
Surname (BrE): apellido
Last name (AmE): apellido
Place of Birth: lugar de nacimiento
Birth date: fecha de nacimiento
Age: edad
Marital status: estado civil
Address: domicilio
Sex: sexo
Male: varón
Female: mujer.
Married: casado
Single: soltero
Divorced: divorciado
Widow: viuda ;
Widower: viudo.

NATURE
Environment: medio ambiente
Mountain: montaña
Hill : colina
River: río
Coast: costa
Seashore: costa
Beach: playa
Countryside: campo
Sky. Cielo
Village: pueblo
Tree: árbol
Flowers: flores
Lake: lago
Sea: mar
Island: isla
Sun: sol
Sunrise: el amanecer
Sunset: la puesta del sol
Waterfall: cascada, catarata
Moon: luna
Stars: estrellas.
Horizon: horizonte.
Forest: bosque
Wood: bosque; madera.
Desert: desierto.
Pond: estanque
Cloud: nube
Fog: niebla
Rain: lluvia
Storm: tormenta
Field: campo
Stream:arroyo,riachuelo,

BUILDINGS AND PLACES
School: colegio
University: universidad
Kindergarten: guardería
Shop: tienda
Bookshop (BrE): librería
Bookstore (AmE): librería
Hospital: hospital
Church: iglesia
Chemist’s: farmacia
Town Hall: ayuntamiento
Prison/Jail: carcel
Bus-railway station: estacíón
Cinema: cine
Theatre: teatro
Movie theater (AmE): cine
Circus: circo
Shopping centre: centro comercial
Mall (AmE): complejo comercial
Petrol station: gasolinera
Library: biblioteca.
Cafeteria: bar
Restaurant: restaurante
Hotel: hotel
Inn: pensión.
Supermarket : supermercado
Dry-cleaner’s : tintorería
Restaurant: restaurante
Graveyard: cementerio
Bank: banco.
Hairdresser’s = peluquería

DAILY ROUTINE
To wake up: despertarse
To get up: levantarse
To have breakfast: desayunar
To have a shower: ducharse
To do the housework: hacer las tareas de casa
To go jogging: hacer footing
To get dressed: vestirse
To leave home: salir de casa
To buy the newspaper:comprar periódico
To listen to music: escuchar música
To catch the train/bus: coger el tren/bus
To start school/work: empezar cole/trabajo
To have a break: hacer un descanso
To have lunch: comer (mediodía)
To finish work/school: terminar de trabajar
To rest: descansar
To meet some friends: quedar con amigos
To watch TV: ver la tele
To do the homework: hacer los deberes
To have dinner: cenar
To go to bed.: acostarse

HOUSEWORK
To iron/ To do the ironing : planchar;
To make the beds: hacer las camas
To sweep the floor: barrer el suelo
To wash up/ To do the washing up : lavar los cacharros
To do the shopping: hacer la compra
To dust/ to do the dusting: Limpiar el polvo
To load the diswasher: cargar el lavava
To cook: cocinar
To tidy up: ordenar
To vacuum/ To do the vacuuming: : pasar la aspiradora
To clean the floor: limpiar el suelo
To put the rubbish out: sacar la basura
To do the laundry /To do the washing: Hacer la colada
To hang out the washing. Tender ropa
To wash or mop the floor: fregar
To sew : coser
To water the plants: regar las plantas.

SCHOOL SUBJECTS
Physical Education: E.F
Foreign languages: lenguas extranjeras
English: Inglés
French: Francés
Latin: Latín
Spanish Language and Literature
Mathematics ( Maths): Matemáticas
Physics: Física
Chemistry: Química
Crafts: Manualidades
Computer Science: Informática
Computer Lab: Laboratorio Informática
History: Historia
Natural Science: Ciencias Naturales
Biology: Biología
Religion: Religión
Ethics: ética.
Breaktime: recreo
Vocational Training:Módulos formativos

THE CLASSROOM
Blackboard: pizarra
Textbook: libro de texto
Notebook: cuaderno
Workbook: libro de ejercicios
Dictionary: diccionario
Calculator: calculadora
School bag: mochila
Scissors: tijeras
Picture: cuadro
Map: mapa
Pencil: lapicero
Ruler: regla
Pen: bolígrafo
Glue: pegamento
Chalk: tiza
Pencil-sharpener: sacapuntas
Rubber/ Eraser: borrador
Marker: rotulador
Tippe-ex Correcting fluid: tippex
Paper clip: clips
Stapler: grapadora
Notice board: tablón; corcho
Hole-punch: perforadora
Diary: agenda
Desk: pupitre
Drawer: cajón
Attendance report: parte asistencia

JOBS AND OCCUPATIONS
Cook: cocinero
Driver: conductor
Farmer: granjero/agricultor
Hairdresser: peluquero
Architect: arquitecto
Engineer: ingeniero
Secretary: secretari@
Postman/woman: carter@
Waiter: camarero ; Waitress: camarera
Tourist Guide: guía turístico
Teacher : profesor
Doctor : doctor
Lawyer : Abogado
Artist : artista
Musician : músico
Shopkeeper : dependiente/a
Computer Programmer : programador
Bricklayer/builder : albañil
Economist : economista
Psychologist : psicólogo
Newsreader : locutor
Soldier : soldado
Civil Servant : funcionario
Electrician : electricista
Mechanic : mecánico
Housewife : ama de casa
Travel Agent : agente de viajes
Police Officer : policía
Fireman : bombero
Judge : Juez
Politician : político
Social worker : trabajador social
Sportman/woman : deportista.
Journalist: periodista
Painter: pintor
Nurse: enfermera

WHAT’S THE WEATHER LIKE?
Sun: sol
It’s sunny:; está soleado
Rain: lluvia
It’s rainy: está lluvioso
Fog: nieba
It’s foggy: hace niebla
Wind: viento
It’s windy: hace viento
Snow: nieve
It’s snowy: está nevado
Cloud: nube
It’s cloudy: está nublado
Storm: tormeta
Stormy weather : tiempo de tormenta.
Cold: frío;
It’s cold: hace frío.
Freezing: helado
It’s freezing: hace un tiempo gélido
Warm: templado
It’s warm: hace un tiempo templado
Hot: caluroso
It’s hot: hace calor.

OPPOSITES
Good ≠ bad: bueno≠ malo
Big/Large ≠small/little:grande≠pequeño
Old ≠ new: viejo ≠ nuevo
Cheap ≠ expensive: barato≠ caro
Open ≠ closed: abierto ≠ cerrado
Easy ≠ difficult/hare: fácil/difícil
Thick ≠ thin: grueso ≠ delgado
Wide ≠ narrow: ancho ≠ estrecho
Tall ≠ short (por people): alto≠bajo
High ≠ low (for things) alto≠bajo
Loud ≠ low (for volume) alto≠bajo
Deep ≠ Shallow: profundo≠superficial
Weak ≠ strong: débil≠ fuerte
Fast ≠ slow: rápido≠ lento
Happy≠ sad: feliz≠ triste.
Dry ≠ wet: seco≠ mojado
Full ≠ empty: lleno ≠ vacío
Light ≠ Heavy: ligero ≠ pesado
Hard ≠ soft: duro ≠ suave
Clean ≠ dirty: limpio ≠ sucio
Tight ≠ loose: apretado ≠ suelto
Good-Looking/pretty ≠ ugly: guap@ ≠ feo
Fat ≠ thin : gord@≠ delgado
Early ≠ late: temprano ≠ tarde
Dark ≠ bright: oscuro ≠ luminoso
Right ≠ left: derecho ≠ izquierdo

FOOD ( 1)
Fruits:
Apple: manzana
Pear: pera
Orange: naranja
Banana: plátano
Grape: uvas
Strawberry: fresa
Peach: melocotón
Vegetables: verduras
Bean: judía
Potato: patata
Carrot: zanahoria
Lentils: lentejas
Spinach: espinacas.
Mushroom: champiñón
Meats: Carnes
Beef: carne de vaca
Veal: ternera (muy joven)
Lamb: cordero
Pork: cerdo
Chicken: pollo
Turkey: pavo
Steak : filete
Chop: chuleta
Saussage: salchicha
Verbs
Eat-ate-eaten: comer
To taste: degustar/ saber

FOOD (2)
Dairy Products :
Milk : leche
Butter : mantequilla
Cheese : queso
Yoghurt : yogur
Egg : huevo; Fried eggs: huevos fritos
Jam/Jelly : mermelada.
Breakfast
Cornflakes : cereales
Juice : zumo
Biscuits/ cookies : galletas
Toast : tostada
Sauces and Seasoning
(salsas y condimentos)
Vinegar : vinagre
Salt : sal
Oil: aceite
Onion: cebolla
Garlic; ajo
Tuna: atún.
Cucumber: pepino
Others
Fish: pescado
Bread: pan
Sandwich: sandwich
Crisps(BrE)/chips(AmE) patatas frita
Omelette: tortilla
Soup: sopa

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Hair
Short ≠ Long
Straight: liso
Wavy: ondulado
Curly: rizado
Bald (adj) calvo
Dark, brown, red
Grey : cano
Blond/ fair :rubio
Age
Baby: bebé
Child: niño
Teenager: adolesc
Adult: adulto
Grown-up: adulto
Accessories
Make- up: maquillaje
Tattoo: tatuaje
Piercing: piercing.
Leather jacket: chaqueta de cuero
Casual wear: ropa informal
Denim jacket.: chaqueta vaquera
Verbs related to Appearance
To wear-wore-worn: llevar
To look like: parecerse a.
To dye: teñir.
To dress: vestir
To dress well: vestir bien
To dress badly: vestir mal (con mal gusto)
To dress up: vestirse de punta en blanco
Sporty style : estilo deportivo
Posh ( clothes, person) pijo.

VERBOS IRREGULARES- CLASIFICACIÓN POR GRUPOS
A .- TODAS LAS FORMAS IGUALES B.- PASADO SIMPLE Y PARTICIPIO IGUALES
BASE PASADO PARTIC SIGNIFIC BASE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO
BET BET BET ESPERAR SLEEP SLEPT DORMIR
BURST BURST BURST REVENTAR SMELL SMELT OLER
COST COST COST COSTAR SPELL SPELT DELETREAR
CUT CUT CUT CORTAR SPEND SPENT GASTAR
HIT HIT HIT GOLPEAR SPOIL SPOILT ESTROPEAR
HURT HURT HURT HERIR STAND STOOD ESTAR DE PIE
LET LET LET PERMITIR STICK STUCK ENGOMAR
PUT PUT PUT PONER STING STUNG PICAR
READ READ READ LEER STRIKE STRUCK GOLPEAR
SET SET SET PONER SWEEP SWEPT BARRER
SHUT SHUT SHUT CERRAR SWING SWUNG COLUMPIAR
SPREAD SPREAD SPREAD EXTENDER TEACH TAUGHT ENSEÑAR
UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD ENTENDER
B.- PASADO SIMPLE Y PARTICIPIO IGUALES WIN WON GANAR
BASE PASADO - PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO
BEND BENT DOBLAR C.- CAMBIO VOCÁLICO I –A – U
BRING BROUGHT TRAER BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN EMPEZAR
BUILD BUILT CONSTRUIR DRINK DRANK DRUNK BEBER
BURN BURNT QUEMAR RING RANG RUNG LLAMAR
BUY BOUGHT COMPRAR SING SANG SUNG CANTAR
CATCH CAUGHT COGER SINK SANK SUNK HUNDIR
DEAL DEALT TRATAR SPRING SPRANG SPRUNG SALTAR
DIG DUG CAVAR STINK STANK STUNK APESTAR
DREAM DREAMT SOÑAR SWIM SWAM SWUM NADAR
FEED FED ALIMENTAR
FEEL FELT SENTIRSE D.- BASE Y PARTICIPIO IGUALES
FIGHT FOUGHT LUCHAR BASE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO
FIND FOUND ENCONTRAR BECOME BECAME BECOME LLEGAR A SER
FLEE FLED HUIR COME CAME COME VENIR
GET GOT/GOTTEN CONSEGUIR RUN RAN RUN CORRER
HANG HUNG COLGAR
HAVE HAD TENER/HABER E BASE = PARTICIPIO + (e)n
HEARD HEARD OÍR (A)RISE (A)ROSE (A)RISEN LEVANTARSE
HOLD HELD SOSTENER BEAT BEAT BEATEN GOLPEAR
KEEP KEPT GUARDAR BITE BIT BITTEN MORDER
LAY LAID PONER BLOW BLEW BLOWN SOPLAR
LEAD LED GUIAR DRAW DREW DRAWN DIBUJAR
LEARN LEARNT APRENDER DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN CONDUCIR
LEAVE LEFT DEJAR/SALIR EAT ATE EATEN COMER
LEND LENT PRESTAR FALL FELL FALLEN CAER
LIGHT LIT ENCENDER FORBID FORBADE FORBIDDEN PROHIBIR
LOSE LOST PERDER FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN PERDONAR
MAKE MADE HACER GIVE GAVE GIVEN DAR
MEAN MEANT SIGNIFICAR GROW GREW GROWN CRECER
MEET MET ENCONTRAR HIDE HID HIDDEN OCULTAR
PAY PAID PAGAR KNOW KNEW KNOWN SABER
SELL SOLD VENDER SHAKE SHOOK SHAKEN SACUDIR
SEND SENT ENVIAR SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MOSTRAR
SHINE SHONE BRILLAR TAKE TOOK TAKEN COGER/LLEVAR
SHOOT SHOT DISPARAR THROW THREW THROWN TIRAR
SIT SAT SENTARSE WRITE WROTE WRITTEN ESCRIBIR
F PAST = PARTICIPLE + (E)N G .- CON LAS 3 FORMAS DIFERENTES
BASE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO BASE PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICADO
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN ELEGIR DO DID DONE HACER
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTTEN OLVIDAR FLY FLEW FLOWN VOLAR
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN CONGELAR GO WENT GONE IR
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN HABLAR LIE LAY LAIN TUMBARSE
STEAL STOLE STOLEN ROBAR TEAR TORE TORN RASGAR

10 Most Interesting Facts About Words In The English Language
10. The shortest complete sentence in the English language consists of only one word and that is
“Go”.
9. The oldest word in the English language is “Town”.
8. In England, till 1880s using the word “pants” was considered indecent.
7. The word “goodbye” came from “God bye”, which in turn comes from “God be with you”. The
phrase “so long” came from the Arabic word “salaam” and also from the Hebrew word “shalom”.
6. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the longest word in the English language is
“pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis”. The only other word with so many letters is its
plural, “pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokonioses”.
5. The word with most number of definitions in the English language is “set”.
4. There is a seven-letter word in the English language that contains ten words without rearranging
any of its letters, and that seven-letter word is, “therein”, which contains: the, there, he, in, rein, her,
here, ere, therein, herein.
3. The combination “ough” can be pronounced in nine different ways. The following sentence
contains them all: “A rough-coated, dough-faced, thoughtful ploughman strode through the streets of
Scarborough; after falling into a slough, he coughed and hiccoughed.”
2. There are six words in the English language which have the letter combination ‘uu’. They are
“muumuu”, which means a long loose-fitting dress, “vacuum”, “continuum”, “duumvirate”, which is an
alliance between two equally powerful political or military leaders, “duumvir”, which is a rule by two
people and “residuum”, which means remainder. There are only four words in the English language
which end in “-dous”. They are: tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous. There are
three words in the English language that end in “-ceed”: proceed, exceed, and succeed. The only two
meaningful words that end in “-gry” in the English language are: “angry” and “hungry”.
1. There are no words that could rhyme with the words, orange, purple, silver, or month.

Basic vocabulary. 1

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Basic vocabulary. 1