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Dural venous sinuses & cavernous sinus - Dr.N.Mugunthan.
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Dural venous sinuses & cavernous sinus - Dr.N.Mugunthan.
1.
Dural venous sinuses Lecture
by Dr.N.Mugunthan.MBBS.,M.S.,DNB.,MNAMS.,PhD., Associate Professor MGMC&RI.
2.
Learning objectives • Dural
venous sinuses – characteristics & functions • Classification • Cavernous sinus in detail • Applied anatomy ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
3.
Dural venous sinuses ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
4.
Characteristics & functions Lined
with endothelium Devoid of muscular coat Devoid of valves Drain the blood from brain & cranial cavity Absorb CSF through arachnoid granulation tissue Receive valve less emissary vein to maintain an equilibrium of venous pressure ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
5.
Classification Unpaired sinuses 1. Superior
sagittal sinus 2. Inferior sagittal sinus 3. straight sinus 4. occipital sinus 5. Anterior intercavernous sinus 6. Posterior intercavernous sinus 7. Basilar venous plexus Paired sinuses 1. Transverse sinus 2. Sigmoid sinus 3. Cavernous sinus 4. Superior petrosal sinus 5. Inferior petrosal sinus 6. Spheno-parietal sinus 7. Petro-squamous sinus 8. Middle meningeal sinus ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
6.
Unpaired sinuses 1. Superior
sagittal sinus 2. Inferior sagittal sinus 3. Straight sinus 4. Occipital sinus 5. Anterior intercavernous sinus 6. Posterior intercavernous sinus 7. Basilar venous plexus ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
7.
Paired sinuses 1. Transverse
sinus 2. Sigmoid sinus 3. Cavernous sinus 4. Superior petrosal sinus 5. Inferior petrosal sinus 6. Spheno-parietal sinus 7. Petro-squamous sinus 8. Middle meningeal sinus ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
8.
Cavernous sinus Paired
dural venous sinus Situation: on each side of body of sphenoid bone. Extent: Front – superior orbital fissure Behind -apex of petrous part of temporal bone ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
9.
Interior : traversed
by reticular fibers - spongy, hence called – cavernous. Measurements: Length : 2cm Breadth : 1cm Formation: separation between meningeal & endosteal layer of duramater Cavernous sinus cont… ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
10.
Presenting parts Roof
,floor, medial & lateral wall. Roof & Lateral wall – meningeal layer Floor & Medial wall – endosteal layer Structures piercing roof: 3rd & 4th cranial nerve Internal carotid artery ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
11.
RELATIONS Superiorly: • Optic chiasma •
ICA [after piercing roof - backward & upward(Carotid siphon)] Inferiorly: • Sphenoidal air sinus Medially: • Pituitary gland Laterally: • Cavum trigeminale • Temporal lobe (uncus) ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
12.
Structures passing through
the sinus 1. Internal carotid artery: Surrounded by sympathetic plexus Runs along floor (carotid sulcus) Turns upward pierce the roof (carotido-clinoid foramen) 2. Abducent nerve: Enters below petro-sphenoid ligament Inferolateral to ICA ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
13.
Structures within the
lateral wall of cavernous sinus • Separated from the venous blood by endothelial lining of the sinus 1. Oculomotor nerve 2. Trochlear nerve (3rd & 4th nerve pierce the roof) 3. Ophthalmic nerve 4. Maxillary nerve ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
14.
TRIBUTARIES 1. Superior ophthalmic
vein 2. A branch from inferior ophthalmic vein 3. Central vein of retina 4. Superficial middle cerebral vein 5. Inferior cerebral veins 6. Spheno-parietal sinus 7. Anterior trunk of middle meningeal sinus (occasionally) ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
15.
COMMUNICATIONS 1. With transverse
sinus – via superior petrosal sinus 2. With IJV –via inferior petrosal sinus 3. With pterygoid venous plexus – via emissary vein pass thro’ ovale,spinosum, vesalii & lacerum ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
16.
COMMUNICATIONS 4. With facial
vein by 2 routes Direct: Sup.ophthalmic vein & Angular vein Indirect: with pterygoid plexus via deep facial vein 5. With Superior Sagittal Sinus – Via superficial middle cerebral & superior anastomotic vein 6. With opposite cavernous sinus –via anterior & posterior intercavernous sinuses ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
17.
Factors regulating blood
flow in cavernous sinus Expansile pulsation of ICA Gravity Change of position of head ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
18.
Applied anatomy 1.Thrombosis of
cavernous sinus Causes: communications from dangerous area of face,orbit & pharynx Symptoms: • Pain in eye • Oedema of eyelids Signs: • Ophthalmoplegia (3rd,4th & 6th nerves) • Exophthalmos (congestion of orbital veins) • Unilateral becomes bilateral due to ant.&post.intercavernous sinuses ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
19.
2. # Base
of skull • ICA is ruptured • Arterio-venous communications Manifestations: • Pulsating exophthalmos • Oedema eyelids • Ophthalmoplegia • Systolic murmur over temporal region Tmt: ligation of ICA (contralateral hemiplegia) Applied anatomy cont… ©Dr.N.Mugunthan
20.
SUMMARY • Dural venous
sinuses – characteristics & functions • Classification • Cavernous sinus in detail • Applied anatomy ©Dr.N.Mugunthan