The document defines and provides examples of key linguistic concepts including the phoneme, morpheme, lexical and grammatical morphemes, free and bound morphemes, lexeme, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language that can change a word's meaning. They can be lexical, carrying meaning, or grammatical, specifying relationships. Morphemes are either free, able to stand alone, or bound, only occurring attached to other morphemes. Syntax refers to the rules for constructing sentences using words, phrases, and their order. Semantics and pragmatics relate to meaning derived from language based on the words and context used.

2. - The basic unit of phonology
- It is the smallest unit of sound
that may cause a change of
meaning within a language , but
that doesn’t have meaning by
itself.

3. - The basic unit of morphology
- The smallest meaningful unit
of language

4. - A series of phonemes that has
a special meaning.
- If a morpheme is altered in any
way, the entire meaning of the
word can be changed.
- Within the category of bound
morphemes , there are two
additional subtypes :

5.  derivational
- Change the meaning or part of
speech of a word when they are
used together
 inflectional
-modify either the tense of a
verb or the number value of a
noun

6. Lexical and Grammatical
Morphemes:
Lexical morphemes have meaning
and can stand alone. Examples are
man, girl, play, etc.
Grammatical morphemes, conversely,
are mostly used to specify a
relationship between 2 lexical
morphemes or modify one. Examples
are at, and, the, etc.

7. Free and Bound Morphemes:
Free morphemes include lexical or
grammatical morphemes and they
can stand alone.
Examples: nouns, verbs, etc.
(lexical) or prepositions,
conjunctions, and articles
(grammatical).

8. Bound morphemes include
lexical or grammatical
morphemes but they cannot
stand alone.
Examples: suffixes and prefixes
(all affixes in English are bound
morphemes).

9. -are the set of inflected forms
taken by a single word
-another way to think about
lexemes is that they are the set
of words that would be included
under one entry in the

10. Dictionary----”running” and “ran”
would be found under ,”run”but
“runner” would not.

11. -is a set of rules for constructing
full sentences out of words and
phrases . Every language has a
different set of syntactic rules , but
all languages have some form of
syntax. In English , the smallest
form of a sentence is a noun
phrase(which might just be a noun

12. or a pronoun)and a verb
phrase(which may be a single
verb). Adjectives and adverbs can
be added to the sentence to
provide further meaning. Word
order matters in English,although
in some languages,order is of less
importance.

13. -is how everything within
language works together to
convey a particular meaning.
-includes tone of voice, body
language, and the words being
used.

14. - The set of rules by which we
derive meaning from morphemes
, words and sentences in a given
language.

16. ASSIGNMENT :
Choose only one components of
language , write 5 examples and
use it in a sentence .
Write it in a ½ crosswise .