A Closer Look on the Education System of Selected Countries

A Closer Look on the
Education System of
Selected Countries
Prepared by:
Mica E. Sevillano
Giselle Nuñez
IV-BEEd

 Benchmarking is learning the best from the best practices of the
world’s best educational systems.
 World Best Education Systems: 2015 1st Ranking

 “As a future teacher, you shall be guided by UNESCO's principle
on that Education is for All and that this education is anchored on
the Five Pillars which are:

Five Pillars
1. Learning to Know,
2. Learning to Do,
3. Learning to Be,
4. Learning to Live together, and
5. Learning to transform.

Educational System of Australia

Basic Education in Australia
 Australia, called by many as the last paradise on earth, has a high
quality educational system.
 Many students from all over the world go to Australia to study.
 The educational system in Australia is similar with that of Canada
and England.

 Primary Schools are for six years, high school, six years and college
or university, three to six years.
 High school is divided into junior high school (year 7- year 10) and
senior high school (year 11- year 12) but these vary from state to
state.
 During the junior high school studies, most Australian students
decide what to do after high school.
 Students who intend to go to college or university entrance
examination.
 Other students may get a job after year 10 or go to a Technical
and Further Education (TAFE) College to learn technical skills.

 The entry age of compulsory education is 6 years old and exit age,
15 years old.
 Primary education is provided by government and non-
government primary schools.
 The length of the program is six years for 6 years old to 12 years old
children.
 However, in most states, children start primary school at the age of
5 when they enroll in preparatory or kindergarten year.

 After the primary school, the junior secondary level which is for four
years comes next.
 The age level of children in this level is from 12 to 16 years old.
 At the end of the junior secondary level, a Junior Secondary
Certificate of Education (Year 10 Certificate) is awarded.
 The government, non-government Co-Educational
Comprehensive/Multi-Purpose High School provides junior
secondary level of education.

 A senior secondary level is provided for two years after the junior
secondary level.
 Students are from 16 to 18 years old in this level.
 Senior secondary level is no longer compulsory education.
 It is being offered by government and non-government providers.
A senior Secondary Certificate of Education (Year 12 Certificate) is
awarded at the end of the senior secondary level.

 From the primary to the secondary levels, most students are
enrolled in government schools which operate under the direct
responsibility of the State or Territory Education Minister.
 The federal government provides supplementary financial support.

Higher Education in Australia
 The main purpose of Australian Higher Education are:
1. to enable individuals to develop their capabilities for effective
participation in the workforce, for constructive contribution to
society and for personal growth and fulfillment;
2. to advance knowledge and understanding;
3. aid the application of knowledge and understanding for the
benefit of the economy and the society;
4. enable individuals to adapt and learn, consistent with the needs
of an adaptable knowledge-based economy at the local,
regional and national levels;
5. contribute to democratic civilized society.

 Australian universities are autonomous self-accredited institutions
established by Federal, State or Territory legislation.
 Academic year in Australia begins with the undergraduate level.
To be admitted, a Senior Secondary Certificate of Education is
required. The main stage of the university education leads to a
bachelor's degree.

 Undergraduate studies last between three, (Arts, Science,
Commerce) four years (Education, Engineering) five years,
(Veterinary Science, Dentistry, Architecture) and six years
(Medicine and Surgery) full time.
 Arts and Science usually offer either a bachelor's degree (Pass)
obtained in four years. An honours degree is normally required for
university level second stage: postgraduate studies.

 A graduate with a bachelor's degree can proceed to a one-year
to two-year post graduate course leading to a postgraduate
diploma.
 A student who has qualified for a bachelor's degree (Honours)
may proceed to a master's degree.
 This degree may be obtained after one year (Pass Degree) or two
years (Honours degree) of full time study.

 A student who has qualified for a bachelor's degree (honours)
may proceed to study for doctorate usually Ph.D. , higher
doctorate in science (DSsc) or Humanities (DLitt) upon submission
of published work are awarded the degrees.

Educational System of China
 The most populous country of the world is China. With over 200
million students attending public schools taught by over 9 million
teachers in the elementary, junior, and senior high schools, it is the
largest educational system of the world (Wang, 1996; Nanjundiah,
1996).
 The course syllabi are written by scientists and professors hired by
the National Educational Commission.
 The subject matter and instructional contents are uniform for all.
 The first six years of school make up the primary grades which is
devoted to development of cognitive skills, and this is followed by
another six years of high schools.

 Class size ranged from 40 to 60 students and the students have to
cover all topics in order to pass national examinations.
 Students wishing to attend university must pass one of the two
versions of the National University Entrance Examination.
 The quality and reputation of the school will depend on the
number of students passing the examination (Changbin, 1995;
Kwang, 2000)

 Education, one of the fundamental Chinese traditions entered to
a new era of deep transformation after 1949. Education was used
as a vital tool for centralization and unification of the country. The
new educational system include:
1. six years of primary education
2. Three years of junior middle school, three years of senior middle
school
3. Six years of university
4. Varieties of technical and vocation schools.

 The Japanese education system is highly centralized and is
administered by the Mombusho or Ministry of Education.
 The school system from kindergarten through university serves
about million students, with about ten percent going to the
university.
 About one third go to the private schools and the rest are enrolled
in the public of national school system (Abner, 2002)

 The Japanese educational system is sometimes seen as a model
of how operate schools. The system gives a mental picture of
obedient, quiet school children sitting on their desks, listening to
the teacher and working hard to pass various entrance
examinations.

Basic Education in Japan
 The Japanese educational system is divided into five basic levels:
kindergarten, elementary school (six years) lowers secondary
school (three years) upper secondary (three years) and university
(usually around four years).
 In Japan, education is free and compulsory for children 6 to 15
years. Classes are large and teaching methods is usually lecture.
Japanese students spend 243 days in a year in school. The school
calendar is year-round with some breaks between sessions.

 Standard curriculum includes Japanese language, social studies,
math and science along with art, music, home economics,
physical education, and the most emphasis being given to
learning the Japanese language.
 Lower secondary schools cover grade seven, eight and nine. Men
compose two-thirds of the teachers in this level. Class size average
38 and the periods are fifty minutes long.

 Upper secondary schools offer academic, technical and
vocational programs.
 The first year courses included Japanese language, English,
Science and Math.
 Vocational course includes information processing, navigation, fish
farming, ceramics and business English.
 The upper secondary schools are ranked based on their success
in placing graduating students into prestigious universities.

Higher Education in Japan
 Junior colleges by women who want to pursue courses stress
home economics, nursing, teaching, humanities and social
science.
 There are various universities that students can attend in Japan.
Private institutions make up 80% of university enrollments although
the public schools have the most prestige.

 To get into the universities (there are more than 500) the student
must take two exams; the first one is a national achievement test
and the second one is given by the university itself.
 The competition is quite fierce and some students who fail the test
will take another year to study and prepare to take the test again.
These students are called ronin, which meant samurai.

 60% of the universities have graduate schools, but only seven
percent of university graduate gets Master's degrees.
 At the doctorate level, students enroll in medical programs and
the humanities.

 Japanese education relies upon examinations to determine which
schools the student will go to next, resulting in a push by students
and parents (usually mothers) for their children to study very hard
for the test so that he or she can get into the best schools.
 The entire educational system seems to be built on a principle that
if you do well in exams, you will get into good schools or
universities and automatically into a good life-time job.

Educational System in South
Africa

Basic Education in South Africa
 Formal education in South Africa is categorized into sectors or
levels.
 These sectors are closely linked to particular levels: namely,
1. public ordinary school education,
2. independent school education,
3. special school education,
4. technical college education, 5. teacher training and university
training.

 A public school may be an ordinary public school or a public
school for learners with special educational needs.
 The levels are pre-primary, primary, secondary and higher
education.

 Compulsory General Education and Training (GET) covers the
reception year, Grades R to Grades IX.
 The General Education and Training corresponds to Level 1 of the
National Qualification Framework (NQF) and is divided into three
phases: foundation (Grades R-III) intermediate (Grades-VI) and
senior (Grades VII-IX). As a rule, children start primary education is
divided into junior primary (Grades I-III) and senior primary (Grades
IV-VI).

 Grades VII-IX is the last stage of compulsory education and will
lead to General Education and Training Certificate. Further
Education and Training (FET) or senior secondary education
(Grades X-XII) is not compulsory. At the end of Grade XII, students
sit a public examination leading to senior Certificate. Technical
secondary education which generally lasts for three years are
offered in technical centers, high schools and vocational schools.

 The eight learning areas that form the basis of all basic education
up to the Further Education Training(FET) Certificate are:
1. Language, Literacy and Communication
2. Mathematical Literacy, mathematics and Mathematical Science
3. Natural Science
4. Technology
5. Human and Social Science
6. Economics and Management Science
7. Arts and Culture
8. Life Orientation

Higher Education in South
Africa
 One school year consists of forty-one week (196 school days)
which is divided into four terms.
 Other relevant sectors of the educational structure include special
education, private education or independent schools, adult and
non- formal education and HIV/AIDS education.

Educational System in United
Kingdom

 In England, education is compulsory for children ages 5-16.
 Most children attend primary schools until they are eleven and the
transfer to secondary schools. In the primary school the subjects
are taught by the same teacher for a year before moving on to
the next teacher and next grade level on the next year.

Basic Education in United
Kingdom
 The national curriculum core subjects include English,
Mathematics, and Science. Each key level has definite emphasis
that gradually becomes more advanced as the level progresses.

Key Levels
 Foundation Stage
 Key Stage One
 Key Stage Two
 Key Stage Three
 Key Stage Four
 Post 16 Education

Foundation Stage
 this is included in the national curriculum which covers children
aged 3-5 years, but does not have a strong mandate as to what
needs to happen during these years of schooling as it is not yet
mandatory.

Key Stage One
 it includes children aged 5-7 years and year groups grades 1-2. It
mandates core subjects including English, Mathematics, and
Science and non-core foundation subjects as design/technology,
history, art/design, music and physical education.
 Other statutory areas are religious education, the format of which
is decided by local education authorities (LEA’S) or by the faith in
which the school was founded.

Key Stage Two
 it includes children aged 7-11 and year groups 3-6.
 It mandates the same core and non-core foundation subjects,
with more emphasis on more difficult topics and the addition of
sex education to additional statutory areas which is left up to the
policy of school governors (school board).

Key Stage Three
 it includes children aged 11-14 years and year groups 7-9. It
mandates the same basics in Key Stages One and Two, but adds
Foreign Language, and Information/ Communication Technology
to the mix while adding appropriate difficulty to the core subjects.

Key Stage Four
 it includes those aged 14-16 and year groups 10-11. It covers the
statutory program that must be taught to all students.
 Most schools include in their core curriculum courses that lead to
qualifications in each of the five subject areas which are English,
Math, Science, Information and Communication Technology (ICT),
and Physical education.

Post 16 Education
 it is not mandatory in England.
 Students can either continue education or enter working world.
 Some secondary schools go beyond the 11-16 mandates to 11-18
and the student may stay there. If the high school does not offer
these ‘Sixth Form’ extra years, the student may go to a “Further
Education College” (FEC).

 The following certificates or diploma can be awarded in the Post
16 Education.
o General Certificate of Education (GCE), a level comprising
advanced subsidiary (AS) and A2, each of these usually
containing three assessed units.
o Vocational Certificate of Education (VCE) --- a level, dealing with
the more applied aspects of the subject; they are available in
three, six, and twelve unit sizes; they replaced the advanced
o General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs).
o Foundation and Intermediate GNVQ are widely used 16-19.
o Key skills qualifications at levels 1-4 of the National Qualifications
framework.

Higher Education in United
Kingdom
 In 1992, the binary divide in the higher education system was
abolished. Former polytechnics became universities enabling them to
award their own degrees.
 Divisions continue to label pre-1992 universities as the “old” universities
and the former polytechnics as the “new” universities. Universities are
not only concerned with the undergraduate and postgraduate
teaching.
 Higher education system in the UK needs to include reference to the
Open University as a major provider of the undergraduate and
postgraduate degrees for adults.
 The Open University pioneered the way for opening access by offering
greater flexibility for adult learners through distance learning programs.

Kingdom
 Students studying at a university for their first degree are called
“undergraduates”.
 Once a student has graduated, he/she becomes a “graduate” of
the university.
 Ordinary degree programmes in the UK universities are usually 3-
year courses.
 Undergraduates completing these programmes successfully are
awarded either a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Science (B.
Sc.) degrees are not permitted to place B.A. or B.Sc after their
names.

Kingdom
 Honours degree programmes are usually four-year courses. The
degree title is extended to B.A. (Hons.) and B.Sc. (Hons.),
respectively.
 Masters degree is usually achieved after two more years study
following an Ordinary or an Honour degree.
 The students are awarded M.A. or M.Sc.

Kingdom
 A doctorate is normally awarded after several years (three years
full time) of research under the direction of a member of a
department of a possession of a doctorate and the presentation
of a doctoral dissertation or thesis.

Educational System in United
States of America

Pre-primary education
 types of school providing this education are kindergartens, nursery
schools, preschool programmes, and child/day care centers.
 Age level is 4-6 years old and the duration is 2 years.

Primary education- elementary
school-
there is varied levels of schooling in the primary education.
 Grades 1-4- children are from ages 6 to 10.
 Transition to middle school
 Grades 1 to 5- children are from ages 6 to 11
 Transition to middle school
 Grades 1-6- children are from ages 6 to 12
 Transition to junior high school
 Grades 1-7- children ages 6 to 14
 Transitions to junior high school

Middle school education
 Grades 4-6, 5-7, or 6-8.
 Age level is from 10-14
 Length of the program is 3 years.

Secondary education
 high school
 Grades 7-12 or 8-12
 Ages 12-18 years old
 High school diploma is awarded
 2 levels
 Junior high school
 Grades 7-8, 7-9, or 8-9
 Ages 12-14 years old
 Senior high school
 Grades 9-12, or 10-12
 Ages 14-18 years old.
 Duration of compulsory education is from entry of 6 years old to exit of 18 years old.

Higher Education in USA
 Higher education in the U.S. begins at the post secondary
education.
 It is diverse and autonomous community of publicly and privately
supported institutions.
 Current data states that there are some 2,819 institutions offering
Bachelor’s or higher degrees and 4,927 institutions offering shorter
non degrees of two years duration.
 These higher education institutions are classified according to the
following categories:

Higher Education Institutions
 Research universities (I and II) - Comprehensive doctorate
granting institutions that have extensive theoretical and applied
research in a wide variety of programs.
 Doctorate – granting universities (I and II) – Universities offering
comprehensive studies but awards Doctorate in limited fields or
areas.
 Master’s (Comprehensive) universities and colleges (I and II) –
Institutions offering academic and professional programmes at the
Bachelor’s and Master’s levels but do not award research
doctorate.

 Baccalaureate (Liberal Arts) Colleges (I and II)- Institutions offering
Bachelor’s degrees but not higher.
 Associate of Arts colleges- they offer academic and professional or
occupational studies at the Associate Degree level including public
community colleges and public and private junior colleges.
 Professional school and the other specialized institutions- institutions
that offer only one or few related courses in the professional or
academic with degree levels from associate to research doctorates.
 Postsecondary vocational and technical schools- institutions offering
short non-degree training programs of less than two years duration,
leading to certificates or diplomas in occupational specialties.

 Post secondary education- there is no real age categories for post
secondary education.
 American students starts college right after completing high school
(About 60% of all students who graduate from high school enter
college at some point in their life), Junior and technical colleges are
designed to be 4- year programs at the undergraduate level.
 In reality, the average American takes over 6 years to finish a four year
degree.
 The reason is that more than 50% of college freshmen do not know
what major or specialization they wish to study. Also many students
work to pay for college expenses. Thus, they may take fewer classes in
order to work.

 Vocational and technical schools operate at either the high
school or junior college levels.
 They teach skills such as secretarial, auto-mechanics,
photography, and nursing.

 College and University education- a college usually has a
Bachelor’s (4 year) program. A university may be composed of
several colleges.
 Universities often have graduate programs as well. For most
purposes, a Bachelor’s degree from a college is equivalent to a
Bachelor’s degree from a University, so that the two words
“college” and “university” mean the same thing to most
Americans.
 Classes begin in September and end in June of every year. The
language of instruction is English.

Educational System in New
Zealand

 New Zealand education system is a world-class, modern and
responsive.
 It combines proven, traditional principles of education with
innovation, creativity and fresh thinking to produce learners and
citizens equipped for the 21st century.

Basic Education in New
Zealand
 School is compulsory for all children in New Zealand from age 6-16.
 Children are eligible fro free education if they are New Zealand
citizens or residents, or if they qualify as domestic students.
 The average number of students to a teacher in every classroom is
18-1 in primary schooling and 15-1 in secondary schooling in state
schools.
 There are three types of schools in New Zealand.

3 types of school in New
Zealand
 State-funded;
 State integrated; and
 Private

Zealand
 There is a national curriculum which is set out as a learning
requirements for all state schools.
 In the basic education there are key competencies and shared
vision, principles and values.

Core subjects in New Zealand
 English
 Health and Physical Education
 Language
 Mathematics and Statistics
 Science
 Social Science
 Technology
 The Arts

Zealand
 Secondary schools may add other subjects such as accounting,
art history, media studies and specialized science and language
studies.
 There are five competencies covered by the national curriculum.

5 competencies covered by
the National Curriculum
 Thinking;
 Using language, symbols, and texts-different ways to
communicate and understand information;
 Managing self-a “can-do” attitude
 Relating to others-being able to listen, see different points of view
and share ideas; and
 Participating and contributing-big a group member and including
others.

Zealand
 The national curriculum includes a vision for the young people to be
confident, lifelong earners.
 It also requires the importance of different cultures to value:
• Excellence
• Innovation, inquiry and curiosity
• Diversity
• Respect
• Equity
• Community
• Ecological
• Integrity

Zealand
Schooling Level Years/Grades Age
Early Childhood Pre-school Birth-5 years
Primary school Years 1-8 5-13
Intermediate school Years 7-8 11-13
Secondary school Years 7-13 11-17 or 18
Tertiary University or Similar 17 onwards

Primary school
 New Zealand law requires all children aged 6 years and over to be
in schools.
 Most begin as they turn 5 years old.
 For the first three years in primary education, one grade level each
year, children are moved to another five more years before going
to secondary school.

Secondary schools
 Students progress through five levels and must stay until age 17-18.
 In the first two years of secondary, grade 9 and 10, all students
learn English, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Social
Studies, Arts, Physical Education and Health Education.
 Optional subjects in the first two years of secondary schools may
include Economics, History, Geography, Electronics, Sewing,
Keyboard skills, drama, journalism, French, Japanese and Maori.

Secondary schools
 In the last 3 years of secondary school, there is a wide range of
subjects to choose from.
 Years 12 and 13, the last two years, may suit overseas students
who wish to progress to tertiary education in New Zealand.
 There is a National Certificate in Educational Achievement (NCAE)
in New Zealand’s national qualification for secondary students.
 There are three NCAE qualifications:
• Level 1
• Level 2
• Level 3

School Term
 The New Zealand school year is divided into four terms for primary,
intermediate and secondary schools.
 Students have six week summer holiday break and three two-
week breaks between each of the four terms.
 The exact dates change from year-year.
 School day usually begins at 9:00 am and ends at 3:00 pm or 3:30
pm.

School Term
 The terms are:
 Term 1- Early February until mid-April
 Term 2- Late April until the beginning of July
 Term 3- Mid-July until later September
 Term 4- Mid-October until Mid-December

Higher Education in New
Zealand
 Universities in New Zealand
 There are 8 government-funded universities in New Zealand and all
have internationally respected academic and research standards.
 A university education is open to anyone who meets the common
standards prescribed by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority
(NZQA).
 However universities often have higher entry criteria for specific
courses like medicine, dentistry
 Students can work towards bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees
as well as diplomas at various levels.

Zealand
 Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics
 State-owed
 Offers courses that are equivalent in merit to those offered as degrees
in universities.
 There are 20 polytechnic and technology institutes in the country.
 They also offer short term courses that may be begin any time of the
year.
 Colleges of Education in most cases are merged with regional
universities.
 Course content and start dates are synchronized with the Universities.

Zealand
 There is a close relationship between the Colleges of Education and
the Ministry of Education in the in-service training of teachers which are
available on site or on-line.
 Short term courses are being offered for the professional development
of teachers.
 there is a very strong program to develop indigenous culture and
education.
 Most College of Education have extended their services to public
schools in their areas.
 The public school teachers also in the development of the pre-service
teachers by acting as mentor during their teaching practicum.

Zealand
 Private Training Institutions and English Language Programs
 There are around 800 private education providers in the country, may
of which are offering short-term English language courses.
 Some also offer courses in specific areas like business, computing ad
design.
 These private training institutions are registered and accredited by
New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

Education System in the
Philippines

Basic Education in the
Philippines (K-12)
 The K-12 basic education in the Philippines consists of
Kindergarten, 6 years of Elementary, 4 years of Junior high school,
and 2 years of Senior high school.
 Kindergarten became mandatory in SY 2012-2013.
 The teaching in Kindergarten is built around six domains.

Philippines (K-12)
 From Grade 1-10 is a core of academic subjects taught using the
spiral progression approach.
 The subjects from Grades 1-10 are the Languages (Mother Tongue,
Filipino, English), Math, Science, Social studies, TLE, MAPEH.
 Mother Tongue is used as the medium of instruction from K-Grade
3 and is taught as a subject only in Grades 1, 2 and 3.
 Science as a subject is taught only beginning Grade 3.
 TLE is taught starting Grade 4 until Grade 10.

Philippines (K-12)
 In Grades 11-12, the subjects are Languages (Filipino and English),
Math, Science, Social studies combined with TLE-Career Pathways.
 The focus in Grade 11 and 12 is on the specialization subjects that
equip the learner for the career path of his/her choice.
 These career paths come in 3 tracks- academic, techvoc and
sports and arts.
 Those college bound choose the academic specialization.

Philippines (K-12)
 Those who wish to continue the TLE specialization they had in
Grade 9 and Grade 10 may choose the techvoc track.
 another track can be sports and arts.
 Elementary Education is concerned with the learners’ mastery of
basic skills and competencies.
 Secondary education is geared towards the consolidation of
these knowledge and skills mastered at the elementary level and
is focused on equipping the learner with employable gainful skills
or preparing him/her for middle level skills development or higher
education.

Philippine basic Education
ladder
Level of Schooling Age (Years) Description
Kindergarten 5 Pre-Elementary
Grade 1 6
Elementary
(6 years)
Grade 2 7
Grade 3 8
Grade 4 9
Grade 5 10
Grade 6 11
Grade 7 12 Junior High School
(4 years)Grade 8 13
Grade 9 14
Grade 10 15
Grade 11 16 Senior High
School
(2 years)
Grade 12 17

Higher Education in the
Philippines
 Students who graduate in high school consisting of four years may
proceed to colleges, universities or technical vocational
institutions, which are classified as higher education institutions.
 Higher education institutions are supervised by a government
agency called the Commision on Higher Education or CHED.

Philippines
 Majority of the higher education institutions in the country require
entrance examination for admission to college degree programs.
 Most college degree programs are four years for baccalaureate
degrees.
 Other highly specialized field like medicine and law take around
eight years to complete.

Philippines
 For technical vocation education or post secondary education,
there are two-year courses.
 Most of the college degree programs require passing a licensure
examination for the specific profession. (Nursing, Dentistry, Medical
Technology, Medicine, Engineering and Teaching)
 The examination are given by the Professiional Regulation
Commission (PRC) while for law, the examination is given by the
Supreme Court.

Philippines
 After completing the bachelor’s or baccalaureate degrees,
courses in the masters program of two years and doctoral
program for three years are offered by authorized colleges and
universities.
 Most of these institutions have admission requirements for the
specific degrees.

Summary:
 From the different educational systems presented, we can say
that basic education is compulsory in all countries.
 This is also true to the Philippines, this is a positive response to
global education as presented by the United Nations.
 The number of years in every level, primary or secondary, for some
countries varies.
 Kindergarten or pre-school, now made compulsory by the virtue of
Republic Act 10157, institutionalizer universal kindergarten.
 For every exit level (Grade 6, Grade 10, Grade12) in the
educational structure in basic education, a student is certified
through a diploma or a certificate of completion.

Summary:
 The certificate or diploma is one of the requirements for entrenace
to higher or tertiary education which is available in almost all
countries.
 With the implementation of the K-12 in the Philippines, the number
of years in basic education is now equal to those of other
countries in the world.

Summary:
 For advanced higher education, master’s degrees and doctorate
degrees are offered in many colleges and universities of the
countries.
 You can also get enrolled for your own graduate degrees in these
colleges and universities here or abroad.

Reference:
 Bilbao, P.P; Corpuz, B.B; Llagas, A.T; Salandanan G.G.(2012). The
Teaching profession. 2nd Ed. Metro, Manila, Philippines. LORIMAR
publishing, Inc.

A Closer Look on the Education System of Selected Countries

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