Advance Research Methods for Beginners

1. M.MICHELLE FINAL YEAR M.URP
ADVANCED RESEARCH
METHODS
FIRST ASSIGNMENT
Submitted to
Dr.Abdul Razak

2. M.MICHELLE FINAL YEAR M.URP
“Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyse
information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue”.
It consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to
answer the question, and present an answer to the question.
Q.NO-1 WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Reference: Creswell, J. W. Educational Research, (2008). : Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and
qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson.
Research comprises “creative work undertaken on a systematic
basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including
knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this
stock of knowledge to devise new applications.”
Reference: OECD ,Frascati Manual, (2002) : proposed standard practice for surveys on research and experimental
development, (6th edition). Retrieved 29 July 2012 from www.oecd.org/sti/frascatimanual
“In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research
includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the
advancement of knowledge.”
Reference: Shuttleworth, Martyn “Definitions of Research”, (2008). Explorable . Retrieved 29 July 2012 from
Explorable.com.
“Any honest attempt to study a problem systematically or to
add to man’s knowledge of a problem” may be regarded as
research.
Reference: Theodorson and Theodorson 1969 cited in Reber 1995, p.663
Research is a systematic way of gathering data, a harnessing
of curiosity, provides scientific information and theories for
the explanation of the nature and the properties of the
world.
Reference: J. Scott Armstrong and Tad Sperry “Business School Prestige: Research versus Teaching”, (1994). Energy
& Environment 18 (2): 13–43.
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3. M.MICHELLE FINAL YEAR M.URP
Q.NO-2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH?
• pre-experimental,
• true experimental,
and
• quasi-experimental
quantitative qualitative mixed methods
descriptive
experimental
causal
comparative
case study
ethnography study
phenomenological
study
grounded theory
study
content analysis
Reference: Carrie Williams , Journal of Business & Economic Research – March 2007 Volume 5, Number 3 ).: Research
Methods , Grand Canyon University.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
From the viewpoint of
Application Objectives Enquiry mode
Quantitative
research
Exploratory
research
Pure
research
Applied
research
Correlational
research
Descriptive
research
Explanatory
research
Qualitative
research
Reference: Ranjit Kumar, Research methodology, a step-by-step guide for beginners – 3rd ,Sage publications Ltd.

4. M.MICHELLE FINAL YEAR M.URP
Q.NO-3 WHAT IS RESEARCH PROCESS?
8 STEP MODELLING OF RESEARCH PROCESS
PHASE I
DECIDING
WHAT TO
RESEARCH
PHASE II
PLANNING
A RESEARCH
STUDY
PHASE III
CONDUCTING
A RESEARCH
STUDY
Step I
Formulating a
research
problem
Step II
Conceptualising
a research
design
Step III
Constructing an
instrument for
data collection
Step IV
Selecting a
sample
Step V
Writing a
research
proposal
Step VI
Collecting data
Step VII
Processing and
displaying data
Step VIII
Writing a
research report
Reference: Ranjit Kumar, Research methodology, a step-by-step guide for beginners – 3rd ,Sage publications Ltd.
WHAT
Research
question to
answer
HOW
To gather evidence
to answer the
research questions
The required
information
COLLECTING

5. M.MICHELLE FINAL YEAR M.URP
Reference: Ranjit Kumar, Research methodology, a step-by-step guide for beginners – 3rd ,Sage publications Ltd.
Operational
steps
Required theoretical
knowledge
Required intermediary
knowledge
Consideration and
steps in
formulation of
research problem
Literature review
Research design
function
Methods and tools of
data collection
Sampling theory
and designs
Methods of data
processing. Use of
computers and
districts
Principles of
scientific writing
Collecting data
Processing data
Writing a research
proposal
Selecting a sample
Constructing an
instrument for data
collection
Formulating a
research problem
Conceptualising a
research design Study designs
Field test of the
research tool
Variables and
hypothesis definition
and typology
Validity and
reliability of the
research tool
Contents of the
research proposal
Writing a research
report
Costing
Developing
a code book
Editing of
the data
RESEARCH PROCESS
LEGEND
WHAT
HOW
CONDECTING
OF STUDY

6. M.MICHELLE FINAL YEAR M.URP
Q.NO-4WHATISPLANNINGPROCESS?
Source:
http://www.capella.edu/interactivemedia/informationLiteracy/index.aspx
CYCLICRESEARCHCYCLE
INITIATIONPROCESS
PLANNINGPROCESS
EXECUTINGPROCESS
MONITORING&
CONTROLLINGPROCESS
CLOSINGPROCESS
5stagesinplanningresearchcycle
Initiation
Project
charter
Approval
Adjustor
cancel
Project
cancelled
No
Yes
Planning
Planning
Collect
requirements
Beginscope
development
Projectlevel
indicators
Project
scorecard
Projectplan
Resource&
staffing
Budget
Purchases
&
acquisitions
Communications
SecurityInitial
review
Riskplan
Testing
Training
Changecontrolplan
Qualitymanagement
Scope
document
Lessons
learnt
Approval
Adjustor
cancel
Yes
No
Execution
Projectclosing
Source:http://www.itplanning.org.vt.edu/
Source:http://www.itplanning.org.vt.edu/

7. M.MICHELLE FINAL YEAR M.URP
Execution
Develop
project team
Procure /secure
resources
security
Manage project
resources
Quality assurance
Communications information
distribution
Monitoring and control
Adjust, cancel or continue Project
closing
Verify acceptance of project deliverables Final budget
Final lessons learnt
No
Yes
Adjust, cancel or continue
Project
closing
Yes
Source: http://www.itplanning.org.vt.edu/
Public participation an inevitable phase in planning process
Source: Hanover Massachusetts master plan, http://www.hanover-ma.gov/home/pages/the-master-plan-process-public-participation

8. M.MICHELLE FINAL YEAR M.URP
Q.NO-5RESEARCHQUESTIONS
QUESTION:PROPOSALFORPLANNINGOFATEXTILECLUSTERINCOIMBATORE