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Want to be an effective Improvement Kata coach? Starter Kata are practice routines of fundamentals that help you develop new habits of acting and thinking. Establish a baseline of fundamental skills, and then build on it and advance your coaching skill development. Kata are a starter—establish a baseline and then build on it and advance in your skill development. A common error is thinking of Kata as the recipe of the end game, so we're using the phrase "Starter Kata" to make it more clear. The approach is that people trying to change behaviors and learn new skills benefit from a simpler starting point.
Starter Kata for Coaching
Starter Kata for Coaching
Mike Rother
Practicing these Starter Kata helps anyone become a better scientific thinker. (The images are sharp if you download the file.)
Starter Kata for Scientific Thinking
Starter Kata for Scientific Thinking
Mike Rother
You're almost there. Add the Toyota Kata starter Kata to your use of the A3 format and it will (finally) start working as it should.
Make your A3 work as it should!
Make your A3 work as it should!
Mike Rother
A common question in the Lean community is, "How does the A3 fit with the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata?" This SlideShare provides answers and is intended to generate more effective practice of scientific thinking in your organization. Watch the related video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VwrUzIS9m8
Why Your A3 Needs the IK
Why Your A3 Needs the IK
Mike Rother
The routines of the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata teach scientific thinking & acting, and can be practiced any time you face a problem, goal or challenge. We often have a fundamental misunderstanding of what Lean is in practice. We mistake Lean solutions for the process that leads to the results. Instead, Kata gets into how to develop the less visible but essential scientific thinking that underlies Lean practices and the Lean results that we see. The reality is that very little that you see at a Toyota site is the result of one person with a big idea that got standardized across locations. More often, what you see is today’s condition, which is the result of many cycles of experimentation aimed at a particular goal and challenge. Kata is about the road to developing your own solutions, again and again! The Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata are a management system that coaches people for continuous improvement and achieving ambitious goals in all aspects of an organization.
How Kata Fits In
How Kata Fits In
Mike Rother
A quick reference for anyone practicing the scientific pattern of the Improvement Kata.
Improvement Kata Reference Guide
Improvement Kata Reference Guide
Mike Rother
This SlideShare presents tips for deploying Toyota Kata in your team or organization.
Developing Scientific Thinking in Your Team
Developing Scientific Thinking in Your Team
Mike Rother
This was a keynote presentation at the 2013 AME Annual conference in Toronto. Kata Walks are a more focused alternative to Gemba Walks, and a type of structured practice of the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata patterns.
Kata Walks
Kata Walks
Mike Rother
Recommended
Want to be an effective Improvement Kata coach? Starter Kata are practice routines of fundamentals that help you develop new habits of acting and thinking. Establish a baseline of fundamental skills, and then build on it and advance your coaching skill development. Kata are a starter—establish a baseline and then build on it and advance in your skill development. A common error is thinking of Kata as the recipe of the end game, so we're using the phrase "Starter Kata" to make it more clear. The approach is that people trying to change behaviors and learn new skills benefit from a simpler starting point.
Starter Kata for Coaching
Starter Kata for Coaching
Mike Rother
Practicing these Starter Kata helps anyone become a better scientific thinker. (The images are sharp if you download the file.)
Starter Kata for Scientific Thinking
Starter Kata for Scientific Thinking
Mike Rother
You're almost there. Add the Toyota Kata starter Kata to your use of the A3 format and it will (finally) start working as it should.
Make your A3 work as it should!
Make your A3 work as it should!
Mike Rother
A common question in the Lean community is, "How does the A3 fit with the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata?" This SlideShare provides answers and is intended to generate more effective practice of scientific thinking in your organization. Watch the related video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VwrUzIS9m8
Why Your A3 Needs the IK
Why Your A3 Needs the IK
Mike Rother
The routines of the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata teach scientific thinking & acting, and can be practiced any time you face a problem, goal or challenge. We often have a fundamental misunderstanding of what Lean is in practice. We mistake Lean solutions for the process that leads to the results. Instead, Kata gets into how to develop the less visible but essential scientific thinking that underlies Lean practices and the Lean results that we see. The reality is that very little that you see at a Toyota site is the result of one person with a big idea that got standardized across locations. More often, what you see is today’s condition, which is the result of many cycles of experimentation aimed at a particular goal and challenge. Kata is about the road to developing your own solutions, again and again! The Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata are a management system that coaches people for continuous improvement and achieving ambitious goals in all aspects of an organization.
How Kata Fits In
How Kata Fits In
Mike Rother
A quick reference for anyone practicing the scientific pattern of the Improvement Kata.
Improvement Kata Reference Guide
Improvement Kata Reference Guide
Mike Rother
This SlideShare presents tips for deploying Toyota Kata in your team or organization.
Developing Scientific Thinking in Your Team
Developing Scientific Thinking in Your Team
Mike Rother
This was a keynote presentation at the 2013 AME Annual conference in Toronto. Kata Walks are a more focused alternative to Gemba Walks, and a type of structured practice of the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata patterns.
Kata Walks
Kata Walks
Mike Rother
A collection of Improvement Kata / Coaching Kata PowerPoint slides (+ 5 short videos) for downloading. You can incorporate any of these slides in your own KATA training and presentations, and adjust them however you like. This SlideShare is not a presentation, but a set of slides that you can use for creating presentations.
Kata Slides & Graphics v4.1
Kata Slides & Graphics v4.1
Mike Rother
The book 'Learning to See' helps you create a shared picture of delivering customer value. The follow-on book 'Toyota Kata Culture' shows you how to get there.
Turning Value Stream Maps into Reality
Turning Value Stream Maps into Reality
Mike Rother
Introduction to the Improvement Kata
Introduction to the Improvement Kata
Mike Rother
This SlideShare is a detailed description of how to deploy a Coach/Learner structure in your organization, to teach people in the scientific patterns of the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata. We've been evolving this SlideShare based on our experiences since it was first posted in 2011. Use it as a guide for your own deployment efforts!
How to Deploy the Improvement Kata v7.0
How to Deploy the Improvement Kata v7.0
Mike Rother
Presentation by Persuasive Technology Lab at Stanford, Dec 29, 2010 (http://captology.stanford.edu/)
Top 10 Mistakes in Behavior Change
Top 10 Mistakes in Behavior Change
Mike Rother
A message of reform for the Lean community
The Wrong Kata
The Wrong Kata
Mike Rother
To actually change our management system we have to practice a different way.
Kata Creates Culture
Kata Creates Culture
Mike Rother
On the 20th Anniversary of the book "Learning to See" Mike Rother and Jeff Liker reflect on what they've learned about turning value stream maps into reality. In the community of Toyota Kata practitioners, VSM has evolved to fill a particular role (as described in this SlideShare) rather than being a thing unto itself. TK practitioners tend to use VSM *within* the context of a way of striving for goals - i.e., within TK's scientific way of working and thinking. (Note: You can download the PowerPoint slides via www.tinyurl.com/VSMslides)
VSM and Toyota Kata
VSM and Toyota Kata
Mike Rother
There have been many definitions of 'Lean,' often centered around cost reduction, tool/technical in nature, or describing its elements. But the idea of "Humans striving to better flow value to a customer" is a mindset that should perhaps underlie all of them, and may be a better place to start your Lean Thinking. First published in 2014.
A Definition of Lean
A Definition of Lean
Mike Rother
Improvement Kata, Coaching Kata, Mike Rother, Toyota Kata, Lean Manufacturing, Kaizen, Management, Leadership, Continuous Improvement, Toyota Way, Learning Organization, Organizational Learning, Innovation, Adaptiveness, Evolution, PDCA Cycle, Toyota Management, Lean Enterprise Institute, Creativity, Learning, Cognitive Science, Problem Solving, Brain, Human Endeavor
The Role of Challenge in Continuous Improvement
The Role of Challenge in Continuous Improvement
Mike Rother
A quick overview of what the 'Kata in the Classroom' exercise for schoolteachers is about. More information at www.katatogrow.com.
Kata in the Classroom
Kata in the Classroom
Mike Rother
We often miss the important role of prediction error.
PDCA - Learning Along the Way
PDCA - Learning Along the Way
Mike Rother
To get better at scientific thinking begin with these Starter Kata, and build on them once you master their patterns. Instructions for each Starter Kata (and much more) are in the 'Toyota Kata Practice Guide.' Download and use these PowerPoint slides if you like.
The Toyota Kata Starter Kata
The Toyota Kata Starter Kata
Mike Rother
Children seem to be naturally curious and try things in a kind of scientific manner, but as we get older this exploratory mindset seems to fade. Why does this happen? (For more on this subject watch the 5-minute video at: www.tinyurl.com/CuriosityVid)
What Kills Our Curiosity?
What Kills Our Curiosity?
Mike Rother
As with several Lean concepts of the 20th Century, we should perhaps revisit our original interpretation of this one.
The Five Whys - Are We Doing it Wrong?
The Five Whys - Are We Doing it Wrong?
Mike Rother
The Coach (manager) asks the Five Coaching Kata Questions of the Learner, to see if the Learner is working scientifically.
The Five Coaching Kata Questions
The Five Coaching Kata Questions
Mike Rother
There's a lot of interest in what the Coach/Learner dialog looks like when it's extended up-and-down across the levels of an organization. This SlideShare shows you how that works.
The Coaching Kata Chain of Coaching
The Coaching Kata Chain of Coaching
Mike Rother
A step-by-step walk-through of the scientific pattern of the Improvement Kata Model of thinking and acting.
The Improvement Kata Pattern
The Improvement Kata Pattern
Mike Rother
Kata - The heart of the coaching process at Toyota
Toyota Kata
Toyota Kata
Mike Rother
By Mike Rother May 2015
Kata Presentation
Kata Presentation
CLT Valuebased Services
Practice a pattern of scientific thinking every day with the Toyota Kata five question card. Have one for each of your team members.
Toyota Kata Five Question Card
Toyota Kata Five Question Card
Mike Rother
Start with the external customer, then you can bring in traditional Lean principles and elements.
Definition of "Lean" - Part 2
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Mike Rother
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A collection of Improvement Kata / Coaching Kata PowerPoint slides (+ 5 short videos) for downloading. You can incorporate any of these slides in your own KATA training and presentations, and adjust them however you like. This SlideShare is not a presentation, but a set of slides that you can use for creating presentations.
Kata Slides & Graphics v4.1
Kata Slides & Graphics v4.1
Mike Rother
The book 'Learning to See' helps you create a shared picture of delivering customer value. The follow-on book 'Toyota Kata Culture' shows you how to get there.
Turning Value Stream Maps into Reality
Turning Value Stream Maps into Reality
Mike Rother
Introduction to the Improvement Kata
Introduction to the Improvement Kata
Mike Rother
This SlideShare is a detailed description of how to deploy a Coach/Learner structure in your organization, to teach people in the scientific patterns of the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata. We've been evolving this SlideShare based on our experiences since it was first posted in 2011. Use it as a guide for your own deployment efforts!
How to Deploy the Improvement Kata v7.0
How to Deploy the Improvement Kata v7.0
Mike Rother
Presentation by Persuasive Technology Lab at Stanford, Dec 29, 2010 (http://captology.stanford.edu/)
Top 10 Mistakes in Behavior Change
Top 10 Mistakes in Behavior Change
Mike Rother
A message of reform for the Lean community
The Wrong Kata
The Wrong Kata
Mike Rother
To actually change our management system we have to practice a different way.
Kata Creates Culture
Kata Creates Culture
Mike Rother
On the 20th Anniversary of the book "Learning to See" Mike Rother and Jeff Liker reflect on what they've learned about turning value stream maps into reality. In the community of Toyota Kata practitioners, VSM has evolved to fill a particular role (as described in this SlideShare) rather than being a thing unto itself. TK practitioners tend to use VSM *within* the context of a way of striving for goals - i.e., within TK's scientific way of working and thinking. (Note: You can download the PowerPoint slides via www.tinyurl.com/VSMslides)
VSM and Toyota Kata
VSM and Toyota Kata
Mike Rother
There have been many definitions of 'Lean,' often centered around cost reduction, tool/technical in nature, or describing its elements. But the idea of "Humans striving to better flow value to a customer" is a mindset that should perhaps underlie all of them, and may be a better place to start your Lean Thinking. First published in 2014.
A Definition of Lean
A Definition of Lean
Mike Rother
Improvement Kata, Coaching Kata, Mike Rother, Toyota Kata, Lean Manufacturing, Kaizen, Management, Leadership, Continuous Improvement, Toyota Way, Learning Organization, Organizational Learning, Innovation, Adaptiveness, Evolution, PDCA Cycle, Toyota Management, Lean Enterprise Institute, Creativity, Learning, Cognitive Science, Problem Solving, Brain, Human Endeavor
The Role of Challenge in Continuous Improvement
The Role of Challenge in Continuous Improvement
Mike Rother
A quick overview of what the 'Kata in the Classroom' exercise for schoolteachers is about. More information at www.katatogrow.com.
Kata in the Classroom
Kata in the Classroom
Mike Rother
We often miss the important role of prediction error.
PDCA - Learning Along the Way
PDCA - Learning Along the Way
Mike Rother
To get better at scientific thinking begin with these Starter Kata, and build on them once you master their patterns. Instructions for each Starter Kata (and much more) are in the 'Toyota Kata Practice Guide.' Download and use these PowerPoint slides if you like.
The Toyota Kata Starter Kata
The Toyota Kata Starter Kata
Mike Rother
Children seem to be naturally curious and try things in a kind of scientific manner, but as we get older this exploratory mindset seems to fade. Why does this happen? (For more on this subject watch the 5-minute video at: www.tinyurl.com/CuriosityVid)
What Kills Our Curiosity?
What Kills Our Curiosity?
Mike Rother
As with several Lean concepts of the 20th Century, we should perhaps revisit our original interpretation of this one.
The Five Whys - Are We Doing it Wrong?
The Five Whys - Are We Doing it Wrong?
Mike Rother
The Coach (manager) asks the Five Coaching Kata Questions of the Learner, to see if the Learner is working scientifically.
The Five Coaching Kata Questions
The Five Coaching Kata Questions
Mike Rother
There's a lot of interest in what the Coach/Learner dialog looks like when it's extended up-and-down across the levels of an organization. This SlideShare shows you how that works.
The Coaching Kata Chain of Coaching
The Coaching Kata Chain of Coaching
Mike Rother
A step-by-step walk-through of the scientific pattern of the Improvement Kata Model of thinking and acting.
The Improvement Kata Pattern
The Improvement Kata Pattern
Mike Rother
Kata - The heart of the coaching process at Toyota
Toyota Kata
Toyota Kata
Mike Rother
By Mike Rother May 2015
Kata Presentation
Kata Presentation
CLT Valuebased Services
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Kata Slides & Graphics v4.1
Kata Slides & Graphics v4.1
Turning Value Stream Maps into Reality
Turning Value Stream Maps into Reality
Introduction to the Improvement Kata
Introduction to the Improvement Kata
How to Deploy the Improvement Kata v7.0
How to Deploy the Improvement Kata v7.0
Top 10 Mistakes in Behavior Change
Top 10 Mistakes in Behavior Change
The Wrong Kata
The Wrong Kata
Kata Creates Culture
Kata Creates Culture
VSM and Toyota Kata
VSM and Toyota Kata
A Definition of Lean
A Definition of Lean
The Role of Challenge in Continuous Improvement
The Role of Challenge in Continuous Improvement
Kata in the Classroom
Kata in the Classroom
PDCA - Learning Along the Way
PDCA - Learning Along the Way
The Toyota Kata Starter Kata
The Toyota Kata Starter Kata
What Kills Our Curiosity?
What Kills Our Curiosity?
The Five Whys - Are We Doing it Wrong?
The Five Whys - Are We Doing it Wrong?
The Five Coaching Kata Questions
The Five Coaching Kata Questions
The Coaching Kata Chain of Coaching
The Coaching Kata Chain of Coaching
The Improvement Kata Pattern
The Improvement Kata Pattern
Toyota Kata
Toyota Kata
Kata Presentation
Kata Presentation
More from Mike Rother
Practice a pattern of scientific thinking every day with the Toyota Kata five question card. Have one for each of your team members.
Toyota Kata Five Question Card
Toyota Kata Five Question Card
Mike Rother
Start with the external customer, then you can bring in traditional Lean principles and elements.
Definition of "Lean" - Part 2
Definition of "Lean" - Part 2
Mike Rother
A proposed definition for the essence of Lean, for discussion.
A Definition of "Lean" - Part 1
A Definition of "Lean" - Part 1
Mike Rother
The "Toyota Kata at University" website (http://polesante.hec.ca/TKatUniversity) is for educators interested in using Toyota Kata to teach scientific thinking, at the undergraduate, graduate and community college levels; in business schools, engineering, law, healthcare, etc. The site provides teaching materials from existing courses that are freely downloadable and can be used and modified without permission. You can add your own Toyota Kata teaching materials to the site by emailing TKatUniversity@hec.ca.
Toyota Kata at University
Toyota Kata at University
Mike Rother
Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is intended to be used as a tool and practice in conjunction with a systematic, scientific improvement process like the Improvement Kata / Coaching Kata. A future-state map 'connects the dots' of individual improvement efforts by giving them a common challenge to strive for.
How to Use VSM Correctly
How to Use VSM Correctly
Mike Rother
This short writeup explains what Toyota Kata is about and where the Improvement Kata and Coaching Kata come from.
About the Toyota Kata Research
About the Toyota Kata Research
Mike Rother
10 Things Every Learner should know and do, by Dennis E. Coates and Meredith M. Bell of Performance Support Systems, Inc.
Learning New Skills
Learning New Skills
Mike Rother
Closing remarks by Mike Rother at the European Lean Educator Conference in Stuttgart, Germany on September 19, 2014.
European Lean Educator Conference 2014 - Closing Remarks
European Lean Educator Conference 2014 - Closing Remarks
Mike Rother
This SlideShare looks at two common mindsets that inhibit learning of new skills. Any team or organization that wants to develop a culture of continuous improvement will do well to use some structured practice routines -- Kata -- for developing scientific skills, especially at the beginning.
Two Mindset Obstacles to Effective Learning
Two Mindset Obstacles to Effective Learning
Mike Rother
In its first 25 years there have been many definitions of 'Lean,' typically centered around cost reduction or tool/technical in nature. But the idea of "Humans striving to better flow value to a customer" is a mindset that should perhaps underlie all of them, and may be a better place to start our thinking.
What is 'Lean' About?
What is 'Lean' About?
Mike Rother
A "Growth Mindset" is what practicing the Improvement Kata generates. This infographic by Nigel Holmes illustrates Carol Dweck's mindset concepts. It can be purchased as a poster at: http://www.zazzle.com/mindsetworks
Two Mindsets
Two Mindsets
Mike Rother
Use this flowchart as a "you-are-here" guide when applying the Improvement Kata.
Improvement Kata Flowchart
Improvement Kata Flowchart
Mike Rother
A structured routine for conducting PDCA experiments -- and for acquiring new habits of thinking and acting -- that anyone can use right now. This SlideShare shows you how to use the PDCA CYCLES RECORD + the FIVE COACHING KATA QUESTIONS and includes two short instructional videos. This is about repeated, coached practice of structured Improvement Kata & Coaching Kata routines, as a means for developing more systematic & scientific skills, mindset and culture.
PDCA FAST START
PDCA FAST START
Mike Rother
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Toyota Kata Five Question Card
Toyota Kata Five Question Card
Definition of "Lean" - Part 2
Definition of "Lean" - Part 2
A Definition of "Lean" - Part 1
A Definition of "Lean" - Part 1
Toyota Kata at University
Toyota Kata at University
How to Use VSM Correctly
How to Use VSM Correctly
About the Toyota Kata Research
About the Toyota Kata Research
Learning New Skills
Learning New Skills
European Lean Educator Conference 2014 - Closing Remarks
European Lean Educator Conference 2014 - Closing Remarks
Two Mindset Obstacles to Effective Learning
Two Mindset Obstacles to Effective Learning
What is 'Lean' About?
What is 'Lean' About?
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Two Mindsets
Improvement Kata Flowchart
Improvement Kata Flowchart
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Proteome is a set of proteins produced in an organism, system, or biological context or entire set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain expressed time in a given set of condition. Proteomics is the study of all the proteins produced by a cell.
Proteomics: types, protein profiling steps etc.
Proteomics: types, protein profiling steps etc.
Silpa
HotJupiters are amongthebest-studied exoplanets, but it is still poorly understood how their chemical composition and cloud properties vary with longitude. Theoretical models predict that clouds may condense on the nightside and that molecular abundances can be driven out of equilibrium by zonal winds. Here we report a phase-resolved emission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b measured from 5–12µ 5–12µ 5–12µm with JWST’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). 1524 ±35 1524 ±35 and 863±23 The spectra reveal a large day–night temperature contrast (with average brightness temperatures of 1524 ± 35 863 ±23 863 ±23Kelvin, respectively) and evidence for water absorption at all orbital phases. Comparisons with three-dimensional atmospheric models show that both the phase curve shape and emission spectra strongly suggest the presence of nightside clouds which become optically thick to thermal emission at pressures greater than ∼100mbar. The dayside is consistent with a cloudless atmosphere above the mid-infrared photosphere. Con3trary to expectations from equilibrium chemistry but consistent with disequilibrium kinetics models, methane is not detected on the nightside (2σ upper limit of 1–6 parts per million, depending on model assumptions).
Nightside clouds and disequilibrium chemistry on the hot Jupiter WASP-43b
Nightside clouds and disequilibrium chemistry on the hot Jupiter WASP-43b
Sérgio Sacani
Botany is the branch of biology that deals with the scientific study of plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, and classification. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from the molecular biology of plant cells to the ecological relationships between plants and their environments. Botany is essential for understanding plant diversity, ecology, evolution, and the roles plants play in ecosystems and human societies.
Botany 4th semester series (krishna).pdf
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Theoretical predictions and observational data indicate a class of sub-Neptune exoplanets may have water-rich interiors covered by hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Provided suitable climate conditions, such planets could host surface liquid oceans. Motivated by recent JWST observations of K2-18 b, we self-consistently model the photochemistry and potential detectability of biogenic sulfur gases in the atmospheres of temperate sub-Neptune waterworlds for the first time. On Earth today, organic sulfur compounds produced by marine biota are rapidly destroyed by photochemical processes before they can accumulate to significant levels. Domagal-Goldman et al. suggest that detectable biogenic sulfur signatures could emerge in Archean-like atmospheres with higher biological production or low UV flux. In this study, we explore biogenic sulfur across a wide range of biological fluxes and stellar UV environments. Critically, the main photochemical sinks are absent on the nightside of tidally locked planets. To address this, we further perform experiments with a 3D general circulation model and a 2D photochemical model (VULCAN 2D) to simulate the global distribution of biogenic gases to investigate their terminator concentrations as seen via transmission spectroscopy. Our models indicate that biogenic sulfur gases can rise to potentially detectable levels on hydrogen-rich water worlds, but only for enhanced global biosulfur flux (20 times modern Earth’s flux). We find that it is challenging to identify DMS at 3.4 μm where it strongly overlaps with CH4, whereas it is more plausible to detect DMS and companion byproducts, ethylene (C2H4) and ethane (C2H6), in the mid-infrared between 9 and 13 μm. Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Exoplanet atmospheres (487); Exoplanet
Biogenic Sulfur Gases as Biosignatures on Temperate Sub-Neptune Waterworlds
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Sérgio Sacani
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GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 1)
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Understanding circumstellar disks is of prime importance in astrophysics, however, their birth process remains poorly constrained due to observational and numerical challenges. Recent numerical works have shown that the small-scale physics, often wrapped into a sub-grid model, play a crucial role in disk formation and evolution. This calls for a combined approach in which both the protostar and circumstellar disk are studied in concert. Aims. We aim to elucidate the small scale physics and constrain sub-grid parameters commonly chosen in the literature by resolving the star-disk interaction. Methods. We carry out a set of very high resolution 3D radiative-hydrodynamics simulations that self-consistently describe the collapse of a turbulent dense molecular cloud core to stellar densities. We study the birth of the protostar, the circumstellar disk, and its early evolution (< 6 yr after protostellar formation). Results. Following the second gravitational collapse, the nascent protostar quickly reaches breakup velocity and sheds its surface material, thus forming a hot (∼ 103 K), dense, and highly flared circumstellar disk. The protostar is embedded within the disk, such that material can flow without crossing any shock fronts. The circumstellar disk mass quickly exceeds that of the protostar, and its kinematics are dominated by self-gravity. Accretion onto the disk is highly anisotropic, and accretion onto the protostar mainly occurs through material that slides on the disk surface. The polar mass flux is negligible in comparison. The radiative behavior also displays a strong anisotropy, as the polar accretion shock is shown to be supercritical whereas its equatorial counterpart is subcritical. We also f ind a remarkable convergence of our results with respect to initial conditions. Conclusions. These results reveal the structure and kinematics in the smallest spatial scales relevant to protostellar and circumstellar disk evolution. They can be used to describe accretion onto regions commonly described by sub-grid models in simulations studying larger scale physics.
Formation of low mass protostars and their circumstellar disks
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This ppt is based on Bioinformatics topic American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)
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Defense Mechanism of the body
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 3)
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 3)
Areesha Ahmad
Mustard, as a crop, is susceptible to a variety of pests that can affect its growth and yield. Here’s a rundown of some common pests that target mustard plants: Aphids: These small, sap-sucking insects can cause significant damage by feeding on the leaves and stems. Aphids also excrete a sticky substance known as honeydew, which can lead to the growth of sooty mold on the plants. Flea Beetles: These tiny beetles jump like fleas when disturbed and chew small holes in the leaves. They are particularly damaging in the early growth stages of the plant. Cabbage Loopers: The larvae of a type of moth, these caterpillars are known for their distinctive looping movement. They chew large holes in the leaves and can defoliate plants if present in large numbers. Diamondback Moth Larvae: Another caterpillar pest, these larvae chew small holes in the leaves and can cause extensive damage, especially when infestations are heavy. Whiteflies: These are tiny, winged insects that feed on plant sap and can quickly become a problem in greenhouse or close planting conditions. Like aphids, they also secrete honeydew. Cutworms: These are the larvae of certain types of moths and are known for cutting young plants at the stem base at ground level. They are most destructive during the night. Root Maggots: The larvae of root maggot flies, these pests attack the roots of mustard plants, causing wilting and potentially killing young plants. Harlequin Bugs: These are colorful stink bugs that suck the sap from mustard plant stems and leaves, causing the leaves to become stippled, wilt, and eventually die if the infestation is severe. Mustard Sawfly: The larvae of the mustard sawfly can cause considerable defoliation, as they feed voraciously on the leaves. Clubroot: Caused by a fungus-like organism, clubroot affects the roots, causing them to swell and distort. While technically a disease, it is often associated with pest management because controlling it involves similar preventative strategies. Control Measures: Managing pests in mustard involves a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical methods. Crop rotation, resistant varieties, timely sowing, maintaining plant health, and using natural predators like ladybugs and parasitic wasps can help keep pest populations under control. Chemical pesticides should be used as a last resort due to their potential impact on the environment and non-target species.
Pests of mustard_Identification_Management_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of mustard_Identification_Management_Dr.UPR.pdf
PirithiRaju
RAHB
GUIDELINES ON SIMILAR BIOLOGICS Regulatory Requirements for Marketing Authori...
GUIDELINES ON SIMILAR BIOLOGICS Regulatory Requirements for Marketing Authori...
Lokesh Kothari
Bollworms are among the most damaging pests in cotton cultivation, affecting the bolls where the cotton fibers are formed. There are several species of bollworms, each capable of causing significant yield loss and quality degradation if not effectively managed. Here’s a detailed look at the primary bollworm species affecting cotton: Cotton Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera): Also known as the corn earworm or the Old World bollworm, this pest is found in many regions around the world. It is highly polyphagous (feeds on many different plants) and poses a threat not only to cotton but also to maize, tomatoes, and legumes. The larvae bore into the cotton bolls, feeding on the developing seeds and fibers, which can lead to boll rot. Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella): A significant pest of cotton, the pink bollworm larvae infest the cotton bolls, feeding on the seeds and lint. This can severely damage or destroy the bolls. In regions where pink bollworms are prevalent, they have been a major driver for the adoption of genetically engineered Bt cotton, which expresses a bacterium gene toxic to certain insects. Tobacco Budworm (Heliothis virescens): Closely related to the cotton bollworm, the tobacco budworm primarily attacks tobacco but is also a common pest in cotton. It primarily damages the flowers and bolls of the cotton plant. Differentiating between the tobacco budworm and the cotton bollworm based on appearance can be challenging, but it is crucial for effective management. American Bollworm (Helicoverpa zea): Known in some regions as the corn earworm, it is similar in behavior to Helicoverpa armigera and poses a threat to a variety of crops, including cotton. The larvae attack the cotton bolls, leading to direct damage to the cotton lint and seeds. Management Strategies: Cultural Controls: Crop rotation, destruction of crop residues, and deep plowing can help break the pest’s life cycle. Timing of planting can also be adjusted to avoid peak pest infestation. Biological Controls: Natural enemies like Trichogramma wasps, which parasitize bollworm eggs, and predators such as lacewings and ladybugs can be encouraged. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) products can also be sprayed, which are particularly effective against young larvae. Chemical Controls: Insecticides may be required when infestation levels exceed economic thresholds. However, resistance management must be considered, alternating modes of action to avoid developing resistance. Genetic Approaches: Bt cotton, genetically modified to express Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, has been highly effective in controlling bollworms and has dramatically reduced the reliance on chemical insecticides. Monitoring and Scouting: Regular field scouting and using pheromone traps to monitor adult populations can help in timely and targeted application of control measures. The effective management of bollworms often requires an integrated approach
Pests of cotton_Borer_Pests_Binomics_Dr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cotton_Borer_Pests_Binomics_Dr.UPR.pdf
PirithiRaju
Control of Microorganisms
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 2)
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 2)
Areesha Ahmad
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Damini Dixit
This presentation offers the bird's eye view of the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It also addresses the origin of eukaryotic cells from the prokaryotic cell by the endosymbiotic theory.
CELL -Structural and Functional unit of life.pdf
CELL -Structural and Functional unit of life.pdf
Nistarini College, Purulia (W.B) India
Research Methodology
COST ESTIMATION FOR A RESEARCH PROJECT.pptx
COST ESTIMATION FOR A RESEARCH PROJECT.pptx
FarihaAbdulRasheed
This Presentation provide all information about 'Forensic Biology and it's biological Significance ' Forensic Biology is the application of concepts and procedures used in the biological sciences, typically in a medico-legal context. Forensic biologists analyze cellular and tissue samples, as well as physiological fluids that are relevant to a legal investigation.
Forensic Biology & Its biological significance.pdf
Forensic Biology & Its biological significance.pdf
rohankumarsinghrore1
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