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Winegrowing @ Vilafonté
November 22, 2011
@ Vilafonté
Phil Freese & Edward Pietersen
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Today: “Today: “Beginning With The End In MindBeginning With The End In Mind””
• Defining ‘target’ wine characteristics and attributes
– “Absolute” vs. “Relative”
• Know the site: Soils, Climate, Plant materials
• Know the ‘tools’ available to drive the outcome for the wines
• Design vineyard and wine growing to meet the wine
objectives using the best ‘tools’
• Seasonal wine growing = “The Game Plan”
– Management is sensitive to
• “The Game Plan” & overall wine objectives  above
• The season  The “Plan” becomes Reality of season
Vilafonte viticulture technical
 Training is VSP
 Vine spacing (1.2 x 1.6 m) = (4.0 x 5.25 feet)
 5,200 vines/ha = 2,112 vines/acre
Vilafonté Vineyard:Vilafonté Vineyard:
Variety Ha Clone(s)
Rootstock Plant - Year
CF 0.68 623 & 214 101-14 1999
CS 6.08 163, 37, 341 101-14 1998 & 1999
ME 4.86 343 & 348 101-14 1998, 1999, 2007
MA 2.83 46, 71, 1 101-14 & R99 1998, 2006
14.45
Technology @ Vilafonté: “Appropriate for theTechnology @ Vilafonté: “Appropriate for the
time”time”
500 Million years ago

Current way to assess
soil variability – pre-
plant 
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Key Wine Growing Issues for VilafonteKey Wine Growing Issues for Vilafonte
Soils
“Old” soils – highly weathered
Sub-surface drainage installed prior to planting
row orientation to facilitate drainage
“Vilafontes” is one of the soil types  Vilafonté
Managing for wine characters and style:Managing for wine characters and style:
Training and pruning to set shoot number and position –
fruit display
Water management – time & amount-stress – Build
‘sufficient’ canopy
Leaf Water Potential (LWP) pressure bomb
Drainage
Crop control & Managing for uniformity of fruit ripening
 Low yields per vine and good yields per hectare
7 tons/Ha = 1.4 Kg/vine (3.1 pounds per vine)
 Intensity of character
 Severe thinning fruit to ‘capacity’ of the shoots
 Severe veraison thinning – achieve uniformly ripe fruit
Key Wine Growing Issues for VilafonteKey Wine Growing Issues for Vilafonte
Climate
“Mediterranean”
Winter rainfall area - about 25 - 30 inches (April –
September)
Low frost potential in the spring
“Mild” summers
Warm days and nights
Higher relative humidity vs. California – less vine stress
extremes
Somewhat more regular ripening weather
(more shallow diurnal temperature changes)
Long post-harvest time for vine-ripeness
Regular phenology
Approximately 105 – 110 days, bloom to harvest
G. Jones (2006)
Grape Vine Phenology Dates And Data:Grape Vine Phenology Dates And Data:
Some Practical Uses Within The Growing season:Some Practical Uses Within The Growing season:
• Phenology is your ‘timeline’ for the growing season
– Budburst to flowering is a ‘squishy’ number (heat limiting in spring)
– Other stages are very reproducible (heat saturated – in most “New World”
areas)
• Timing between events is very regular season-to-season
for a given site, variety and vineyard block
• Timing within an event is a measure of variability
– Number of elapsed days from 5% to 95%
• Net – you can project timing of vine events from your phenology data:
– Flowering dates and fungicide sprays
– Cutoff date for last sulfur application to avoid residue on fruit
– Water management – choose a stress level (severity) and (time) to hit this level
– When you need to do veraison thinning
– Harvest timing
– French plan their summer vacations!
Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations:
The Vineyard TeamThe Vineyard Team
Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations:
Pruning
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations:
Pruning
Suckering
Canopy
Side shoots
Wire shifting & Shoot positioning
Dealing With The Natural Variability OfDealing With The Natural Variability Of
VineyardsVineyards
• Weak shoots
• Veraison thinning
• Selective harvest of sub-areas to achieve uniform lots
• Berry sorting at the winery after de-stemming
Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations:
Pruning
Suckering
Canopy
Side shoots
Wire lifting & Shoot positioning
Water management
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations:
Pruning
Suckering
Canopy
Side shoots
Wire lifting & Shoot positioning
Water management
Veraison thinning
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations:
Pruning
Suckering
Canopy
Side shoots
Wire lifting & Shoot positioning
Water management
Veraison thinning
Harvest
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Vilafonte viticulture technical
Vilafonte viticulture technical
The Vine: Uneven Fruit RipeningThe Vine: Uneven Fruit Ripening
• Non-uniform ripening of fruit is probably a large positive benefit for better
evolutionary competition
– More chances to have animals feed on some of the berries as they come ripe:
• Better chance of ripening in the migration time of birds
– Better chance of surviving different climate conditions
• Non-uniform ripening is not positive for winemaking objectives!
– Lack of ‘focus’ of aroma and flavor – mixed berry characters
• Variations within:
– Vineyard – area to area
– Vine – bunch to bunch
– Cluster – berry to berry
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index = NDVINormalized Difference Vegetation Index = NDVI
(Spatial Variation of Vegetative Index)(Spatial Variation of Vegetative Index)

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Vilafonte viticulture technical

  • 1. Winegrowing @ Vilafonté November 22, 2011 @ Vilafonté Phil Freese & Edward Pietersen
  • 3. Today: “Today: “Beginning With The End In MindBeginning With The End In Mind”” • Defining ‘target’ wine characteristics and attributes – “Absolute” vs. “Relative” • Know the site: Soils, Climate, Plant materials • Know the ‘tools’ available to drive the outcome for the wines • Design vineyard and wine growing to meet the wine objectives using the best ‘tools’ • Seasonal wine growing = “The Game Plan” – Management is sensitive to • “The Game Plan” & overall wine objectives  above • The season  The “Plan” becomes Reality of season
  • 5.  Training is VSP  Vine spacing (1.2 x 1.6 m) = (4.0 x 5.25 feet)  5,200 vines/ha = 2,112 vines/acre
  • 6. Vilafonté Vineyard:Vilafonté Vineyard: Variety Ha Clone(s) Rootstock Plant - Year CF 0.68 623 & 214 101-14 1999 CS 6.08 163, 37, 341 101-14 1998 & 1999 ME 4.86 343 & 348 101-14 1998, 1999, 2007 MA 2.83 46, 71, 1 101-14 & R99 1998, 2006 14.45
  • 7. Technology @ Vilafonté: “Appropriate for theTechnology @ Vilafonté: “Appropriate for the time”time” 500 Million years ago  Current way to assess soil variability – pre- plant 
  • 9. Key Wine Growing Issues for VilafonteKey Wine Growing Issues for Vilafonte Soils “Old” soils – highly weathered Sub-surface drainage installed prior to planting row orientation to facilitate drainage “Vilafontes” is one of the soil types  Vilafonté
  • 10. Managing for wine characters and style:Managing for wine characters and style: Training and pruning to set shoot number and position – fruit display Water management – time & amount-stress – Build ‘sufficient’ canopy Leaf Water Potential (LWP) pressure bomb Drainage Crop control & Managing for uniformity of fruit ripening  Low yields per vine and good yields per hectare 7 tons/Ha = 1.4 Kg/vine (3.1 pounds per vine)  Intensity of character  Severe thinning fruit to ‘capacity’ of the shoots  Severe veraison thinning – achieve uniformly ripe fruit
  • 11. Key Wine Growing Issues for VilafonteKey Wine Growing Issues for Vilafonte Climate “Mediterranean” Winter rainfall area - about 25 - 30 inches (April – September) Low frost potential in the spring “Mild” summers Warm days and nights Higher relative humidity vs. California – less vine stress extremes Somewhat more regular ripening weather (more shallow diurnal temperature changes) Long post-harvest time for vine-ripeness Regular phenology Approximately 105 – 110 days, bloom to harvest
  • 13. Grape Vine Phenology Dates And Data:Grape Vine Phenology Dates And Data: Some Practical Uses Within The Growing season:Some Practical Uses Within The Growing season: • Phenology is your ‘timeline’ for the growing season – Budburst to flowering is a ‘squishy’ number (heat limiting in spring) – Other stages are very reproducible (heat saturated – in most “New World” areas) • Timing between events is very regular season-to-season for a given site, variety and vineyard block • Timing within an event is a measure of variability – Number of elapsed days from 5% to 95% • Net – you can project timing of vine events from your phenology data: – Flowering dates and fungicide sprays – Cutoff date for last sulfur application to avoid residue on fruit – Water management – choose a stress level (severity) and (time) to hit this level – When you need to do veraison thinning – Harvest timing – French plan their summer vacations!
  • 14. Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations: The Vineyard TeamThe Vineyard Team
  • 18. Dealing With The Natural Variability OfDealing With The Natural Variability Of VineyardsVineyards • Weak shoots • Veraison thinning • Selective harvest of sub-areas to achieve uniform lots • Berry sorting at the winery after de-stemming
  • 19. Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations: Pruning Suckering Canopy Side shoots Wire lifting & Shoot positioning Water management
  • 21. Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations: Pruning Suckering Canopy Side shoots Wire lifting & Shoot positioning Water management Veraison thinning
  • 24. Vineyard Operations:Vineyard Operations: Pruning Suckering Canopy Side shoots Wire lifting & Shoot positioning Water management Veraison thinning Harvest
  • 30. The Vine: Uneven Fruit RipeningThe Vine: Uneven Fruit Ripening • Non-uniform ripening of fruit is probably a large positive benefit for better evolutionary competition – More chances to have animals feed on some of the berries as they come ripe: • Better chance of ripening in the migration time of birds – Better chance of surviving different climate conditions • Non-uniform ripening is not positive for winemaking objectives! – Lack of ‘focus’ of aroma and flavor – mixed berry characters • Variations within: – Vineyard – area to area – Vine – bunch to bunch – Cluster – berry to berry
  • 31. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index = NDVINormalized Difference Vegetation Index = NDVI (Spatial Variation of Vegetative Index)(Spatial Variation of Vegetative Index)

Editor's Notes

  1. Weak shoots and irregular ripening A built in survival technique for the vines, not have all fruit ripen at same time Seed ripeness and propagation of the vines – wide window of opportunity for birds, etc. Role of verasion thinning @ 1.5 Brix per week 2 week wide window of flowering  to minimum of 3 Brix wide window To get average Brix right = field sample Must have some very over-ripe fruit Field sample is a mixture of under and over-ripe fruit Effects of unripe fruit in the mix of ripe fruit Action is to remove the unripe = green fruit in reds At about 85% coloring, drop out the green fruit If crop is large, do your crop thinning at this time Assumes the vine is not grossly overcropped All weak shoot fruit is off already – get it early when less time critical This work is time-critical, lot of acres to cover in few days Do a variability study
  2. #20