Studies have shown that applying Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) and related meta-cognitive learning strategies is an efficient way how to increase the learning progress. However, this is quite challenging to be facilitated with learning technologies as such training requires an individualized approach and a right balance between the learner’s freedom and guidance. Personalisation and adaptive technologies have a high potential to support SRL and have been applied in Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) that can enable customization and guidance of various strength and at various levels. We present an approach and framework that integrates guidance and reflection support for SRL in PLEs. The ROLE project has elaborated an operational SRL model and implemented a system accordingly. Concrete examples following this design have been created and evaluated in various settings, involving both students and teachers. In the BOOST project we aim to elaborate this approach in order to support competence development and informal training in small companies. The lecture introduces a brief theoretical background from various perspectives including education, psychology and neuroscience. Then technological solutions are proposed and case studies from several projects presented. Finally evaluation challenges will be discussed.

1. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 1
Learning
Layers
Supporting Self-Regulated Learning
by Personal Learning Environments
Milos Kravcik
Advanced Community Information Systems (ACIS)
RWTH Aachen University, Germany
kravcik@dbis.rwth-aachen.de
JTEL Summer School, Malta, April 29, 2014

2. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 2
Learning
Layers
Agenda
Motivation: Effective & Efficient Learning
Pedagogy: Self-Regulated Learning
Technology: Personal Learning Environments
Implementation: Case Studies
Evaluation Issues
Conclusion

3. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 3
Learning
Layers
Question 1
What is the most important thing
you have learned in school?

4. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 4
Learning
Layers
Question 2
What is the most important thing
you should have learned in
school?

5. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 5
Learning
Layers
Motivation – Erwin Wagenhofer
ALPHABET
“What we learn shapes our stock of knowledge,
but how we learn shapes our thinking.”
http://youtu.be/b_-KrJseVUo
http://www.alphabet-film.com/

6. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 6
Learning
Layers
Motivation – Noam Chomsky
The Purpose of Education
“Education is really aimed at helping students
get to the point where they can learn on their
own...”
“It doesn't matter what we cover,
it matters what you discover.”
http://youtu.be/DdNAUJWJN08

7. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 7
Learning
Layers
Motivation – Richard Feynman
The Pleasure of Finding Things Out
http://youtu.be/Bgaw9qe7DEE

8. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 8
Learning
Layers
Motivation – Sir Ken Robinson
Finding Your Element
How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and
Transform Your Life
http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/30/ted-talk-legend-
sir-ken-robinson-talks-to-time/
http://sirkenrobinson.com/?page_id=420
http://youtu.be/3TAqSBMZDY8

9. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 9
Learning
Layers
Our Education System

10. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 10
Learning
Layers
Self-Regulated Learning
SRL: monitoring & managing of cognitive
processes, control over emotions, motivations,
behavior, learning environment (Nilson 2013)
Application of SRL
increases the effectiveness
of education
Issue: few students are
self-directed learners

11. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 11
Learning
Layers
2 Kinds of Thinking
Automatic system (AS):
– gut reaction:
• intuitive, rapid, instinctive
• associated with the oldest
parts of the brain
Reflective system (RS)
– conscious thought:
• rational, deliberate,
self-conscious

12. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 12
Learning
Layers
Proposed Solution
Libertarian paternalism:
preserves liberty and tries to influence choices in a way
that will make choosers better off, as judged by
themselves
• This influence can be realized via suitable
alerts or nudges
• A nudge should alert people’s behavior
in a predictable way and at the same time it
should be easy and cheap to avoid
The golden rule of libertarian paternalism:
offer nudges that are most likely to help and least likely
to inflict harm
Sunstein, Thaler (2008). Nudge.

13. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 13
Learning
Layers
ROLE Self-Regulated Learning
Process Model
based on Zimmermann Model [Zimmermann, 2002]
Nussbaumer, ICWL 2012
learner profile information
is defined and revised
learner finds and selects
learning resources
learner works on selected
learning resources
plan
learnreflect
ideal learner can control the own
learning process
typical learners needs
support and guidance
learner reflects and reacts
on strategies, achievements,
and usefulness

14. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 14
Learning
Layers
Technological Support
Challenge: how to facilitate SRL by technology?
• individualized approach
• right balance between freedom and guidance
Aim: integrating guidance & reflection
Proposed solution:
Personal Learning Environment (PLE)

15. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 15
Learning
Layers
ROLE
Cognitive Learning Strategies
Nussbaumer, A., Dahrendorf, D., Schmitz, H. C., Kravčík, M., Berthold, M., & Albert, D. (2014). Recommender and guidance strategies for
creating personal mashup learning environments. Computer Science and Information Systems, 11(1), 321-342.

16. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 16
Learning
Layers
ROLE
Metacognitive Learning Strategies
Nussbaumer, A., Dahrendorf, D., Schmitz, H. C., Kravčík, M., Berthold, M., & Albert, D. (2014). Recommender and guidance strategies for
creating personal mashup learning environments. Computer Science and Information Systems, 11(1), 321-342.

17. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 17
Learning
Layers
ROLE
SRL Ontology
Ontology consists of learning strategies and techniques
Approach based on [Mandl & Friedrich, 2006]
Nussbaumer, ICWL 2012

18. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 18
Learning
Layers
LEARNING LAYERS
Informal Workplace Learning
Source: Petru Nicolaescu

19. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 19
Learning
Layers
BOOST
SME Learning - Manager Area

20. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 20
Learning
Layers
BOOST
SME Learning - Trainer Area

21. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 21
Learning
Layers
BOOST
SME Learning - Employee Area

22. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 22
Learning
Layers
Evaluation Issues
Short term
• usability
• workload
• learning outcome
Mid term
• adoption of SRL
Long term
• adoption of SRL
• usage (quantitative evaluation)
Source: Dominik Renzel
Source: Marcel Berthold

23. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 23
Learning
Layers
Conclusion
SRL is crucial for cultivation of lifelong learning
competences
How to facilitate SRL by technology?
• individualized approach
• right balance between freedom and guidance
Proposed solution: PLE
• recommendations
• reflection
How to evaluate SRL (in informal settings)?
• Community Learning Analytics (various roles)

24. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
M. Kravcik
JTEL
Summer School
April 2014
Slide 24
Learning
Layers
References
ROLE project:
Responsive Open Learning Environments
http://www.role-project.eu/
Learning Layers project:
Scaling up Technologies for Informal Learning
in SME Clusters
http://learning-layers.eu/
BOOST project:
Business perfOrmance imprOvement through
individual employee Skills Training
http://www.boost-project.eu/