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KNOWLEDGE that STICKS!




real estate investing
                                   an introduction
                                     to the subject




                   by jim randel

  “I’ve tracked Jimmy’s incredible run of successful
      real estate investments for twenty years.”
         Jeff Dunne / Vice Chairman, CB Richard Ellis
The Easiest                                                        Leverage – the debt
                                                                                                                                                                                 you put on a property. A
     KEY TERMS                                                                                             Learning There Is!!                                                   property with no debt on

Adding Value – an
                                credit cards                                                                                                                                     it is called “unleveraged.”
                                                                how to master the
investment strategy that                                         credit card game                                                                                                Manager(s) – person or
requires the owner to                                                                                                                                                            people who run an LLC.
                                                                                                               the housing crisis
play an active role in                                                                                                              what every homeowner
increasing the value of                                                                                                              and homebuyer needs
                                                                                                                                                  to know
                                                                                                                                                                                 Members – owners of an
his/her property.                                                                                                                                                                LLC.

Cap or Capitalization
                                                           by jim randel


                                “I love this book. It can literally save you a fortune!”
                                                                                                                                                                                 Net Operating Income –
Rate – the percentage
                                                Gerri Detweiler / National Credit Card Expert
                                                                                                                                                                                 the result after subtracting
which represents the                                                                                                                                                             Operating Expenses
return an investor will      “I love this book. It can                                                                                                                           from Gross Rents.
                             literally save you a fortune!”
                                                                                                                                    by jim randel




accept when buying on
                                                                                                                “This book performs an extraordinary public service.”
                                                                                                                     Richard Blumenthal, Attorney General State of Connecticut


                                                                                                                                                                                 Pro Forma – an outline
an unleveraged basis (no     Gerri Detweiler, National Credit
                             Card Expert                                                                   “This book performs an                                                of projected gross rents,
debt).
                                                                                                            extraordinary public service ...”                                    operating expenses, and
                                                                                                           Richard Blumenthal                                                    NOI.
Cash Flow – the result                                                                                     Connecticut Attorney General
after subtracting debt                                                                                                                                                           Return on Investment –
payments from Net                                                                                                                                                                the annual yield a buyer
Operating Income.                  willpower                                                                                                                                     or investor receives on
                                                                     how to develop
                                                                       self-discipline
                                                                                                                                                                                 his capital invested.
Equity – the difference
between the value of                                                                                          real estate investing                                              Syndication – the raising
real estate and the debt                                                                                                                            an introduction
                                                                                                                                                      to the subject             of money to buy an asset
against it. Sometimes                                                                                                                                                            by selling off shares
people use the word                                                                                                                                                              (syndicating) to investors.
“equity” to reference a                                   by jim randel                                                                                                          The person creating the
person’s investment,           “A Very Enjoyable Read!” Ken Blanchard, author of The One Minute Manager®
                                                                                                                                                                                 deal is often called the
e.g., “return on equity.”                                                                                                                                                        syndicator.
                             “Don’t let the stick figures                                                                             by jim randel




LLC (limited liability        fool you ... Jim Randel will
                                                                                                                   “I’ve tracked Jimmy’s incredible run of successful
                                                                                                                       real estate investments for twenty years.”
                                                                                                                            Jeff Dunne, Vice Chairman, CB Richard Ellis


                              have you laughing and
company) – a common
                              thinking at the same time.
form of real estate owner-    A very enjoyable read!”                                                      “I’ve tracked Jimmy’s incredible
ship especially when                                                                                       run of successful real estate
                              Ken Blanchard, author                                                        investments for twenty years.”
there are several owners.     The One Minute Manager ®                                                     Jeff Dunne, Vice Chairman, CB

 www.theskinnyon.com          www.theskinnyon.com
                                                                                                           Richard Ellis
The Skinny on Real Estate Investing
real estate investing
   an introduction to the subject




          Jim Randel
Welcome to a new series of publications entitled The Skinny
                                                                                        On™, a progression of drawings, dialogue and text intended
                                                                                        to convey information in a concise and entertaining fashion.

                                                                                        In our time-starved and information-overloaded culture, most
Copyright © 2009 by Jim Randel                                                          of us have far too little time to read. As a result, our under-
No part of this publication may be transmitted in any form or by any means,
                                                                                        standing of important subjects often tends to float on the
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or by an information         surface – without the insights of writings from thinkers and
storage and retrieval system, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections
107 or 108 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act, without the prior written consent of
                                                                                        teachers who have spent years studying these subjects.
the Publisher.

This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in
                                                                                        Our series is intended to address this situation. Our team
regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that neither    of readers and researchers has done a ton of homework
the Author nor the Publisher is engaged in rendering legal, accounting, financial
or other professional services. If legal advice or other expert assistance is
                                                                                        preparing our books for you. We read everything we could
required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Neither the        find on the topic at hand and spoke with the experts. Then
Publisher nor the Author shall be liable for damages, directly or indirectly, arising
herefrom.
                                                                                        we mixed in our own experiences and distilled what we have
                                                                                        learned into this “skinny” book for your benefit.
ISBN: 978-0-9818935-6-3
Ebook ISBN: 978-0-9818935-6-3
Library of Congress: 2008939253                                                         Our goal is to do the reading for you, identify what is impor-
IllustrationDesign:                                                                     tant, distill the key points, and present them in a book that is
                                                                                        both instructive and enjoyable to read.

         For information address Rand Media Co, 265 Post Road West,                     Although minimalist in design, we do take our message very
                   Westport, CT, 06880 or call (203) 226-8727.
                                                                                        seriously. Please do not confuse format with content. The
   The Skinny On™ books are available for special promotions and premiums.              time you invest reading this book will be paid back to you
    For details contact: Donna Hardy, call (203) 222-6295 or visit our website:
                             www.theskinnyon.com
                                                                                        many, many times over.
                      Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
925–4919
FOREWORD
I am really excited about writing this book. I have been an active
real estate investor for thirty years. I have bought and sold
single-family houses, small multi-family properties, apartment
complexes, retail centers, office buildings, factories, warehouses
and land.

I have had some terrific successes. I have also had some huge
failures. I am hoping that I can give you a framework to mirror
my successes and avoid my flops.

In 2006 I wrote a book about my career as an investor, Confessions
of a Real Estate Entrepreneur (McGraw Hill). I was honored
when Robert Bruss, a highly-respected columnist, rated Confessions
“a 12...on a scale of 1 to 10!” In that book I speak to the good
deals I did ... and also the mistakes.

And, I have been a guest speaker at business schools (Harvard
and NYU), at annual realtor conventions (NAR, Re/Max) and
at investor clubs around the country.

As you might expect, I have some definite opinions about real
estate investing. And so I am writing The Skinny on Real Estate
Investing to give you the perspective and guidance of someone
who has been “around the block” more than a few times.
“Hi, my name is Jim Randel and I am
going to be telling you the story of Billy
and Beth, a nice young couple who
want to better themselves financially.
Unfortunately, they are susceptible to
the devices of clever marketers who
sell seminars and products promoting
real estate investing as a quick, ‘risk-
free’ path to wealth.”




                                             1
“When I speak around the country I tell people   SAY “HELLO” TO BILLY AND BETH.
a little bit about my background. I grew up
in Perkins Township, Ohio … which is near
Sandusky, Ohio – the roller coaster capital of
the Midwest. When I was a kid, there was not
much to do in Perkins so I spent my summers
riding roller coasters.”




2                                                                                                4



                    “Little did I know that
                    this activity was                   “Beth, look at this e-mail from a guy
                    great preparation for               who makes $20,000 a month owning
                    the life of an active               real estate ... he works just weekends
                    real estate investor.”              and uses very little of his own money!
                                                        He has invited me to attend a seminar
                                                        he is giving. And it is totally free.”




3                                                                                                5
“I started with no money. Then I
                             “Yes, of course, Beth. With     discovered a fool-proof strategy for
      “I don’t know,         most things. But real estate    buying and flipping real estate. In         Real Estate
                             is different. Look at all the                                              Money Makers
      Billy… Don’t you                                       no time, I owned 12 houses and               Seminar
      think that whatever    testimonials he has.”           had $20,000 coming in each and
      sounds too good to                                     every month.”
      be true usually is?”
                                                                         “YES! I want
                                                                         some of that.”




  6                                                                                                                    8



Why do I have a bad
feeling about this??                    “Beth, what do
                                        I have to lose?       “And so you shall, my friend. We here at Real Estate
                                        The seminar           Money Makers want to share our secrets with you.
                                        is free!”             So we have prepared a Money Makers System – 8
                                                              CDs and a workbook – that is available exclusively
                                                              to attendees at this conference.

                                                              “The retail value of this offering
                                                              is $1,200 but for those of you
                                                              who buy today, and today only,
                                                              the price is only $399!!”




  7                                                                                                                    9
“Beth, it was terrific. There are many
                                                                       strategies I can learn that will make us
                                                                       lots of extra money investing in real estate.
                                                                       And there is a money-back guarantee. If
                                                                       we do not double our net worth within two
                                                                       years, we get our money back.”
                                             T


                                                                                                                        “But, Billy...”




                                                                                  Real Estate
                                                                                    Money
                                                                                   Makers


                         Billy envisioning himself as “Guess Who?”.
        10                                                                                                                                12


                                             Something tells me that
                12                           whatever is in that bag
            9        3
                                             was not free.             “And listen to this, Beth. Next
                6
                                                                       month Real Estate Money
                                                                       Makers is having a boot camp
                                                                       for beginners. If I register
                                                                       today, it is only $2,000!”

                                                                                                                       “But, Billy…”


Real
     Est
  Mon ate
      e
 Mak y
     ers




                                                                                  Real Estate
                                                                                    Money
                                                                                   Makers




        11                                                                                                                                13
“I’ve got to stop Billy
     “Beth … I feel really                                                    from wasting $2,000.
     good about this …
     real estate is the                                                       I’m a little scared, but
     safest investment                                                        how hard can this be?” *
     you can make.”




               Real Estate
                 Money
                Makers                                                                    *Did you catch
                                                                                          the metaphor?    16
14



                      BUT JIM IS CONCERNED.



               “Why did this have to have to happen
               on the day of my first solo sky-dive?”




                                                                        !!!
                                                                     LY
                                                                  O
                                                                 M
                                                            LY
                                                         O
                                                        H
15                                                                                                         17
OUCH!
     OUCH!
                        “My name is Jim
     OUCH!              Randel and I am a
                        seasoned real estate
                        investor. I don’t want        “And this is how
                        you to waste $2,000           you normally
                        signing up for some           introduce yourself
                        silly boot camp.”             to people?”
                                                                            “Billy, let’s
                                                                            go inside
                                                                            and lock
                                                                            the doors.”




18                                                                                    20




                        “Well, no, not usually. But
                        I felt it was an emergency.
                                                                           “Let’s hear
                        You were about to call
                                                                           him out
                        and register.”
                                                                           Billy.”




             “Are you
             nuts?! …
             Who are
             you?”



19                                                                                    21
“I have made my living buying and selling
 “I hate promoters who downplay the risk,                       real estate. I would like to offer you my
 time and effort that is required to make                       services free of charge – no upselling, no
 money with real estate. I just don’t want                      hidden agenda, no promotions. I just
 you to sign on to something and then be                        want to explain my thinking on real estate
 disappointed.”                                                 investing. Would you give me one hour
                                                “Would you
                                                like a cup of   to do that?”
                                                                                                             “Yes … when?”
                                                coffee?”




22                                                                                                                           24




      “Yes, thank you … and             “Next time
      some aspirin please.”             call first.”
                                                                 “If it’s OK with you,
                                                                 let’s start now.”            “OK, now it is.”




23                                                                                                                           25
“But, Jim, do single-
     “The key to all real estate investing is understanding           family houses sell on
     what is called a cash-flow analysis. The logic of                an investment analysis?
     this analysis is the same whether you are buying a               Aren’t people who are            “That is a really
     single-family house or a huge shopping center. The               going to live in a house         great question,
     larger the property, the more numbers you need to                usually willing to pay           Beth.”
     review, but the methodology is the same.                         more than an investor
                                                                      would?”
     “To start, let’s analyze a house that happens to be for
     sale down the street from you. The asking price is
     $275,000. I checked around and found that if it were
     for lease it would rent for about $2,500 a month with
     the tenant paying all utilities.

     “The question is whether this
     house makes sense as a
     real estate investment.”                                                                                         27



                                                               “Historically, most homebuyers did
                                                               not analyze a house as an investment.
                                                               They just bought, assuming prices
                                                               would always go up. But prices did
                                                               not keep rising, and today we have
                                                               a lot of homes worth less than they
                                                               were worth just 2 or 3 years ago.”




26                                                                                                                    28
“Jim, all the financial advisors     “I know that, Billy, and
 were telling people that the best    one of my gripes with      Note that soon after Mr. Bach’s book was published,
                                      real estate authors
 investment one could make was                                   home prices started a long downward spiral. Anyone
 to buy their own home. So Beth       and speakers is that
                                                                 who bought in 2005 has probably lost +/-25% of the
 and I bought our house without       they did not explain the
                                      risk that house values     value of his/her purchase. Some experts believe
 even thinking about its rental                                  that house prices could fall another 10% – 20%. If
 value.”                              could just as easily go
                                      down as go up.”            homebuyers in 2005 had done a cash-flow analysis
                                                                 instead of banking on price increases, their
                                                                 house would at least make sense as an investment
                                                                 property.

                                                                 Why do I go after Mr. Bach? Because I feel that too
                                                                 many well-established financial writers jumped on
                                                                 the real estate bandwagon without giving people an
                                                                 adequate explanation of the risks.

29                                                                                                                     31



 “The philosophy behind the automatic
 millionaire homeowner                                           “By the way, I have made more than my
 •	   You can’t get rich renting.                                share of mistakes too.
 •	   You don’t need a lot of money for a down payment
      on a home.                                                 “If you want to read about some of the
 •	   You don’t need good credit to buy a home.
                                                                 really dumb real estate investing stuff
                                                                 I have done, e-mail me and I will send
 •	   You should buy a home even if you have credit card
      debt.                                                      you, free of charge, a copy of Chapter 9
                             ...                                 from my book, Confessions of a Real
 You’re about to enter the world of homeownership and real       Estate Entrepreneur. This chapter was
 estate investing, a world that is far easier to understand –    written to help others avoid making the
 and to conquer – than you ever imagined.”                       same dumb mistakes I made.”
        The Automatic Millionaire Homeowner, David                   jrandel@theskinnyon.com
        Bach (Broadway Books, 2005)
30                                                                                                                     32
I do believe that homeownership is a great investment for most                                    “Billy, I am glad Jim dropped
people.                                                                                           in on us before you signed
                                                                          “Well, $30,000
                                                                                                  up for that boot camp. You
I just want potential home buyers to understand that there is risk …      over $275,000 is
                                                                                                  totally forgot to analyze the
and that performing a cash-flow analysis of a prospective purchase        an 11% per year
                                                                                                  costs of owning the
should be at least part of the thinking as to the price to pay.           investment...not
                                                                                                  house – taxes, insurance
                                                                          too bad.”
“In the first few years of the (21st century), Americans’ long fixation                           and maintenance.”
with home owning metastasized into the biggest residential real
estate bubble in history. Meanwhile the home-owning cultural
mania prevailed … telling you that every dollar you spend on
your home is worth more than a dollar in the bank or in government
bonds or in the stock market … Home owning, went much of the
bubble era’s conventional wisdom, was the one financial sure
thing. Get real. Home owning is not now, was not then and
never has been a guaranteed moneymaker.”

The Wall Street Journal Complete Homeowners Guidebook,
     David Crook (Three Rivers Press, 2008)
33                                                                                                                                   35

                                                                          All of a sudden
     “OK, let’s get back to our analysis of the house down the            Miss Smarty Pants
     street.                                                              is interested in real
                                                                          estate.
     “The question is this: Does the asking price of                                                                “Beth is
     $275,000 make sense if the house has a rental                                                                  right, Billy.”
     value of $2,500 per month, which is
     $30,000/year?”




34                                                                                                                                   36
“Note that I have used a new term, ‘net operating
                                                               income.’ This is a really important concept in the
     ANNUAL GROSS RENTS:	                   $30,000            real estate investing world. It means all revenues
                                                               minus all expenses. Oftentimes it is abbreviated
     ANNUAL EXPENSES:                                          to NOI.”
     Real Estate Taxes:	$6,000
     Insurance:		       $3,000
     Maintenance:		     $2,000
     Miscellaneous:	 + $500
     Total:		               $11,500	 	        $11,500

     NET OPERATING INCOME:	                   $18,500


                                                                                                                    38



                                                         “As you can see, the
                                                         proposed NOI from
                                                         this house is $18,500.      “Well, $18,500 over
                                                         Assuming that number        $275,000 is about a
                                                         is correct, do you think    6.7% annual return on
                                                         the house is worth          investment…not too
                “Here is a quick cash-flow analysis of   $275,000?”                  bad.”
                the house…taking into account my
                estimates for ownership expenses.”




37                                                                                                                  39
“Yes, not too bad and if                                   “What do you say we
 an investor is comfortable                                 take a little break? I
 with that return given the                                 am starting to feel a                “Sure, of course.”
 condition and location of              “The way you        bit sore.”
 the house, then he or she              are saying that
 might pay $275,000.”                   suggests you
                                        would not accept
                                        a 6.7% return.”




40                                                                                                                        42



      “You are right, Beth, purely on
     an investment analysis, I would                       While Jim is resting, let’s recap what we have learned so
     not unless the house had an                           far:
     especially high likelihood for
                                                           1. Prices that go up can also come down. Even home-
     substantial appreciation, or
                                                              buyers planning to live in a house may want to consider
     there was some other way
                                                              an investment analysis when determining the price to pay.
     to add value.”
                                        “Add value?”       2. Whether analyzing the purchase of a single-family
                                                              house or a large shopping center, the methodology
                                                              of analysis is the same. The bigger the property the
                                                              more numbers to factor in, but the type of calculation
                                                              does not really change.

                                                           3. The starting point for all investment analyses is Net
                                                              Operating Income (or NOI) which is revenues (rents)
                                                              minus ownership expenses.

41                                                                                                                        43
THE NEXT DAY
                                                                             “The challenge is finding
                                                                             deals where you can add
                                                                             value and then executing
                       “Yesterday I mentioned                                your plan. Let’s get a
                       that investors like to ‘add                           bite to eat and continue
                       value’ to real estate. We             I wonder how    the analysis of the
                       are going to talk more                much he made
                                                                             house down the
                       about that but first I                on this deal.
                                                                             street from you.”             FACTORY OUTLETS
                       want to tell you about
                       an ‘added value’ deal
                       I did. My partner and
                       I bought an old factory
                       and turned it into a
                       factory outlet mall.”



44                                                                                                                       46



     “Without changing the building
     at all, we were able to add
     millions of dollars of value to the
     property with a new leasing approach.
     Adding value simply means finding
                                                                                DINER
     ways to increase the value of your
     property by multiples of whatever
     you invest. If you invest one                                                             “Jim, I appreciate your
     dollar, you hope to increase                                                              time ... I’m hungry to
     the value of your property by                                                             learn more.”
                                           FACTORY OUTLETS
     five dollars.”

                                                                                                            “And I’m
                                                                                                            hungry for
                                                                                                            a bacon
                                                                                                            cheeseburger.”


45                                                                                                                       47
“Well, to buy that house
                                                           we would need to get a            80% of the purchase
                                                                                             price = $220,000
                                                           mortgage for about 80%
                                                           of the purchase price…            Mortgage: 6.5%
     “One thing we did not factor in yesterday was
     financing. Unless you have a spare $275,000 lying     or about $220,000.
     around, you are going to need to get a mortgage to    And I think we can get
     buy the house. Billy, do you want to take a stab at   a mortgage at a 6.5%
     calculating what financing does to our analysis?”     interest rate, interest
                                                           only for a couple of years.”

                                                                                              “OK, let’s assume you are
                                                                                              correct. What does that
                                                                                              do to our analysis?”




                                                                                                                       49


                                                           “Well, our NOI is
                                                           $18,500 and now we
                                                                                               Jim: “You
                                                                                            $18,500 NOI
                                                           have to deduct from            - $14,300 interest
                                                                                               may be right
                                                           that the interest we             $4,200let’syear
                                                                                              but per do
                                                           would pay on our                   the math.”
        “What kind of loop brings a                        $220,000 mortgage.
        blackboard into a diner?”                          6.5% times $220,000
                                                           equals $14,300 per year.
                                                           So, now our net income
                                                           is $4,200 per year.”           “Well done, Billy. But that
                                                                                          $4,200 is usually called ‘cash
                                                                                          flow’…essentially the money
                                                                                          remaining after expenses
                                                                                          and debt service.”




48                                                                                                                     50
$18,500 NOI                                           $18,500 NOI
     “Now this                  - $14,300 interest                                    - $14,300 interest             “Beth is right, Billy.
     investment                     $4,200 per year                                       $4,200 per year            With 80% financing
     does not                                                                                                        you need only
     seem very                                                                                                       $55,000 to buy. And
     good.”                                                                                                          for future reference,
                                                                                                                     the money you put
                                                                                                                     into a deal – here
                                                                                                                     the $55,000 – is
                                                       “You may be                                                   often called your
                     That guy has                      right but let’s                                               ‘equity’.”
                     nice hair.                        do the math.”




51                                                                                                                                        53



     “$4,200 over                                                        “Ah yes…
                                 $18,500 NOI
     $275,000 is               - $14,300 interest                        I forgot about
     not even 2%.”                                                       that. Our
                                    $4,200 per year                                               $18,500 NOI
                                                                         return is              - $14,300 interest
                                                                         actually
                                                                                                  $4,200 per year
                                                                         $4,200
                                                                         divided by
                                                      “But, Billy, you   $55,000.”
                                                      forgot that our
                                                      investment is
                                                      now only
                                                      $55,000.”




52                                                                                                                                        54
“That’s                                                                            “Wow, Beth… it’s almost
 7.6% per                                              “You have mentioned          as if you read my mind…
 year, about                                           risk a lot. This kind of a   let’s talk about risk!”
 1% greater                                            purchase seems pretty
                        $4,200/$55,000                 straightforward … what
 return than                 = 7.6%
 without                                               can go wrong?”
 financing.
 What do you
 think, Jim?”




55                                                                                                        57




                                 “Well I personally
                                 would not accept
           $4,200/$55,000        a 7.6% return.       The problem with inexperienced real
                = 7.6%           Too much risk        estate investors is that they almost
                                 for too little
                                 reward.”
                                                      always underestimate what can go
                                                      wrong with a deal. They get all excited
                                                      about doing a deal and they get swept
                                                      away with thinking about all the good
                                                      stuff that can happen. An intelligent
                                                      investor needs to consider both the
                                                      good and the bad.

56                                                                                                        58
The smart real estate investor is not                        “Would you share with us
                                                                  the kinds of things you
     afraid of risk. He or she understands                        would worry about with a          “Sure!”
     that risk is part of the game. The smart                     simple single-family house
     real estate investor is prepared to take                     purchase like this?”

     calculated risks – risks that make sense
     when one considers the potential
     upside of a deal and the probability
     of bad things happening.                                                   SKINNY1




59                                                                                                            61


                “Anyone who has been investing
                in real estate for any period of time
                knows that what can go wrong often
                will go wrong and that success with     COOL!!!                            “Let me just pull
                real estate requires you to: (1) try                                       out my retractable
                to think of everything that can go                                         blackboard.”
                wrong, and (2) make sure that your
                return on investment is high enough
                to compensate for the possibility of
                bad things happening.”



               $$
               $$
               $$                                                                SKINNY1




60                                                                                                            62
“Here are just some of the things that could go wrong:

     1. The house could be harder to lease than anticipated.
     2. The rent we have projected may be too high.
     3. There may be physical problems with the house that                                           1. The house could be harder to lease than
                                                                                                        anticipated.
                                                                                                     2. The rent we have projected may be too high.
        you did not uncover during an inspection.                                                    3. There may be physical problems with the
                                                                                                        house that you do not uncover.

     4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay rent and                     “NO!”                4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay
                                                                                                        rent and trash the house.
                                                                                                     5. It could cost you lots of time and money

        trash the house.                                                                                to evict your bad tenants.
                                                                                                     6. The town may create some rent control
                                                                                                        type laws.
     5. It could cost you lots of time and money to evict bad                                        7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your
                                                                                                        house. Although the repair will probably be
                                                                                                        covered by insurance, your tenant may up and
        tenants.                                                                                        break his lease.
                                                                                                     8. Someone could parachute onto your roof

     6. The town may create rent-control laws.                                                          and dent it!



     7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your house. Although
        the repair will probably be covered by insurance, your                                                        SKINNY1
        tenant may have a right to break his lease.
     8. Someone could parachute onto your roof and dent it!

                               Do you want me to go on?”
                                                                                                                                                                   64

                        1. The house could be harder to lease than
                           anticipated.
                        2. The rent we have projected may be too high.                                                                            “Yes, Billy, and
                        3. There may be physical problems with the
                           house that you do not uncover.
                                                                                                                                                  those are just the
                        4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay
                           rent and trash the house.
                                                                                                                                                  things we can
                        5. It could cost you lots of time and money                                                                               think of. That is
                           to evict your bad tenants.
                        6. The town may create some rent control
                                                                          “Wow, a lot of                                                          why I am always
                           type laws.                                     things can go                                                           looking for at least
                        7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your
                           house. Although the repair will probably be    wrong. I never   1. The house could be harder to lease than
                                                                                                                                                  a 10% – 12% per
                           covered by insurance, your tenant may up and                       anticipated.

                           break his lease.                               thought of       2. The rent we have projected may be too high.
                                                                                           3. There may be physical problems with the
                                                                                                                                                  year return on my
                        8. Someone could parachute onto your roof                             house that you do not uncover.

                           and dent it!                                   all that.”       4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay
                                                                                              rent and trash the house.                           investment.”
                                                                                           5. It could cost you lots of time and money
                                                                                              to evict your bad tenants.
                                                                                           6. The town may create some rent control
                                                                                              type laws.
                                                                                           7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your
                                                                                              house. Although the repair will probably be
                                                                                              covered by insurance, your tenant may up and
                                                                                              break his lease.

                                         SKINNY1                                           8. Someone could parachute onto your roof
                                                                                              and dent it!




                                                                                                            SKINNY1




63                                                                                                                                                                 65
“Just give me a
                                                                            minute … well, if you
                                                                                                                                                                                 “In a word, Beth,
                                                                            pay $235,000 with
                                                                                                                                                                                 NO. There is no rule
     “Jim, given your                                                       an 80% mortgage,              “Jim, but what                                                         of nature which says
     desire for that                                                        your cash flow will be        about appreciation?                                                    that prices always
     return, if we                                                          about $6,300 over             Should we not                                                          increase. People
     were going to                                                          capital invested of           assume that                                                            who made this
     buy the house                                                          $47,000, and the              the value of our                                                       assumption in the
     to rent out,                                                           return will be 13.4%          investment will                                                        last few years have
                                                                                                                            1. The house could be harder to lease than
                                                                                                                               anticipated.

                                                                            a year. At that number
                          1. The house could be harder to lease than

                                                                                                          increase over
                                                                                                                            2. The rent we have projected may be too high.

     what should
                             anticipated.                                                                                   3. There may be physical problems with the
                          2. The rent we have projected may be too high.
                          3. There may be physical problems with the
                                                                                                                               house that you do not uncover.
                                                                                                                            4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay        lost a lot of money.”
     we pay for it?”
                             house that you do not uncover.
                          4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay
                             rent and trash the house.
                                                                            I am interested.”             time?”               rent and trash the house.
                                                                                                                            5. It could cost you lots of time and money
                                                                                                                               to evict your bad tenants.
                          5. It could cost you lots of time and money                                                       6. The town may create some rent control
                             to evict your bad tenants.                                                                        type laws.
                          6. The town may create some rent control                                                          7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your
                             type laws.                                                                                         house. Although the repair will probably be
                          7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your                                                              covered by insurance, your tenant may up and
                              house. Although the repair will probably                                                          break his lease.
                              be covered by insurance, your tenant may up                                                   8. Someone could parachute onto your roof
                              and break his lease.                                                                              and dent it!
                          8. Someone could parachute onto your roof
                              and dent it!




                                                                                                                                             SKINNY1
                                            SKINNY1




66                                                                                                                                                                                                  68


                                                                            “Great, Billy, then
                                                                             we have just learned
                                                                            Lesson Number 1            “Wow, you are a                                                            “Ah … that is a very
                                                                            about real estate          fun guy. How                                                               good question, Billy.
“That is ridiculous,                                                                                   do people ever
                                                                            investing. If the                                                                                     …In fact, that is an
Jim. The asking                                                                                        make money with
                                                                            seller does not want                                                                                  opening for me to
price is $275,000.                                                                                     real estate? So
                                                                            to take your offer, walk                                                                              give you a couple
They are not                                                                                           far all you talk
                                                                            away… you need to                                                                                     of my theories
going to take                                                                                          about is what
                        1. The house could be harder to lease than
                                                                            learn to walk away.                                 1. The house could be harder to lease than        about real estate
a price of                 anticipated.
                        2. The rent we have projected may be too high.
                                                                                                       can go wrong.”
                                                                                                                                   anticipated.


                                                                                                                                                                                  investing.”
                                                                                                                                2. The rent we have projected may be too high.
                        3. There may be physical problems with the
                                                                            An asking price is a                                3. There may be physical problems with the


$235,000.”
                           house that you do not uncover.                                                                          house that you do not uncover.
                        4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay                                                           4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay


                                                                            meaningless number.”
                           rent and trash the house.                                                                               rent and trash the house.
                        5. It could cost you lots of time and money                                                             5. It could cost you lots of time and money
                           to evict your bad tenants.                                                                              to evict your bad tenants.
                        6. The town may create some rent control                                                                6. The town may create some rent control
                           type laws.                                                                                              type laws.
                        7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your                                                                7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your
                            house. Although the repair will probably be                                                             house. Although the repair will probably
                            covered by insurance, your tenant may up and                                                            be covered by insurance, your tenant may
                            break his lease.                                                                                        up and break his lease.
                        8. Someone could parachute onto your roof                                                               8. Someone could parachute onto your roof
                            and dent it!                                                                                            and dent it!




                                         SKINNY1                                                                                                 SKINNY1




67                                                                                                                                                                                                  69
“My point is that to be very
                                                                 successful at real estate
                                                                 investing – or perhaps at
                                                                 anything for that matter –
                   “But before I do that, let         “Yeah,     you really have to enjoy the
                   me ask you something.             that’s      process. If you are just driven
                   Why do you want to invest         pretty      to make money, if that is
                   in real estate? Is it just        much it.”   all that motivates you, I am
                   to make money?”                               worried for your success.                   “Ignore him,
                                                                                                   “Is it
                                                                 In fact, if you will allow me,              Jim … I’d like
                                                                                                   long?”
                                                                 I would like to tell you                    to hear it.”
                                                                 a story.”




70                                                                                                                        72


“That’s what I was afraid you would say. So,
I have to make one other very important point.
                                                                 “I grew up in a very small town, Perkins Township,
Investing in real estate is not like buying stocks
                                                                 Ohio. There was not much going on in Perkins. No
or bonds which are totally passive investments.
                                                                 stores. No gas station. Not even a stop light. In fact
Real estate is an active investment. You need
                                                                 there was just one large building – an armory where
to deal with tenants, with lenders, with
                                                                 the Ohio National Guard would have meetings.
brokers and lawyers, with zoning and
                                                “And your        And, on occasion, there would be events in the
building departments, and so on.”
                                                point is?”       armory, like 4-H tractor pulls and concerts.”




71                                                                                                                        73
“We were the only ones inside and we could sit wherever
                                                     we wanted. We had never sat anywhere near the
                  ARMORY
                                                     front before and of course we selected the first row.
                                                     We were very excited!”




     “When I was 15 years old, there was a concert
     scheduled for the armory. It was February,
     1965 and for weeks a promoter had been
     advertising that a group of up-and-coming
     musicians would stop in Perkins to perform.
     A large crowd was expected and hundreds
     of folding chairs had been set up and a small
     stage erected.”

74                                                                                                             76


                                                     “But the musicians were very disappointing. It was
                                                     obvious that they wanted to be anywhere but Perkins
                                                     Township and they could not get off the stage fast
                           ARMORY                    enough. They went through the motions of performing
                                                     their songs and then rushed off the stage.”




        “The problem began about 6 PM. The
        musicians had arrived and were unloading
        their equipment when it began to snow.
        And I mean SNOW. Huge flakes falling
        like crazy. Within an hour the roads were
        impassable. No one could get to the armory
        except me and a couple of my farm-boy
        buddies who lived nearby and could walk
        there.”

75                                                                                                             77
“Until the last performer. He was a young Welshman
     named Tom Jones and he had just released a new
     song called ‘What’s New Pussycat?’ To our surprise
     he actually spoke to us.”                                                   “What’s new pussycat?
                                                                                 Whoa whoa whoaaaa!”




                                                                 “And Tom Jones belted out
                                                                 ‘What’s New Pussycat?’ like he
                                                                 was in Las Vegas performing in
                                                                 front of thousands. And in the
                                                                 empty armory, there was nothing
                                                                 to deaden the sound and the place
                                                                 shook!! We gave him a standing
                                                                 ovation, and he smiled and left
                                                                 the stage.”
78                                                                                                                 80


                                                          “And that night as I was making my way home, it hit
                                                          me: success is about finding something you are really
                                                          passionate about and doing it to the best of your
                             “I am very disappointed      ability. Tom Jones loved to perform. He was unhappy
                             by the snow storm. But I     that there were so few people in the audience of
                             want to thank those of you   course, but he still did his best and sang like he was
                             who were able to get here    in front of thousands.”
                             for showing up. And I
                             hope you will remember
                             my song.”




79                                                                                                                 81
“I realized that evening that I needed                                                   “Well, I was
     to identify what I was passionate                                                        really just trying
     about and go for it. I have never                                                        to make some
     forgotten what I learned that                                      “So, Billy, can       extra money.
     evening in 1965 – that if you find                                 you say you           I did not know it
     something you really love doing,                                   feel about real       was actually
     you will eventually do well and                                    estate investing      going to take
     bring yourself lots of pleasure in                                 the way Tom           time and
     the process.”                                                      Jones felt            effort!”
                                                                        about singing?”                         “Wow, that is
                                                                                                                a great story!”




82                                                                                                                         84




                                              “By the way, Tom                                 “I understand,
                                              Jones has gone on                                Jim … and I am
                                              from Perkins, Ohio                               glad you made
                                              to have a long and                               the point…But
                                              amazing career with                              I would still like
                                              many hit songs. At     “I told you that story
                                                                                               to learn more
                                              age 70 he has just     to make the point that
                                                                                               about real estate
                                              released a new album   you should never do
                                                                                               investing.”
                                              and he is currently    something JUST
                                              performing to large    for the money.”
                                              crowds all around
                                              the world.”




83                                                                                                                         85
“Of course, I love
         talking about real
         estate!”                             OK, before we go back to Billy and Beth, let me
                                              tell you three points about real estate investing:

                                              1. Good real estate investors enjoy the physical
                                                 over the metaphysical. Some people love sifting
                                                 through stock charts, economic data, and financial
                                                 reports. Others are more experiential and want
                                                 to see tangible evidence of their investments.
                                                 The latter are usually better real estate investors
                                                 than the former (but the former are better chess
                                                 players).

                                              2. Good salespeople do well at it. Real estate
86                                               investing, in a nutshell, is about procuring prop-
                                                 erty and then leasing it to others. The analysis
                                                 part of it is really not that hard. What is hard
                                                 is finding and obtaining the real estate (dealing
                                                 with sellers, brokers and lenders) and then
     OK, TIME TO GET UP. STRETCH YOUR            leasing it to individuals or businesses (dealing
     LEGS. SING A LITTLE “WHAT’S NEW             with all sorts of people and/or their advisors).
     PUSSYCAT?” OR, ANY SONG FOR THAT
                                              3. To be a good real estate investor you must be
     MATTER. TOO MUCH READING CAN                a comfortable (but judicious) risk taker. Real
     MAKE YOUR BRAIN GO SOFT.                    estate investing is risky. You not only commit
                                                 your own money to a venture but usually a lot
     OR HAVE A LITTLE SNACK. BUT PLEASE          of borrowed money for which you are personally
     COME BACK.                                  responsible (i.e. you have to pay it back even
                                                 if the real estate deal goes sour). If you are
     I’M TRYING TO RAP, BUT I’M REALLY JUST      risk-adverse, real estate investing is probably
                                                 not for you.
     A SAP.

87                                                                                                     88
After years of studying how people learn, Rand Media Co has created
         The Skinny On™ series of books to provide a plain-English explanation
         of today’s most important topics. Information is presented in an
         entertaining story format.



“ Jimmy Randel is the real deal. He knows how to combine market timing with
  
  his expertise to create incredible returns. He was my mentor 25 years ago
  when we did our first deal together and I treasure his advice to this day. ”
                          Jim Fagan, Managing Director, Cushman Wakefield


“ I have watched Jim invest for twenty years ... he is a very smart, clever, and
  
  disciplined investor ... the guy I would want in a fox hole with me. ”
                             Jeff Gage, Managing Director, Jones Lang LaSalle



  The Skinny on Real Estate: An Introduction to the Subject offers a
  concise, insightful, and realistic  overview of real estate investing.
  It outlines the basic  questions you need to be asking yourself to
  help you to determine if the unpredictable but potentially lucrative
  career or investment opportunities available through real estate
  investing is right for you.
  In this book you will learn the basics as author Jim Randel,
  a successful real estate entrepreneur and lawyer for more than three
  decades, sets forth a clear foundation for your investment strategies.
  This quick read will prepare you for a lifetime of investing.

                  about the author: Jim Randel is an
                  attorney and entrepreneur who has
                  studied topics of financial literacy and
                  personal achievement for thirty years.




                  learn more at:
                  theskinnyon.com

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The skinny on real estate investing

  • 1. KNOWLEDGE that STICKS! real estate investing an introduction to the subject by jim randel “I’ve tracked Jimmy’s incredible run of successful real estate investments for twenty years.” Jeff Dunne / Vice Chairman, CB Richard Ellis
  • 2. The Easiest Leverage – the debt you put on a property. A KEY TERMS Learning There Is!! property with no debt on Adding Value – an credit cards it is called “unleveraged.” how to master the investment strategy that credit card game Manager(s) – person or requires the owner to people who run an LLC. the housing crisis play an active role in what every homeowner increasing the value of and homebuyer needs to know Members – owners of an his/her property. LLC. Cap or Capitalization by jim randel “I love this book. It can literally save you a fortune!” Net Operating Income – Rate – the percentage Gerri Detweiler / National Credit Card Expert the result after subtracting which represents the Operating Expenses return an investor will “I love this book. It can from Gross Rents. literally save you a fortune!” by jim randel accept when buying on “This book performs an extraordinary public service.” Richard Blumenthal, Attorney General State of Connecticut Pro Forma – an outline an unleveraged basis (no Gerri Detweiler, National Credit Card Expert “This book performs an of projected gross rents, debt). extraordinary public service ...” operating expenses, and Richard Blumenthal NOI. Cash Flow – the result Connecticut Attorney General after subtracting debt Return on Investment – payments from Net the annual yield a buyer Operating Income. willpower or investor receives on how to develop self-discipline his capital invested. Equity – the difference between the value of real estate investing Syndication – the raising real estate and the debt an introduction to the subject of money to buy an asset against it. Sometimes by selling off shares people use the word (syndicating) to investors. “equity” to reference a by jim randel The person creating the person’s investment, “A Very Enjoyable Read!” Ken Blanchard, author of The One Minute Manager® deal is often called the e.g., “return on equity.” syndicator. “Don’t let the stick figures by jim randel LLC (limited liability fool you ... Jim Randel will “I’ve tracked Jimmy’s incredible run of successful real estate investments for twenty years.” Jeff Dunne, Vice Chairman, CB Richard Ellis have you laughing and company) – a common thinking at the same time. form of real estate owner- A very enjoyable read!” “I’ve tracked Jimmy’s incredible ship especially when run of successful real estate Ken Blanchard, author investments for twenty years.” there are several owners. The One Minute Manager ® Jeff Dunne, Vice Chairman, CB www.theskinnyon.com www.theskinnyon.com Richard Ellis
  • 3. The Skinny on Real Estate Investing
  • 4. real estate investing an introduction to the subject Jim Randel
  • 5. Welcome to a new series of publications entitled The Skinny On™, a progression of drawings, dialogue and text intended to convey information in a concise and entertaining fashion. In our time-starved and information-overloaded culture, most Copyright © 2009 by Jim Randel of us have far too little time to read. As a result, our under- No part of this publication may be transmitted in any form or by any means, standing of important subjects often tends to float on the electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or by an information surface – without the insights of writings from thinkers and storage and retrieval system, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act, without the prior written consent of teachers who have spent years studying these subjects. the Publisher. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in Our series is intended to address this situation. Our team regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that neither of readers and researchers has done a ton of homework the Author nor the Publisher is engaged in rendering legal, accounting, financial or other professional services. If legal advice or other expert assistance is preparing our books for you. We read everything we could required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Neither the find on the topic at hand and spoke with the experts. Then Publisher nor the Author shall be liable for damages, directly or indirectly, arising herefrom. we mixed in our own experiences and distilled what we have learned into this “skinny” book for your benefit. ISBN: 978-0-9818935-6-3 Ebook ISBN: 978-0-9818935-6-3 Library of Congress: 2008939253 Our goal is to do the reading for you, identify what is impor- IllustrationDesign: tant, distill the key points, and present them in a book that is both instructive and enjoyable to read. For information address Rand Media Co, 265 Post Road West, Although minimalist in design, we do take our message very Westport, CT, 06880 or call (203) 226-8727. seriously. Please do not confuse format with content. The The Skinny On™ books are available for special promotions and premiums. time you invest reading this book will be paid back to you For details contact: Donna Hardy, call (203) 222-6295 or visit our website: www.theskinnyon.com many, many times over. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 925–4919
  • 6. FOREWORD I am really excited about writing this book. I have been an active real estate investor for thirty years. I have bought and sold single-family houses, small multi-family properties, apartment complexes, retail centers, office buildings, factories, warehouses and land. I have had some terrific successes. I have also had some huge failures. I am hoping that I can give you a framework to mirror my successes and avoid my flops. In 2006 I wrote a book about my career as an investor, Confessions of a Real Estate Entrepreneur (McGraw Hill). I was honored when Robert Bruss, a highly-respected columnist, rated Confessions “a 12...on a scale of 1 to 10!” In that book I speak to the good deals I did ... and also the mistakes. And, I have been a guest speaker at business schools (Harvard and NYU), at annual realtor conventions (NAR, Re/Max) and at investor clubs around the country. As you might expect, I have some definite opinions about real estate investing. And so I am writing The Skinny on Real Estate Investing to give you the perspective and guidance of someone who has been “around the block” more than a few times.
  • 7. “Hi, my name is Jim Randel and I am going to be telling you the story of Billy and Beth, a nice young couple who want to better themselves financially. Unfortunately, they are susceptible to the devices of clever marketers who sell seminars and products promoting real estate investing as a quick, ‘risk- free’ path to wealth.” 1
  • 8. “When I speak around the country I tell people SAY “HELLO” TO BILLY AND BETH. a little bit about my background. I grew up in Perkins Township, Ohio … which is near Sandusky, Ohio – the roller coaster capital of the Midwest. When I was a kid, there was not much to do in Perkins so I spent my summers riding roller coasters.” 2 4 “Little did I know that this activity was “Beth, look at this e-mail from a guy great preparation for who makes $20,000 a month owning the life of an active real estate ... he works just weekends real estate investor.” and uses very little of his own money! He has invited me to attend a seminar he is giving. And it is totally free.” 3 5
  • 9. “I started with no money. Then I “Yes, of course, Beth. With discovered a fool-proof strategy for “I don’t know, most things. But real estate buying and flipping real estate. In Real Estate is different. Look at all the Money Makers Billy… Don’t you no time, I owned 12 houses and Seminar think that whatever testimonials he has.” had $20,000 coming in each and sounds too good to every month.” be true usually is?” “YES! I want some of that.” 6 8 Why do I have a bad feeling about this?? “Beth, what do I have to lose? “And so you shall, my friend. We here at Real Estate The seminar Money Makers want to share our secrets with you. is free!” So we have prepared a Money Makers System – 8 CDs and a workbook – that is available exclusively to attendees at this conference. “The retail value of this offering is $1,200 but for those of you who buy today, and today only, the price is only $399!!” 7 9
  • 10. “Beth, it was terrific. There are many strategies I can learn that will make us lots of extra money investing in real estate. And there is a money-back guarantee. If we do not double our net worth within two years, we get our money back.” T “But, Billy...” Real Estate Money Makers Billy envisioning himself as “Guess Who?”. 10 12 Something tells me that 12 whatever is in that bag 9 3 was not free. “And listen to this, Beth. Next 6 month Real Estate Money Makers is having a boot camp for beginners. If I register today, it is only $2,000!” “But, Billy…” Real Est Mon ate e Mak y ers Real Estate Money Makers 11 13
  • 11. “I’ve got to stop Billy “Beth … I feel really from wasting $2,000. good about this … real estate is the I’m a little scared, but safest investment how hard can this be?” * you can make.” Real Estate Money Makers *Did you catch the metaphor? 16 14 BUT JIM IS CONCERNED. “Why did this have to have to happen on the day of my first solo sky-dive?” !!! LY O M LY O H 15 17
  • 12. OUCH! OUCH! “My name is Jim OUCH! Randel and I am a seasoned real estate investor. I don’t want “And this is how you to waste $2,000 you normally signing up for some introduce yourself silly boot camp.” to people?” “Billy, let’s go inside and lock the doors.” 18 20 “Well, no, not usually. But I felt it was an emergency. “Let’s hear You were about to call him out and register.” Billy.” “Are you nuts?! … Who are you?” 19 21
  • 13. “I have made my living buying and selling “I hate promoters who downplay the risk, real estate. I would like to offer you my time and effort that is required to make services free of charge – no upselling, no money with real estate. I just don’t want hidden agenda, no promotions. I just you to sign on to something and then be want to explain my thinking on real estate disappointed.” investing. Would you give me one hour “Would you like a cup of to do that?” “Yes … when?” coffee?” 22 24 “Yes, thank you … and “Next time some aspirin please.” call first.” “If it’s OK with you, let’s start now.” “OK, now it is.” 23 25
  • 14. “But, Jim, do single- “The key to all real estate investing is understanding family houses sell on what is called a cash-flow analysis. The logic of an investment analysis? this analysis is the same whether you are buying a Aren’t people who are “That is a really single-family house or a huge shopping center. The going to live in a house great question, larger the property, the more numbers you need to usually willing to pay Beth.” review, but the methodology is the same. more than an investor would?” “To start, let’s analyze a house that happens to be for sale down the street from you. The asking price is $275,000. I checked around and found that if it were for lease it would rent for about $2,500 a month with the tenant paying all utilities. “The question is whether this house makes sense as a real estate investment.” 27 “Historically, most homebuyers did not analyze a house as an investment. They just bought, assuming prices would always go up. But prices did not keep rising, and today we have a lot of homes worth less than they were worth just 2 or 3 years ago.” 26 28
  • 15. “Jim, all the financial advisors “I know that, Billy, and were telling people that the best one of my gripes with Note that soon after Mr. Bach’s book was published, real estate authors investment one could make was home prices started a long downward spiral. Anyone to buy their own home. So Beth and speakers is that who bought in 2005 has probably lost +/-25% of the and I bought our house without they did not explain the risk that house values value of his/her purchase. Some experts believe even thinking about its rental that house prices could fall another 10% – 20%. If value.” could just as easily go down as go up.” homebuyers in 2005 had done a cash-flow analysis instead of banking on price increases, their house would at least make sense as an investment property. Why do I go after Mr. Bach? Because I feel that too many well-established financial writers jumped on the real estate bandwagon without giving people an adequate explanation of the risks. 29 31 “The philosophy behind the automatic millionaire homeowner “By the way, I have made more than my • You can’t get rich renting. share of mistakes too. • You don’t need a lot of money for a down payment on a home. “If you want to read about some of the • You don’t need good credit to buy a home. really dumb real estate investing stuff I have done, e-mail me and I will send • You should buy a home even if you have credit card debt. you, free of charge, a copy of Chapter 9 ... from my book, Confessions of a Real You’re about to enter the world of homeownership and real Estate Entrepreneur. This chapter was estate investing, a world that is far easier to understand – written to help others avoid making the and to conquer – than you ever imagined.” same dumb mistakes I made.” The Automatic Millionaire Homeowner, David jrandel@theskinnyon.com Bach (Broadway Books, 2005) 30 32
  • 16. I do believe that homeownership is a great investment for most “Billy, I am glad Jim dropped people. in on us before you signed “Well, $30,000 up for that boot camp. You I just want potential home buyers to understand that there is risk … over $275,000 is totally forgot to analyze the and that performing a cash-flow analysis of a prospective purchase an 11% per year costs of owning the should be at least part of the thinking as to the price to pay. investment...not house – taxes, insurance too bad.” “In the first few years of the (21st century), Americans’ long fixation and maintenance.” with home owning metastasized into the biggest residential real estate bubble in history. Meanwhile the home-owning cultural mania prevailed … telling you that every dollar you spend on your home is worth more than a dollar in the bank or in government bonds or in the stock market … Home owning, went much of the bubble era’s conventional wisdom, was the one financial sure thing. Get real. Home owning is not now, was not then and never has been a guaranteed moneymaker.” The Wall Street Journal Complete Homeowners Guidebook, David Crook (Three Rivers Press, 2008) 33 35 All of a sudden “OK, let’s get back to our analysis of the house down the Miss Smarty Pants street. is interested in real estate. “The question is this: Does the asking price of “Beth is $275,000 make sense if the house has a rental right, Billy.” value of $2,500 per month, which is $30,000/year?” 34 36
  • 17. “Note that I have used a new term, ‘net operating income.’ This is a really important concept in the ANNUAL GROSS RENTS: $30,000 real estate investing world. It means all revenues minus all expenses. Oftentimes it is abbreviated ANNUAL EXPENSES: to NOI.” Real Estate Taxes: $6,000 Insurance: $3,000 Maintenance: $2,000 Miscellaneous: + $500 Total: $11,500 $11,500 NET OPERATING INCOME: $18,500 38 “As you can see, the proposed NOI from this house is $18,500. “Well, $18,500 over Assuming that number $275,000 is about a is correct, do you think 6.7% annual return on the house is worth investment…not too “Here is a quick cash-flow analysis of $275,000?” bad.” the house…taking into account my estimates for ownership expenses.” 37 39
  • 18. “Yes, not too bad and if “What do you say we an investor is comfortable take a little break? I with that return given the am starting to feel a “Sure, of course.” condition and location of “The way you bit sore.” the house, then he or she are saying that might pay $275,000.” suggests you would not accept a 6.7% return.” 40 42 “You are right, Beth, purely on an investment analysis, I would While Jim is resting, let’s recap what we have learned so not unless the house had an far: especially high likelihood for 1. Prices that go up can also come down. Even home- substantial appreciation, or buyers planning to live in a house may want to consider there was some other way an investment analysis when determining the price to pay. to add value.” “Add value?” 2. Whether analyzing the purchase of a single-family house or a large shopping center, the methodology of analysis is the same. The bigger the property the more numbers to factor in, but the type of calculation does not really change. 3. The starting point for all investment analyses is Net Operating Income (or NOI) which is revenues (rents) minus ownership expenses. 41 43
  • 19. THE NEXT DAY “The challenge is finding deals where you can add value and then executing “Yesterday I mentioned your plan. Let’s get a that investors like to ‘add bite to eat and continue value’ to real estate. We I wonder how the analysis of the are going to talk more much he made house down the about that but first I on this deal. street from you.” FACTORY OUTLETS want to tell you about an ‘added value’ deal I did. My partner and I bought an old factory and turned it into a factory outlet mall.” 44 46 “Without changing the building at all, we were able to add millions of dollars of value to the property with a new leasing approach. Adding value simply means finding DINER ways to increase the value of your property by multiples of whatever you invest. If you invest one “Jim, I appreciate your dollar, you hope to increase time ... I’m hungry to the value of your property by learn more.” FACTORY OUTLETS five dollars.” “And I’m hungry for a bacon cheeseburger.” 45 47
  • 20. “Well, to buy that house we would need to get a 80% of the purchase price = $220,000 mortgage for about 80% of the purchase price… Mortgage: 6.5% “One thing we did not factor in yesterday was financing. Unless you have a spare $275,000 lying or about $220,000. around, you are going to need to get a mortgage to And I think we can get buy the house. Billy, do you want to take a stab at a mortgage at a 6.5% calculating what financing does to our analysis?” interest rate, interest only for a couple of years.” “OK, let’s assume you are correct. What does that do to our analysis?” 49 “Well, our NOI is $18,500 and now we Jim: “You $18,500 NOI have to deduct from - $14,300 interest may be right that the interest we $4,200let’syear but per do would pay on our the math.” “What kind of loop brings a $220,000 mortgage. blackboard into a diner?” 6.5% times $220,000 equals $14,300 per year. So, now our net income is $4,200 per year.” “Well done, Billy. But that $4,200 is usually called ‘cash flow’…essentially the money remaining after expenses and debt service.” 48 50
  • 21. $18,500 NOI $18,500 NOI “Now this - $14,300 interest - $14,300 interest “Beth is right, Billy. investment $4,200 per year $4,200 per year With 80% financing does not you need only seem very $55,000 to buy. And good.” for future reference, the money you put into a deal – here the $55,000 – is “You may be often called your That guy has right but let’s ‘equity’.” nice hair. do the math.” 51 53 “$4,200 over “Ah yes… $18,500 NOI $275,000 is - $14,300 interest I forgot about not even 2%.” that. Our $4,200 per year $18,500 NOI return is - $14,300 interest actually $4,200 per year $4,200 divided by “But, Billy, you $55,000.” forgot that our investment is now only $55,000.” 52 54
  • 22. “That’s “Wow, Beth… it’s almost 7.6% per “You have mentioned as if you read my mind… year, about risk a lot. This kind of a let’s talk about risk!” 1% greater purchase seems pretty $4,200/$55,000 straightforward … what return than = 7.6% without can go wrong?” financing. What do you think, Jim?” 55 57 “Well I personally would not accept $4,200/$55,000 a 7.6% return. The problem with inexperienced real = 7.6% Too much risk estate investors is that they almost for too little reward.” always underestimate what can go wrong with a deal. They get all excited about doing a deal and they get swept away with thinking about all the good stuff that can happen. An intelligent investor needs to consider both the good and the bad. 56 58
  • 23. The smart real estate investor is not “Would you share with us the kinds of things you afraid of risk. He or she understands would worry about with a “Sure!” that risk is part of the game. The smart simple single-family house real estate investor is prepared to take purchase like this?” calculated risks – risks that make sense when one considers the potential upside of a deal and the probability of bad things happening. SKINNY1 59 61 “Anyone who has been investing in real estate for any period of time knows that what can go wrong often will go wrong and that success with COOL!!! “Let me just pull real estate requires you to: (1) try out my retractable to think of everything that can go blackboard.” wrong, and (2) make sure that your return on investment is high enough to compensate for the possibility of bad things happening.” $$ $$ $$ SKINNY1 60 62
  • 24. “Here are just some of the things that could go wrong: 1. The house could be harder to lease than anticipated. 2. The rent we have projected may be too high. 3. There may be physical problems with the house that 1. The house could be harder to lease than anticipated. 2. The rent we have projected may be too high. you did not uncover during an inspection. 3. There may be physical problems with the house that you do not uncover. 4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay rent and “NO!” 4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay rent and trash the house. 5. It could cost you lots of time and money trash the house. to evict your bad tenants. 6. The town may create some rent control type laws. 5. It could cost you lots of time and money to evict bad 7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your house. Although the repair will probably be covered by insurance, your tenant may up and tenants. break his lease. 8. Someone could parachute onto your roof 6. The town may create rent-control laws. and dent it! 7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your house. Although the repair will probably be covered by insurance, your SKINNY1 tenant may have a right to break his lease. 8. Someone could parachute onto your roof and dent it! Do you want me to go on?” 64 1. The house could be harder to lease than anticipated. 2. The rent we have projected may be too high. “Yes, Billy, and 3. There may be physical problems with the house that you do not uncover. those are just the 4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay rent and trash the house. things we can 5. It could cost you lots of time and money think of. That is to evict your bad tenants. 6. The town may create some rent control “Wow, a lot of why I am always type laws. things can go looking for at least 7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your house. Although the repair will probably be wrong. I never 1. The house could be harder to lease than a 10% – 12% per covered by insurance, your tenant may up and anticipated. break his lease. thought of 2. The rent we have projected may be too high. 3. There may be physical problems with the year return on my 8. Someone could parachute onto your roof house that you do not uncover. and dent it! all that.” 4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay rent and trash the house. investment.” 5. It could cost you lots of time and money to evict your bad tenants. 6. The town may create some rent control type laws. 7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your house. Although the repair will probably be covered by insurance, your tenant may up and break his lease. SKINNY1 8. Someone could parachute onto your roof and dent it! SKINNY1 63 65
  • 25. “Just give me a minute … well, if you “In a word, Beth, pay $235,000 with NO. There is no rule “Jim, given your an 80% mortgage, “Jim, but what of nature which says desire for that your cash flow will be about appreciation? that prices always return, if we about $6,300 over Should we not increase. People were going to capital invested of assume that who made this buy the house $47,000, and the the value of our assumption in the to rent out, return will be 13.4% investment will last few years have 1. The house could be harder to lease than anticipated. a year. At that number 1. The house could be harder to lease than increase over 2. The rent we have projected may be too high. what should anticipated. 3. There may be physical problems with the 2. The rent we have projected may be too high. 3. There may be physical problems with the house that you do not uncover. 4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay lost a lot of money.” we pay for it?” house that you do not uncover. 4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay rent and trash the house. I am interested.” time?” rent and trash the house. 5. It could cost you lots of time and money to evict your bad tenants. 5. It could cost you lots of time and money 6. The town may create some rent control to evict your bad tenants. type laws. 6. The town may create some rent control 7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your type laws. house. Although the repair will probably be 7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your covered by insurance, your tenant may up and house. Although the repair will probably break his lease. be covered by insurance, your tenant may up 8. Someone could parachute onto your roof and break his lease. and dent it! 8. Someone could parachute onto your roof and dent it! SKINNY1 SKINNY1 66 68 “Great, Billy, then we have just learned Lesson Number 1 “Wow, you are a “Ah … that is a very about real estate fun guy. How good question, Billy. “That is ridiculous, do people ever investing. If the …In fact, that is an Jim. The asking make money with seller does not want opening for me to price is $275,000. real estate? So to take your offer, walk give you a couple They are not far all you talk away… you need to of my theories going to take about is what 1. The house could be harder to lease than learn to walk away. 1. The house could be harder to lease than about real estate a price of anticipated. 2. The rent we have projected may be too high. can go wrong.” anticipated. investing.” 2. The rent we have projected may be too high. 3. There may be physical problems with the An asking price is a 3. There may be physical problems with the $235,000.” house that you do not uncover. house that you do not uncover. 4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay 4. You may get deadbeat tenants who don’t pay meaningless number.” rent and trash the house. rent and trash the house. 5. It could cost you lots of time and money 5. It could cost you lots of time and money to evict your bad tenants. to evict your bad tenants. 6. The town may create some rent control 6. The town may create some rent control type laws. type laws. 7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your 7. Your neighbor’s tree may fall on your house. Although the repair will probably be house. Although the repair will probably covered by insurance, your tenant may up and be covered by insurance, your tenant may break his lease. up and break his lease. 8. Someone could parachute onto your roof 8. Someone could parachute onto your roof and dent it! and dent it! SKINNY1 SKINNY1 67 69
  • 26. “My point is that to be very successful at real estate investing – or perhaps at anything for that matter – “But before I do that, let “Yeah, you really have to enjoy the me ask you something. that’s process. If you are just driven Why do you want to invest pretty to make money, if that is in real estate? Is it just much it.” all that motivates you, I am to make money?” worried for your success. “Ignore him, “Is it In fact, if you will allow me, Jim … I’d like long?” I would like to tell you to hear it.” a story.” 70 72 “That’s what I was afraid you would say. So, I have to make one other very important point. “I grew up in a very small town, Perkins Township, Investing in real estate is not like buying stocks Ohio. There was not much going on in Perkins. No or bonds which are totally passive investments. stores. No gas station. Not even a stop light. In fact Real estate is an active investment. You need there was just one large building – an armory where to deal with tenants, with lenders, with the Ohio National Guard would have meetings. brokers and lawyers, with zoning and “And your And, on occasion, there would be events in the building departments, and so on.” point is?” armory, like 4-H tractor pulls and concerts.” 71 73
  • 27. “We were the only ones inside and we could sit wherever we wanted. We had never sat anywhere near the ARMORY front before and of course we selected the first row. We were very excited!” “When I was 15 years old, there was a concert scheduled for the armory. It was February, 1965 and for weeks a promoter had been advertising that a group of up-and-coming musicians would stop in Perkins to perform. A large crowd was expected and hundreds of folding chairs had been set up and a small stage erected.” 74 76 “But the musicians were very disappointing. It was obvious that they wanted to be anywhere but Perkins Township and they could not get off the stage fast ARMORY enough. They went through the motions of performing their songs and then rushed off the stage.” “The problem began about 6 PM. The musicians had arrived and were unloading their equipment when it began to snow. And I mean SNOW. Huge flakes falling like crazy. Within an hour the roads were impassable. No one could get to the armory except me and a couple of my farm-boy buddies who lived nearby and could walk there.” 75 77
  • 28. “Until the last performer. He was a young Welshman named Tom Jones and he had just released a new song called ‘What’s New Pussycat?’ To our surprise he actually spoke to us.” “What’s new pussycat? Whoa whoa whoaaaa!” “And Tom Jones belted out ‘What’s New Pussycat?’ like he was in Las Vegas performing in front of thousands. And in the empty armory, there was nothing to deaden the sound and the place shook!! We gave him a standing ovation, and he smiled and left the stage.” 78 80 “And that night as I was making my way home, it hit me: success is about finding something you are really passionate about and doing it to the best of your “I am very disappointed ability. Tom Jones loved to perform. He was unhappy by the snow storm. But I that there were so few people in the audience of want to thank those of you course, but he still did his best and sang like he was who were able to get here in front of thousands.” for showing up. And I hope you will remember my song.” 79 81
  • 29. “I realized that evening that I needed “Well, I was to identify what I was passionate really just trying about and go for it. I have never to make some forgotten what I learned that “So, Billy, can extra money. evening in 1965 – that if you find you say you I did not know it something you really love doing, feel about real was actually you will eventually do well and estate investing going to take bring yourself lots of pleasure in the way Tom time and the process.” Jones felt effort!” about singing?” “Wow, that is a great story!” 82 84 “By the way, Tom “I understand, Jones has gone on Jim … and I am from Perkins, Ohio glad you made to have a long and the point…But amazing career with I would still like many hit songs. At “I told you that story to learn more age 70 he has just to make the point that about real estate released a new album you should never do investing.” and he is currently something JUST performing to large for the money.” crowds all around the world.” 83 85
  • 30. “Of course, I love talking about real estate!” OK, before we go back to Billy and Beth, let me tell you three points about real estate investing: 1. Good real estate investors enjoy the physical over the metaphysical. Some people love sifting through stock charts, economic data, and financial reports. Others are more experiential and want to see tangible evidence of their investments. The latter are usually better real estate investors than the former (but the former are better chess players). 2. Good salespeople do well at it. Real estate 86 investing, in a nutshell, is about procuring prop- erty and then leasing it to others. The analysis part of it is really not that hard. What is hard is finding and obtaining the real estate (dealing with sellers, brokers and lenders) and then OK, TIME TO GET UP. STRETCH YOUR leasing it to individuals or businesses (dealing LEGS. SING A LITTLE “WHAT’S NEW with all sorts of people and/or their advisors). PUSSYCAT?” OR, ANY SONG FOR THAT 3. To be a good real estate investor you must be MATTER. TOO MUCH READING CAN a comfortable (but judicious) risk taker. Real MAKE YOUR BRAIN GO SOFT. estate investing is risky. You not only commit your own money to a venture but usually a lot OR HAVE A LITTLE SNACK. BUT PLEASE of borrowed money for which you are personally COME BACK. responsible (i.e. you have to pay it back even if the real estate deal goes sour). If you are I’M TRYING TO RAP, BUT I’M REALLY JUST risk-adverse, real estate investing is probably not for you. A SAP. 87 88
  • 31. After years of studying how people learn, Rand Media Co has created The Skinny On™ series of books to provide a plain-English explanation of today’s most important topics. Information is presented in an entertaining story format. “ Jimmy Randel is the real deal. He knows how to combine market timing with his expertise to create incredible returns. He was my mentor 25 years ago when we did our first deal together and I treasure his advice to this day. ” Jim Fagan, Managing Director, Cushman Wakefield “ I have watched Jim invest for twenty years ... he is a very smart, clever, and disciplined investor ... the guy I would want in a fox hole with me. ” Jeff Gage, Managing Director, Jones Lang LaSalle The Skinny on Real Estate: An Introduction to the Subject offers a concise, insightful, and realistic  overview of real estate investing. It outlines the basic  questions you need to be asking yourself to help you to determine if the unpredictable but potentially lucrative career or investment opportunities available through real estate investing is right for you. In this book you will learn the basics as author Jim Randel, a successful real estate entrepreneur and lawyer for more than three decades, sets forth a clear foundation for your investment strategies. This quick read will prepare you for a lifetime of investing. about the author: Jim Randel is an attorney and entrepreneur who has studied topics of financial literacy and personal achievement for thirty years. learn more at: theskinnyon.com