1.
DEEP :-PILE FOUNDATION
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND
MATERIALS – IX(AR 503B)
(SESSION: JULY – DECEMBER ) 2019
CLASS INCHARGE
AR.ATIN .K.BOSE
AR.MISBAH JAFFRI

2.
INTRODUCTION
INTENT SYLLABUS
ADVANCE
CONSTRUCTION
& TECNOLOGY

3.
CLASS SCHEDULE
9:00 – 9:50
AM
9:50 -10:50 AM 11:10 AM-1:00 PM 1:00 -2:00
PM
2:00 -3:50 PM 4:10 -6:00 PM
LECTURE DISCUSSION AND
INTRODUCTION TO
THE STUDIO
PROBLEM.
ASSIGNMENT
SUBMISSION
(TYPES OF PILE
FOUNDATION :
PLAN,ELEVATION AND
DETAILS & MANUAL
DRAFTING)
LUNCH DOCUMENTARY &
LITEREATURE STUDY
REPORT
SUBMISSION
(LITERATURE
STUDY, HANDMADE
SKETCHES, PICS AND
CAD DWG)
Notes for Students:-
1. Standards will be shown and explained during the conduct of presentation.
2. Each sheet must be completed in all aspects and submitted on the same day.
3. Late submissions will not be accepted.
4. In case of medical cases/ emergencies, the student will have to get an approval from the
Director and submit the sheet within 7 days of the concerned lecture.

4.
RISE HIGH BUT
ALWAYS
MAKE SURE THAT
YOUR
FOUNDATION IS
STRONG ENOUGH

5.
SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONS OF FOUNDATION
IMPORTANCE OF FOUNDATION
FACTORS AFFECTING FOUNDATION
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE FOUNDATION DESIGNING
TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS
SELECTION CRITERIA OF PILE FOUNDATION
USES OF PILES
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
•Material & Composition
•Mode of Transfer of Load
•METHOD OF INSTALLATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
•Driven Piles
•Bored and Cast In-Situ
•Driven and Cast In-Situ
•BASED ON FUNCTION OR ACTION
•BASED ON DISPLACEMENT OF SOIL
MATERIAL USED FOR FOUNDATION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
UNIT:-DEEPFOUNDATION

6.
INTRODUCTION
• .
Super-
structure
Ground lvl.
Sub-
structure
In your opinion, what
is the purpose of
foundation for a
building?
Foundation
Foundation is the element
that provides ultimate supports for
the structure and it is for both static
and dynamic loads.
The foundation include not only that
element below groundwater level,
but also the under line soil and rock

7.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FOUNDATIONS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS
.To distribute the total load of the structure on a larger
area
To support the structure
To give enough stability to the structures against
various disturbing forces such as wind and rain
To prepare a level surface for concreting and masonry
work

8.
FACTORS AFFECTING FOUNDATION
Soil types and ground water table conditions
Structural requirements and foundations
Construction requirements
Site condition and environmental factor
Economy

9.
LOAD
DEAD LOAD
LIVE LOAD
WIND LOAD
GROUND CHARACTERISTICS
BEARING CAPACITY
WATER GROUND LEVEL
CHEMICAL CONTENT
COST
MATERIAL
MACHINE
TECHNOLOGY
MASTERLY
SKILLFUL WORKER
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE FOUNDATION DESIGNING

10.
FOUNDATION
SHALLOW
ISOLATED
PAD
COMBINED
STRIP
RAFT
DEEP
WELL PILE
LOAD BEARING
PILE
FRICTION PILE
COMBINED END
AND FRICTION
BEARING PILE
PIER
TYPES OF FOUNDATION

11.
DEEP- PILE FOUNDATIONS
Pile
Well
Pier
• Foundation where the depth is very large
compared to the width.
• When the load is high and bearing capacity of
the soil is low.
11
Highbuilding
Bedrock
Soft soil

12.
WHEN DO WE CHOOSE PILE FOUNDATION ?
Total Area = 100m2
Load Bearing Capacity of soil= 100kN/m2 4000kN
4000kN 4000kN4000kN
Total Load = 4000kN x 4
= 16000kN
Choice of Foundation ???
Pile Foundation
• Economical
• Ease of
Construction
Area Required for Raft = Total Load
Load Bearing Capacity of Soil
= 16000kN
100kN/m2
= 160m2
Shallow
(Raft)

13.
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
Material &
Composition
Method of
Installation
Mode of
Transfer of
Load
Function or
Action
Displacement
of Soil

14.
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
Material & Composition
Material Usage
Timber When load is not very high
Steel
or Concrete
When load is high
Composite Pile When 2 or more materials are
used together

15.
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
Material & Composition – characteristics and specification
Timber piles
Timber piles are made of-
tree trunks driven with
small end as a point
Maximum length: 35 m;
optimum length: 9 - 20m
Max load for usual
conditions: 450 kN;
optimum load range = 80 -
240 kN
Steel piles
Maximum length:-
practically unlimited
optimum length:-12-50m
Load for usual conditions
= maximum allowable
stress x cross-sectional
area
Concrete Piles
Max length:- 10 - 15 m for
precast, 20 - 30 m for
prestressed
Optimum length:- 10 - 12
m for precast. 18 - 25m
prestressed
Loads for usual
conditions:- 900 KN for
precast. 8500 kN for
prestressed

16.
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
Mode of Transfer of Load
Load Load
Hard Incompressible Layer
End Bearing
Friction
Friction PileLoad Bearing Pile Combined End Bearing
and Friction Pile
+

17.
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
DrivenPiles
Timber
Steel
Precast Concrete
METHOD OF INSTALLATION
OF PILE FOUNDATION

18.
BoredandCastIn-Situ
Under Reamed
Pile
Straight Pile
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
Belling
Bucket

19.
Driven and Cast In-Situ
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION

20.
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
BASED ON FUNCTION
OR ACTION
Load Bearing
Friction
Compression
Anchor
Fender
Sheet
Batter
Dolphin

21.
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
BASED ON DISPLACEMENT OF SOIL
Displacement pile
• Large soil mass
is disturb
Non displacement
pile
• Cast in situ
DISPLACEMENT OF SOIL
• More Displacement – in
the case of timber piling
• Less Displacement – in
the case of steel piling
Displacement
pile

22.
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
BASED ON DISPLACEMENT OF SOIL
7D
Dia of pile
D
Densified Soil
Under The Condition
Of Loose Soil
4D
D
Under The Condition
Of Clay

23.
CLASSIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
BASED ON DISPLACEMENT OF SOIL
•Non displacement piles can only be bored
into the ground therefore there is no
displacement of the soil.
•Under reamed piling can only be
constructed by non displacement method.
Non
Displacement
pile No
displacement
of soil

24.
Advantages Disadvantages
Piles of any size, length and shape can be made
in advance and used at the site. – rapid progress
of work
Must be properly reinforced to withstand handling
stresses during transportation and driving.
Driven into granular soil - compacts the
adjacent soil mass- increase in bearing capacity
Advance planning is required for handling and
driving.
The work is neat and clean Requires heavy equipment for handling and
driving.
Supervision of work at the site can be reduced
to a minimum.
Driven piles are not suitable in soils of poor
drainage qualities – Soil heaving or lifting
Storage space required is very much less. Where the foundations of adjacent structures are
likely to be affected due to the vibrations
generated by the driving of piles, driven piles
should not be used.
In places where it is advisable not to drill holes
for fear of meeting ground water under
pressure.
Since the exact length required at the site cannot
be determined in advance, the method involves
cutting off extra lengths or adding more lengths -
increased cost of project
In places where it is advisable not to drill holes
for fear of meeting ground water under
pressure.
Driven Piles

25.
Advantages Disadvantages
Piles of any size and length may be constructed
at the site.
Requires careful supervision and quality control of
all the materials used in the construction.
Damage due to driving and handling that is
common in precast piles is eliminated in this
case.
Requires careful supervision and quality control of
all the materials used in the construction.
Ideally suited in places where vibrations of any
type are required to be avoided to preserve the
safety of the adjoining structure.
The advantage of increased bearing capacity due to
compaction in granular soil that could be obtained
by a driven pile is not produced by a cast-in-situ
pile.
suitable in soils of poor drainage qualities where there is heavy current of ground water flow
or artesian pressure - very difficult to construct
Bored Piles

26.
STUDIO PROBLEMS
• TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION : PLAN,ELEVATION AND DETAILS
( MANUAL DRAFTING )
• REPORT SUBMISSION : LITERATURE STUDY
(HANDMADE SKETCHES,PICS AND CAD DWG)
• REPORT SUBMISSION : CASE STUDY
(HANDMADE SKETCHES,PICS AND CAD DWG)
IN NEXT CLASS:
Modern Formwork techniques in steel.
Lecture on the Modern Formwork techniques in steel lift slab
construction and slip form formwork and formwork of special profiles,
patented formwork.
Teaching Aid: Lecture, PPT, Slides

27.
SAMPLE SHEET : TYPES OF PILES

28.
CAPPING & BEAM
PLAN

29.
DETAILS