2. Effective teachers…
1. understand how children learn (student-
centered approaches that appreciate
social and cognitive development)
2. support children’s use of multiple cueing
systems (sound, meaning, structure,
visual, social)
1. I see the dog > I see the puppy.
2. I see the dog > I see the dish.
3. I see the dog > I seven the dog.
3. Create a community of learners
(opportunity, responsibility,risks,
and choices)
3. Effective teachers…
4. Adopt a balanced approach to literacy
instruction
• Balance reading and writing (oral, reading, vocabulary,
comprehension, phonics, spelling, content-area study)
• Balance ways of teaching
• Flexibly meet the needs of students
• Balanced vs. comprehensive
5. Scaffold children’s reading and writing (based
on their development)
6. Use a combination of modeled > shared >
interactive > independent activities
Gradual release of responsibility….
5. Effective teachers…
7. Use literature in their instruction
8. Organize literacy instruction in one of four ways
• (a) Basal
• (b) literature focused
• (c) literature circles
• (d) reading & writing workshop
9. Connect instruction and assessment (identify,
monitor, assess, analyze, adjust)
10. Become partners with parents.
6. So how do readers and
writers DEVELOP?
• Children weave reading and writing skills,
oral language, and story sense together as
they grow and socially interact with others
• Developmental:
– the level of instruction must match the level of
word/reading knowledge of the learner
– individuals may vary in their rate of progress
through these stages, but most tend to follow
the same order of development
8. Activity: The 30 Second
Conversation
• Make time for authentic conversation
• Focus on activities that develop speaking,
listening, and conversational skills.
• Let’s try it: Walk around room and introduce
yourself to someone you do not already know.
• Have a 30 second conversation with each
partner, speaking & responding in authentic
conversation.
• We will repeat this 3 times.
9. Connecting Speech to Print
• Some: make the connection
automatically through rich and frequent
exposure to oral language
• Most: benefit from explicit instruction
in that essential relationship
• Few: will not develop the understanding
unless they have explicit, direct
instruction, plus many opportunities for
repetition to become proficient
readers
10. Stages of Reading
Development
• Emergent Reader - preschool; “reading”;
environmental print
• Beginning Reader - understanding of the
alphabet and words (concepts of print)
• Transitional Reader - recognizing and
manipulating within word differences
• Intermediate Reader - Fluency and
“problem-solving” about the meaning
• Advanced Reader - Reading to learn
11. Stages of Spelling
Development
• I. Emergent spelling
• II. Letter Name-Alphabetic Stage
– Early letter name-alphabetic spelling
– Middle to late letter name-alphabetic
• III. Within-word pattern Spelling
• IV. Syllables and affixes Spelling
• V. Derivational Relations Spelling (meaning)
12. The Big 5
(National Reading Panel Report, 2000)
• Phonemic Awareness (manipulating sounds)
• Phonics (relationship between sounds and visual letters)
• Fluency (speed and accuracy)
• Vocabulary (listening, speaking, reading, and writing)
• Text Comprehension (active and purposeful
meaning making)
Developmental OR balanced/comprehensive???
13. Homework
• Rhode Island Literacy Policy
– Typical Development: p. 17-19;
– 5 Components of Literacy: p. 20-35
• Skim Reading First Materials
• Connect to RI GLE’s for Reading K-5
– Use Reading Guide to take brief notes
to prepare for class activity – save for
homework the next class too
Editor's Notes
Environmental print: MacDonald’s, Dunkin Donuts; Beginning Reader (My name is Julie, cat > bat > sat > sit > fit);
Transitional Reader: Within word differences (smock vs. smoke; tack vs. take); Intermediate Reader (syllables and affixes – prefixes and suffixes) (hop > hopping vs. trade > trading);
Advanced Reader (greek and latin roots for knowing ineffective vs. effective; inactive vs. active); illogical vs. logical; illegible vs. legible)