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Emergency in Orthopaedics
‫باز‬ ‫شکستگی‬
•‫از‬ ‫شکستگی‬ ‫محل‬ ‫هماتوم‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫که‬ ‫شکستگی‬
‫محیط‬ ‫با‬ ‫شکستگی‬ ‫ناحیه‬ ‫در‬ ‫زخم‬ ‫طریق‬
‫دارد‬ ‫ارتباط‬ ‫بیرون‬.
•‫دیده‬ ‫زخم‬ ‫محل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ممکن‬ ‫شکسته‬ ‫استخوان‬
‫انگشت‬ ‫با‬ ‫اکسپلور‬ ،‫نشود‬
‫است‬ ‫ممنوع‬.
•‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫محسوب‬ ‫اورژانس‬ ‫یک‬.
•‫اندرسون‬ ‫و‬ ‫گاستیلو‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫تقسیم‬
‫باز‬ ‫شکستگی‬
•‫اقدامات‬‫در‬‫برخورد‬
‫اقدامات‬‫اورژانسی‬‫روتین‬‫و‬‫نمونه‬‫کشت‬‫زخم‬
‫در‬‫صورتی‬‫که‬‫بیش‬‫از‬6‫ساعت‬‫از‬‫تروما‬
‫گذشته‬‫ضروری‬‫است‬.‫معاینه‬‫نبض‬‫و‬‫عصب‬
‫دیستال‬
‫اجسام‬‫خارجی‬‫قابل‬‫رویت‬‫خارج‬
‫شده‬+(‫دبریدمان‬)‫و‬‫با‬‫گاز‬‫استریل‬‫زخم‬‫را‬
‫می‬‫پوشانیم‬
‫انتقال‬‫به‬‫اتاق‬‫عمل‬(‫در‬‫صورت‬‫امکان‬)
‫شستشو‬(‫گاز‬‫استریل‬‫روی‬‫زخم‬‫می‬،‫گذاریم‬
‫پوست‬‫اطراف‬‫آن‬‫را‬‫تمیز‬‫می‬،‫کنیم‬‫موها‬
‫اطراف‬‫را‬‫می‬،‫تراشیم‬‫اطراف‬‫زخم‬‫را‬‫به‬‫دقت‬
‫باز‬ ‫شکستگی‬
‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫زخم‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫را‬ ‫استخوان‬ ‫کشش‬ ‫با‬ ‫جراح‬
‫و‬ ‫شود‬ ‫خشک‬ ‫پریوست‬ ‫و‬ ‫نباشد‬ ‫بیرون‬ ‫تا‬
‫بمیرد‬ ‫استخوان‬.
‫می‬ ‫را‬ ‫زخم‬ ‫خیس‬ ‫استریل‬ ‫گاز‬ ‫با‬ ‫دوباره‬
‫پوشانیم‬.
‫را‬ ‫لبه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫توانیم‬ ‫می‬ ‫ولی‬ ‫زنیم‬ ‫نمی‬ ‫بخیه‬
‫کنیم‬ ‫نزدیک‬ ‫هم‬ ‫به‬ ‫فقط‬.
‫عصب‬ ‫و‬ ‫نبض‬ ‫معاینه‬‫دیستال‬
‫می‬ ‫مناسب‬ ‫آتل‬ ‫و‬ ‫کشیده‬ ‫ویبریل‬ ‫گاز‬ ‫روی‬
‫گیریم‬.
‫زخم‬‫تمیز‬ ‫کثیف‬ ‫زخم‬
‫واکسیناسیو‬
‫ن‬‫کامل‬
‫هیچ‬‫نیست‬ ‫الزم‬ ‫اقدامی‬
‫از‬ ‫بیش‬ ‫مگر‬10‫سال‬
‫واکسن‬ ‫آخرین‬ ‫از‬
‫یک‬ ‫که‬ ‫باشد‬ ‫گذشته‬
‫شود‬ ‫می‬ ‫تجویز‬ ‫دوز‬
‫از‬ ‫بیش‬ ‫اگر‬5‫سال‬
‫دوز‬ ‫یک‬ ‫بود‬ ‫گذشته‬
‫واکسن‬
‫واکسیناسیو‬
‫ن‬‫ناکامل‬
‫یک‬‫و‬ ‫واکسن‬ ‫دوز‬
‫واکسیناسیون‬ ‫تکمیل‬
‫یک‬ ‫هم‬ ‫و‬ ‫تتابولین‬ ‫هم‬
‫دوز‬‫سپس‬ ‫و‬ ‫واکسن‬
‫واکسیناسیون‬ ‫تکمیل‬
‫تجویز‬ ‫نحوه‬
‫باز‬ ‫شکستگی‬
‫عوارض‬:
•‫پوستی‬ ‫عوارض‬
•‫نرم‬ ‫بافت‬ ‫و‬ ‫استخوان‬ ‫عفونت‬
•‫نخوردن‬ ‫جوش‬ ‫و‬ ‫خوردن‬ ‫جوش‬ ‫دیر‬
•‫مفصلی‬ ‫حرکات‬ ‫محدودیت‬
‫اندام‬ ‫ترومای‬
‫ها‬ ‫شکستگی‬
•‫شستشو‬
•‫عصبی‬ ‫عروقی‬ ‫معاینه‬
•‫گیری‬ ‫آتل‬
•‫بیوتیک‬ ‫آنتی‬ ‫تجویز‬
‫لیگامی‬ ‫آسیب‬
•MRI‫تشخی‬ ‫روش‬ ‫بهترین‬‫ص‬
•‫لیگامان‬ ‫آسیب‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫در‬
‫تمیز‬ ‫زخم‬ ‫اگر‬ ‫عصب‬ ‫یا‬
‫ترمیم‬ ‫به‬ ‫اقدام‬ ‫بود‬
‫این‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫در‬ ‫کنیم‬ ‫می‬
‫می‬ ‫تاخیر‬ ‫صورت‬
‫اندازیم‬
‫اندام‬ ‫ترومای‬
‫شریانی‬ ‫آسیب‬
‫قطعی‬ ‫عالئم‬:
•‫ضربان‬ ‫خونریزی‬
‫دار‬
•‫پالس‬ ‫نبود‬
•‫حاد‬ ‫ایسکمی‬
‫مشکوک‬ ‫عالئم‬:
•‫به‬ ‫مجاورت‬
‫عروق‬
•‫عمده‬ ‫هماتوم‬
•‫عصب‬ ‫آسیب‬
‫مجاور‬
•ABI‫زیر‬0/9
‫اندام‬ ‫ترومای‬
‫شریانی‬ ‫آسیب‬
•‫است‬ ‫جراحی‬ ‫اندیکاسیون‬ ‫قطعی‬ ‫عالئم‬ ‫وجود‬.
•‫می‬ ‫آنژیوگرافی‬ ‫نباشد‬ ‫مشخص‬ ‫ضایعه‬ ‫محل‬ ‫اگر‬
‫گیریم‬.
•‫در‬ ‫اما‬ ‫است‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫اختالف‬ ‫مشکوک‬ ‫عالئم‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫در‬
‫گیری‬ ‫اندازه‬ ‫مجموع‬SBP‫سونوگرافی‬ ‫کمک‬ ‫به‬
‫انجام‬ ‫سالم‬ ‫و‬ ‫دیده‬ ‫آسیب‬ ‫اندام‬ ‫در‬ ‫داپلر‬
‫از‬ ‫بیش‬ ‫اختالف‬ ‫اگر‬ ‫شود‬ ‫می‬10‫باشد‬ ‫درصد‬
‫آنژیوگرافی‬ ‫باید‬‫یا‬CT‫شود‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫آنژیو‬
‫کمپارتمان‬ ‫سندرم‬
•‫فضای‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫فشار‬ ‫افزایش‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫در‬osteo-
fascial‫یا‬closed fascial‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫آید‬ ‫می‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫به‬
‫اعصاب‬ ‫و‬ ‫عروق‬ ‫گرفتن‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫فشار‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫در‬
‫دهد‬ ‫می‬ ‫رخ‬ ‫نکروز‬.
•1-‫عروقی‬ ‫آسیب‬2-‫نکروز‬3-‫التهاب‬ ‫تشدید‬4-
‫کمپارتمان‬ ‫فشار‬ ‫افزایش‬5-‫تکرار‬
•‫است‬ ‫شکستگی‬ ‫علت‬ ‫ترین‬ ‫شایع‬(.‫خصوص‬ ‫به‬
‫رادیوس‬ ‫دیافیر‬ ‫و‬ ‫تیبیا‬ ‫دیافیز‬)
•‫است‬ ‫تر‬ ‫شایع‬ ‫جوانان‬ ‫و‬ ‫مردان‬ ‫در‬.
‫کمپارتمان‬ ‫سندرم‬
‫عالئم‬
•5P(Pain,Pallor,Pulslessness,Paresthesia,Paralysis)
•‫است‬ ‫عالئم‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫نیز‬ ‫تورم‬
•‫سندرم‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫با‬ ‫است‬ ‫ممکن‬ ‫دیستال‬ ‫نبض‬
‫باشد‬ ‫داشته‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫کمپارتمان‬.
•‫دهد‬ ‫نمی‬ ‫پاسخ‬ ‫حرکتی‬ ‫بی‬ ‫و‬ ‫مسکن‬ ‫به‬ ‫درد‬
‫انگشتان‬ ‫پاسیو‬ ‫حرکات‬ ‫با‬ ‫و‬ ‫است‬ ‫زیاد‬ ‫تورم‬
‫یابد‬ ‫می‬ ‫افزایش‬.
‫کمپارتمان‬ ‫سندرم‬
•‫درمان‬
•‫آرنج‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫کچ‬ ‫کامل‬ ‫برداشتن‬extent‫کردن‬
•‫وقت‬ ‫اسرع‬ ‫در‬ ‫جااندازی‬
•‫در‬ ‫گرم‬ ‫آب‬ ‫کیسه‬ ‫و‬ ‫موضع‬ ‫در‬ ‫یخ‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫قرار‬
‫اطراف‬
•‫جراحی‬ ‫نداد‬ ‫جواب‬ ‫ساعت‬ ‫یک‬ ‫گذشت‬ ‫از‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫اگر‬
‫فاشیاتومی‬
‫کمپارتمان‬ ‫سندرم‬
•‫عوارض‬
‫حاد‬:‫اندام‬ ‫گانگرن‬
‫مزمن‬:‫ولکن‬ ‫کنتراکچر‬(‫و‬ ‫ساعد‬ ‫عضالت‬ ‫آتروفی‬
،‫انگشت‬ ‫حس‬ ‫فیبرو،کاهش‬ ‫بافت‬ ‫با‬ ‫جایگزینی‬
،‫مدین‬ ‫عصب‬ ‫آسیب‬Claw hand)
Emergnecy orthopedic
Emergnecy orthopedic

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