This document summarizes research on the design and fabrication of complete dentures using CAD/CAM technology. It outlines the conventional denture fabrication process and reviews literature on different CAD/CAM approaches. The fabrication process involves digitizing models, virtually arranging teeth, designing the denture base digitally, and milling resin baseplates before bonding the dentition. CAD/CAM dentures offer advantages like fewer patient visits, improved fit and strength, reduced costs, and reproducibility. However, the summary does not discuss try-in, special occlusal considerations, characterization, or compare CAD/CAM to conventional denture bases.

1. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COMPLETE
DENTURES USING CAD/CAM TECHNOLOGY
Han W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hu P, Liu H, Ma Z, Shen
Y.
Medicine. 2017 Jan 1;96(1):e5435
AAMIR ZAHID GODIL
FIRST YEAR P.G.
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS
M.A.R.D.C.

2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• CONVENTIONAL DENTURES: ADVANTAGES
AND DISADVANTAGES
• CAM PROCESSING
• REVIEW OF LITERATURE
• FABRICATION PROCESS
• CAD/CAM DENTURES: ADVANTAGES
• CRITIQUE AND CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
• Computer-aided design and computer-
aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has
emerged as a new approach for the
design and fabrication of complete
dentures.
Infante L, Yilmaz B, McGlumphy E, et al. Fabricating complete dentureswith CAD/CAM technology. J Prosthet Dentistry 2014;111:351–
5.

4. • Several commercial CAD software systems,
including 3Shape Dental System and AvaDent
digital dentures, have recently become available
for designing complete dentures.
• With this CAD/CAM technology, only 2
appointments are needed for patients to get their
complete dentures.
Kattadiyil MT, Goodacre CJ. CAD/CAM technology: application to complete dentures. Loma Linda University
Dentistry 2012; 23:16–23.
Yamamoto S, Kanazawa M, Iwaki M, et al. Effects of offset values for artificial teeth positions in CAD/CAM
complete denture. Comput Biol Med 2014;52:1–7

5. CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF
DENTURE FABRICATION
ADVANTAGES
• Ability to customize
tooth arrangements and
to confirm all preceding
steps before the trial
placement stage
• Clinically predictable
outcomes
DISADVANTAGES
• The need for a minimum of 4 to
5 patient visits and additional
post-insertion visits
• High treatment costs due to
increased patient visits
• Varying laboratory expenses
and time
• Lack of intimate fit of the denture
bases with underlying tissues
due to polymerization
shrinkage
• Inability to easily create an
optimal duplicate denture

6. • The desired geometry is obtained by physical removing the extra
materials via machining (ie, cutting/ milling) according to the digital model.
• The subtractive manufacturing has been extensively used to fabricate fixed
prosthesis, such as inlays, onlays, veneers, crowns, and fixed bridges.
Bidra AS, Taylor TD, Agar JR. Computer-aided technology for fabricating complete dentures: systematic review of
historical background, current status, and future perspectives. J Prosthet Dentistry2013;109:361–6.
THE CAM TECHNOLOGY COULD
BE CLASSIFIED INTO 2 TYPES
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND
SUBTRACTIVE
MANUFACTURING

7. • All impressions, jaw relations,
occlusal plane orientation,
tooth mold and shade
selection, and maxillary
anterior tooth positioning could
be finished in 1 patient visit for
the fabrication of complete
dentures, saving a lot of time
and materials for both patients

8. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

9. Maeda et al (1994)
• They developed a computer-aided system
including a work station for determining artificial tooth
arrangements, occlusion, the outline of polished
surface, and denture border location using a
knowledge data base.
• A complete denture was fabricated from
photopolymerized resin composite material
using a 3D laser lithography machine via printing,
but this complete denture had poor mechanical
properties such as the strength, thus being
unusable in patients.Maeda Y, Minoura M, Tsutsumi S, Okada M, Nokubi T. A CAD/CAM system for removable denture. Part I: Fabrication of
complete dentures. Int J Prosthodont 1994;7:17-21

10. Kawahata et al (1997)
• Data acquisition: CCD cameras assisted
by lasers to record digital images of
cameo and intaglio surfaces of set of
complete dentures of patient.
• Denture fabrication: computerized
numerical control (CNC) milling by
using block of wax to create duplicate
dentureKawahata N, Ono H, Nishi Y, Hamano T, Nagaoka E. Trial of duplication procedure for complete dentures by CAD/CAM. J Oral
Rehabil 1997;24:540-8.

11. Busch and Kordass (2006)
• Data acquisition: Scanning of
edentulous casts with laser and other
types of scanners.
• Digital tooth arrangement performed with a
specialized computer program using
anatomic measurements and averages.
Busch M, Kordass B. Concept and development of a computerized positioning of prosthetic teeth for complete dentures. Int J
Comput Dent 2006;9:113-20.

12. Sun et al (2008)
• Data acquisition: 3D laser scanning of
edentulous casts and occlusal rims, followed
by digital tooth arrangement and creation of
virtual flasks for denture processing.
• Denture fabrication: Rapid Prototyping
technology to create physical flasks,
followed by insertion of teeth and
conventional laboratory procedures to
fabricate complete denturesSun Y, Lu P, Wang Y. Study on CAD&RP for removable complete denture. Comput MethodsPrograms Biomed 2009;93:266-72.

13. Zhang et al (2011)
• Tooth arrangement performed by using
prototype multimanipulator tooth
arrangement robot system.
Zhang YD, Jiang JG, Liang T, Hu WP. Kinematics modeling and experimentation of the multi-manipulator tooth-arrangement robot
for full denture manufacturing. J Med Syst 2011;35:1421-9

14. Kanazawa et al (2011)
• Data acquisition: Separate extraoral cone
beam computed tomography (CBCT)
scans of patient’s dentures and artificial
teeth, followed by virtual tooth arrangement.
• Denture fabrication: CNC milling of denture
base by using a clear block of acrylic
resin, followed by manual bonding of
denture teeth into the recesses of base.
Kanazawa M, Inokoshi M, Minakuchi S, Ohbayashi N. Trial of a CAD/CAM system for fabricating complete dentures. Dent Mater J
2011;30:93-6

15. Goodacre et al (2012)
• Data acquisition: Scan of silicone
impressions made by neutral zone
technique and scan of interocclusal records,
followed by virtual tooth arrangement.
• Denture fabrication: CNC milling of denture
base by using pink block of acrylic resin,
followed by manual bonding of denture teeth
into recesses of base.
Goodacre CJ, Garbacea A, Naylor WP, Daher T, Marchack CB, Lowry J. CAD/CAM fabricated complete dentures: concepts and
clinical methods of obtaining required morphological data. J Prosthet Dent 2012;107:34-46.

16. Inokoshi et al (2012)
• Data acquisition: CBCT scans of wax trial
dentures of 10 patients, followed by various
modifications performed on computer.
• Denture fabrication: Rapid Prototyping
technology to create 7 prototype dentures
for each patient with various alterations in
tooth positions to study feasibility of using
prototype dentures for trial placement
purposesInokoshi M, Kanazawa M, Minakuchi S. Evaluation of a complete denture trial method applying rapid prototyping. Dent Mater J
2012;31:40-6

17. FABRICATION PROCESS

19. CREATE ORDER
FOR COMPLETE
DENTURE
COLLECT 3D
DIGITAL MODELS
DETERMINE
OCCLUSAL PLANE
DETERMINE
FEATURES
DETERMINE
BORDERS FOR
BASE PLATE
ARRANGING
VIRTUAL TEETH

20. TRIMMING RELIEF
AREAS
FIXING DEFECTS OCCLUSAL
ADJUSTMENTS
SAVE DESIGN AND
EXPORT TO CAM
MILLING OF RESIN
BASEPLATES
BONDING
DENTITION TO
BASEPLATE

22. CAD/CAM DENTURES:
ADVANTAGES
REDUCED NUMBER
OF PATIENT VISITS
SUPERIOR
STRENGTH AND FIT
REDUCED
MICROBIAL
COLONIZATION
REDUCED COST
REPRODUCIBILITY
STANDARDIZATION
FOR CLINICAL
RESEARCH
BETTER QUALITY
CONTROL

23. CRITIQUE AND CONCLUSION
• The article does not mention the
following key-points:
- Try-in
- Special occlusal considerations
- Characterization
- Post-insertion care
- Comparison to conventional denture bases

24. Thank You