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Human Impact
on
Ecosystem
Introduction
• Human survival depends on the health of the
ecosystem.
• Human harm the environment by causing
global warming, habitat destruction and acid
deposition.
• 90% depleted marine species
• Water pollution is devastating to people,
animals, fishes and birds.
Ecosystem
Includes all biotic and abiotic factors in
one particular environment
Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors
the living parts of
an ecosystem
the non-living
parts of an
ecosystem
Impact of Nutrient(Inorganic)
Pollution
Causes-
• Eutrophication- Excess nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus)
stimulate algal growth
Source-
• surface runoff from fields
• Sewage-treatment plants
• cooling water in electricity
Human impact on ecosystem
Impact of Organic Pollution
 Causes-
• Excess of organic manure
and sewage in water
• Depletion of oxygen
 Source-
• Domestic sewage
• Industrial effluent
• Farm waters
Impact of Oil Pollution
 Mostly Affected Aquatic
animals-
• Fish
• And aquatic Birds
 Source-
• Oil spills
• Normal operation of tankers
• Coastal refineries
• River runoff
• Urban runoff and sewage
Oil Spill in Mumbai
Impact of Thermal Pollution
 Three major Causes of thermal pollution-
• Use of water as a cooling agent
• Soil erosion
• Run-off from hot-paved surface
 Thermal pollution can lead to a decrease in
dissolved oxygen level in the water while increasing
the biological demand of aquatic organisms for
oxygen.
Impact of Radioactive Pollution
Sources of radioactive
pollution-
• Nuclear power plants
• Medical waste
• Mining of radioactive ore
Radioactive pollution can be a
very dangerous thing because
radiation mutates DNA, causing
abnormal growth and possibly
cancer.
Human Activity by Fishing Practices
Destructive Fishing
practices-
• Poison fishing
• Explosive fishing
Effect of destructive fishing
practices-
• Destroy habitat
• Inhibits the growth of new corals
• Reduces fish stocks
• Loss of fishery jobs & income
• Loss of lives
• Loss of coastal protection and tourism
Human Impact on Coral Reef
• Coral mining, pollution, over fishing, blast
fishing and the digging of
canals are serious threats
to these ecosystems.
• Approximately 10% world’s
coral reefs are already dead.
• About 60% of the world’s coral reef are at risk .
Impact of Global Warming on Sea
• It is caused by the influx of human industry
and agriculture.
• Greenhouse gases such as CO2 and
methane are responsible for Global
Warming in Sea.
• Physical effects of ocean warming on
marine populations:
• Changes in natural habitats and food supply
• Changing ocean chemistry/acidification
Ocean Acidification
• It is caused by CO2.
• 30-40% of the CO2 released by humans
• Ocean acidification is a worldwide issue,
it is more soluble in colder water
Impact of Sewage on Fish
• Highly adversely affected fish and other
aquatic life.
• Excess organic matter reduce the
dissolved oxygen content, adding stress to
aquatic organisms and resulting in their
death.
• Fish mortality is the most obvious
indication of adverse effects of sewage.
Impact of Overfishing
• Overfishing occur when fish and other
marine species are caught at a faster rate
than they can reproduce.
• It has destroyed many of the traditional
fishing industries of the world.
• Over fishing impacts not only the natural
balance and health of our ocean but has also
resulted in great financial loss.
Protection
 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was
created in 1970.
• Legislation helps to protect the environment and
endangered species.
• Clean Air Act
• Clean Water Act
• Endangered Species Act
 There are several ways that people can help protect
the environment.
• Control population growth
• Develop sustainable technology and practices
• Protect and maintain ecosystems
Conclusion
• Human survival and well-being totally depend on the
ecosystem.
• Human activities can be direct threats to ecosystems.
They cause destruction, degradation, and the impairment
of biodiversity.
• Human activities affect marine life as a result of
pollution, overfishing, the introduction of invasive
species, and acidification. All marine pollution has the
potential to seriously damage marine habitats and life in
the sea.
• Various laws and policies are created to protect our
ecosystem.
Reference-
 Dr. S. Ayyappan.; Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture;
page no. (822-842)
 WWW.wikipedia.com
• Narasimha Moger.; KVAFSU, College of Fisheries,
Mangalore, Karnataka, India, “Human Impact on Marine
Ecosystem.”
• Holly Blazewicz & Joy Hurtault & Jason Hedlund.; “Human
effects on ecosystems”
• Kleypas, Joan A.; (June 2006). "Impacts of Ocean
Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A
Guide for Future Research".
• Coral reefs around the world Guardian.co.uk, 2 September
2009
 www.googleimage.com
• Mr. Garside.; Mr. Jones.; Mr. Schumacher.; Mr. Wilcox
“Human Impact on Ecosystems” (2008 McDougal Littell )
• "Oil Spills and Disasters". Retrieved 2008-11-16.
 www.nass.gov
• James W. Nybakken.; page no.(418-445) Marine biology An
Ecologycal Approach (forth edition)
Human impact on ecosystem

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Human impact on ecosystem

  • 2. Introduction • Human survival depends on the health of the ecosystem. • Human harm the environment by causing global warming, habitat destruction and acid deposition. • 90% depleted marine species • Water pollution is devastating to people, animals, fishes and birds.
  • 3. Ecosystem Includes all biotic and abiotic factors in one particular environment Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors the living parts of an ecosystem the non-living parts of an ecosystem
  • 4. Impact of Nutrient(Inorganic) Pollution Causes- • Eutrophication- Excess nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) stimulate algal growth Source- • surface runoff from fields • Sewage-treatment plants • cooling water in electricity
  • 6. Impact of Organic Pollution  Causes- • Excess of organic manure and sewage in water • Depletion of oxygen  Source- • Domestic sewage • Industrial effluent • Farm waters
  • 7. Impact of Oil Pollution  Mostly Affected Aquatic animals- • Fish • And aquatic Birds  Source- • Oil spills • Normal operation of tankers • Coastal refineries • River runoff • Urban runoff and sewage
  • 8. Oil Spill in Mumbai
  • 9. Impact of Thermal Pollution  Three major Causes of thermal pollution- • Use of water as a cooling agent • Soil erosion • Run-off from hot-paved surface  Thermal pollution can lead to a decrease in dissolved oxygen level in the water while increasing the biological demand of aquatic organisms for oxygen.
  • 10. Impact of Radioactive Pollution Sources of radioactive pollution- • Nuclear power plants • Medical waste • Mining of radioactive ore Radioactive pollution can be a very dangerous thing because radiation mutates DNA, causing abnormal growth and possibly cancer.
  • 11. Human Activity by Fishing Practices Destructive Fishing practices- • Poison fishing • Explosive fishing
  • 12. Effect of destructive fishing practices- • Destroy habitat • Inhibits the growth of new corals • Reduces fish stocks • Loss of fishery jobs & income • Loss of lives • Loss of coastal protection and tourism
  • 13. Human Impact on Coral Reef • Coral mining, pollution, over fishing, blast fishing and the digging of canals are serious threats to these ecosystems. • Approximately 10% world’s coral reefs are already dead. • About 60% of the world’s coral reef are at risk .
  • 14. Impact of Global Warming on Sea • It is caused by the influx of human industry and agriculture. • Greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane are responsible for Global Warming in Sea. • Physical effects of ocean warming on marine populations: • Changes in natural habitats and food supply • Changing ocean chemistry/acidification
  • 15. Ocean Acidification • It is caused by CO2. • 30-40% of the CO2 released by humans • Ocean acidification is a worldwide issue, it is more soluble in colder water
  • 16. Impact of Sewage on Fish • Highly adversely affected fish and other aquatic life. • Excess organic matter reduce the dissolved oxygen content, adding stress to aquatic organisms and resulting in their death. • Fish mortality is the most obvious indication of adverse effects of sewage.
  • 17. Impact of Overfishing • Overfishing occur when fish and other marine species are caught at a faster rate than they can reproduce. • It has destroyed many of the traditional fishing industries of the world. • Over fishing impacts not only the natural balance and health of our ocean but has also resulted in great financial loss.
  • 18. Protection  The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970. • Legislation helps to protect the environment and endangered species. • Clean Air Act • Clean Water Act • Endangered Species Act  There are several ways that people can help protect the environment. • Control population growth • Develop sustainable technology and practices • Protect and maintain ecosystems
  • 19. Conclusion • Human survival and well-being totally depend on the ecosystem. • Human activities can be direct threats to ecosystems. They cause destruction, degradation, and the impairment of biodiversity. • Human activities affect marine life as a result of pollution, overfishing, the introduction of invasive species, and acidification. All marine pollution has the potential to seriously damage marine habitats and life in the sea. • Various laws and policies are created to protect our ecosystem.
  • 20. Reference-  Dr. S. Ayyappan.; Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture; page no. (822-842)  WWW.wikipedia.com • Narasimha Moger.; KVAFSU, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, “Human Impact on Marine Ecosystem.” • Holly Blazewicz & Joy Hurtault & Jason Hedlund.; “Human effects on ecosystems” • Kleypas, Joan A.; (June 2006). "Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research". • Coral reefs around the world Guardian.co.uk, 2 September 2009
  • 21.  www.googleimage.com • Mr. Garside.; Mr. Jones.; Mr. Schumacher.; Mr. Wilcox “Human Impact on Ecosystems” (2008 McDougal Littell ) • "Oil Spills and Disasters". Retrieved 2008-11-16.  www.nass.gov • James W. Nybakken.; page no.(418-445) Marine biology An Ecologycal Approach (forth edition)