6. http://bsc2011summer2009a.blogspot.com/ http://bsc2011summer2009b.blogspot.com/ Class blogs

13. Hierarchical classification

15. Kingdom ANIMALIA We will cover: Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Chordata

17. Know functions as well as structures. Functions of structures detailed in the manual will not always be included in the text. You are still required to know the function.

22. Anatomy of a sea star Opening of the WVS

23. Class Ophiuroidea Brittle star: Early Ordovician, ~500 million years ago Five arms joined to central body disk Organs of digestion and reproduction never enter the arms Arms regenerate

24. Class Echinoidea - sea urchins & sand dollars Apperaed 450 Mya Test is round and spiny No arms

25. Class Holothuroidea - sea cucumbers Elongated body and leathery skin Endoskeleton below the skin

27. palaeo-electronica.org/2000_1/fossils/fig_14.htm Yunnanozoon lividum is a suspected chordate from the Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang biota of Yunnan province We would not be here if this little animal had gone extinct!!! Extra

28. 12-week-old human fetus We do have gill slits N becomes vertebral column DHNC becomes spinal cord Extra

30. Subphylum Urochordata -tunicates or sea squirts Mostly marine and sessile Chordata N? DHNC?

31. Subphylum Urochordata - tunicate larva Chordata

32. Subphylum Cephalochordata - lancelets (Amphioxus) Chordata Half buried in the sand Filters food

34. Class Myxini - hagfishes Diet?

35. Class Cephalaspidomorphi - lampreys jawless “fish” with a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth.

36. Class Chondrichthyes - cartilagenous fishes sharks, rays, skates

37. The evolution of vertebrate jaws

39. Class Actinistia - lobe-finned fishes They were believed to have been extinct since the end of the Cretaceous, until the first specimen was found off the east coast of South Africa, off the Chalumna River in 1938

40. Class Dipnoi - lungfish These fish have lungs Live in arid habitats that experience seasonal droughts

41. Anatomy of a trout, a representative bony fish

43. The Devonian radiation of fishes

44. Intermediate between fish with fins and tetrapods with limbs Extra

46. The amniotic or cleidoic egg

47. Phylogeny of the amniotes

49. Extra They used to have teeth! 220-million-year-old turtle from China

51. Archaeopteryx - transitional fossil between dinosaurs and birds

55. Constructing a phylogenetic tree using cladistic analysis