40. An optimization model Minimize Penalty made by unsatisfied traffic aggregates Subject to Fixed resource (Limited Short Path bandwidth) Traffic aggregate QDF budget must be satisfied Allocate resource to traffic aggregates Trading off QDF with bandwidth in each Short Path 最佳化模型
72. No interac- tion allowed 2 1 Individual sampling model (ISM): Simulated patient-level Markov model (SPLMM) (variations as in quadrant below for patient level models with interaction) Simulated Markov model (SMM) Markov model (evaluated deterministically) Timed Individual sampling model (ISM): Simulated patient-level decision tree (SPLDT) Simulated decision tree (SDT) Decision tree rollback Untimed Non-Markovian, discrete-state, individuals Markovian, discrete state, individuals Markovian, discrete state, stochastic Expected value, continuous state, deterministic Individual level Cohort/aggregate level/counts D C B A
73. Discrete event simulation (CT, DES) Discrete individual simulation (DT, DES) Interaction allowed 4 3 Continuous time Individual event history model (CT, IEH) Continuous time Markov chain model (CTMC) System dynamics (ordinary differential equations, ODE) Continu-ous time Discrete-time individual event history model (DT, IEH) Discrete time Markov chain model (DTMC) System dynamics (finite difference equations, FDE) Discrete time Non-Markovian, discrete-state, individuals Markovian, discrete state, individuals Markovian, discrete state, stochastic Expected value, continuous state, deterministic Individual level Cohort/aggregate level/counts D C B A