3. Camera SHOTS categories:
PROPORTION of the object
NUMBER of people in the frame
MOVEMENT of the camera
Movement of the SUBJECT with respect to
the frame
POSITION of the camera with respect to the
subject
FUNCTION in the Cinematic sequence.
57. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
STANDBY
Meaning: Show about to
start
How: Extends hand
above head
58. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
CUE
Meaning : Show goes
on the air
How : Points to
performer or live
camera
59. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
ON TIME
Meaning : Go ahead as
planned (On the nose)
How : Touches nose
with forefinger
60. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
SPEED UP
Meaning : Accelerate
what you are doing. You
are going too slowly.
How : Rotates hand
clockwise with extended
forefinger. Urgency of
speed up is indicated by
fast or slow rotation
61. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
STRETCH
Meaning : Slow down.
Too much time left. Fill
until emergency is over.
How : Stretches
imaginary rubber band
between hands.
62. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
WIND UP (WRAP UP)
Meaning : Finish up what
you are doing. Come to an
end.
How : Similar motion to
speed up, but usually with
extended arm above
head. Sometimes
expressed with raised fist,
goodbye wave, or hands
rolling over each other as
if wrapping a package.
63. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
CUT
Meaning : Stop speech
or action immediately.
How : Pulls index finger
in knifelike motion
across throat.
64. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
5 (4,3,2,1) minute(s)
Meaning : 5 (4,3,2,1)
minute(s) left until end
of show.
How : Holds up five
(four, three, two, one)
finger(s) or small card
with number on it.
65. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
1/2 minute
Meaning : 30 seconds
left in show.
How : Forms a cross
with two index fingers or
arms. Or holds card
with number.
66. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
15 seconds
Meaning : 15 seconds
left in show.
How : Shows fist (which
can also mean wind up).
Or holds card with
number.
67. Floor Director’s CUES (time
cues)
ROLL VTR (and
countdown) 2-1 Take VTR
Meaning : VTR is rolling.
Tape is coming up.
How : Holds extended left
hand in front of face, moves
right hand in cranking
motion. Extends two, one
finger(s); clinches fist or
gives cut signal.
69. Floor Director’s CUES (directional
cues)
CLOSER
Meaning : Performer
must come closer or
bring object closer to
camera.
How : Moves both
hands toward self palms
in.
70. Floor Director’s CUES (directional
cues)
BACK
Meaning : Performer
must step back or move
object away from
camera.
How : Uses both hands
in pushing motion,
palms out.
71. Floor Director’s CUES (directional
cues)
WALK
Meaning : Performer
must move to next
performing area.
How : Makes a walking
motion with index and
middle fingers in
direction of movement.
72. Floor Director’s CUES (directional
cues)
STOP
Meaning : Stop right
here. Do not move any
more.
How : Extends both
hands in front of body,
palms out.
73. Floor Director’s CUES (directional
cues)
OK
Meaning : Very well
done. Stay right there.
Do what you are doing.
How : Forms an “O”
with thumb and
forefinger, other fingers
extended, motioning
toward talent.
75. Floor Director’s CUES (audio cues)
SPEAK UP
Meaning : Performer is
talking too softly for
present conditions.
How : Cups both hands
behind ears or moves
hand upwards, palm up.
76. Floor Director’s CUES (audio cues)
TONE DOWN
Meaning : Performer is
too loud or too
enthusiastic for the
occasion.
How : Moves both hands
toward studio floor,
palms down, or puts
extended forefinger over
mouth in shhh-like
motion.
77. Floor Director’s CUES (audio cues)
CLOSER TO MIC
Meaning : Performer is
too far away from mic
for good audio pickup.
How : Moves hand
toward face.
78. Floor Director’s CUES (audio cues)
KEEP TALKING
Meaning : Keep on
talking until further
cues.
How : Extends thumb
and forefinger
horizontally, moving
them like a bird beak.
Editor's Notes
This part of Production Management and Direction deals more on camera shots and directions… More of this lesson shall be offered in the Video Productions and Procedures in 3rd year level.
Camera shots are categorized according to this list (enumerated in the slide)…
When you say proportion of the object, it refers to how small and how big and which part of the subject is going to be captured in the frame. (DISCUSS EACH SHOT measurement according to man’s size)
Here’s an actual shots showing various proportions of a man’s body. EWS is also known as ELS—mainly used to establish location of the subject. WS or LS… ECU is also known as nostril shot because the nose is inadvertently emphasized. However, the purpose of ECU is to capture the emotion of the subject during emotional moments.
One-shot is also Single shot… When shooting for news, “shoot-edit” follows this sequence: crowd shot/long shot, group shot, single shot, reverse shot, reaction shot then to another speaker in the panel.
Zoom in/out is done by adjusting the zoom lens into wide (W) or tight (T) in the control. It is time consuming and it’s the reason why zoom in/out is seldom used in the news. Instead, news cameraman prefers cut-to-cut shots (i.e. from long shot, then cut to close-up shot)
Panning shots are often abused by amateur videographers thinking it’s nice to look at on video recordings. But the truth is panning shot has its own purpose—not just pan the camera to show how big the area is. Panning shots have stories to tell.
Swish pan is commonly used during past actions like crowd dispersal, demolition, and sports where simultaneous actions are happening.
Tilt up/down is often mistaken as Pan up or Pan down. It is to emphasize height and relate a scene to another…
Dolly in/out is moving the camera towards/outwards the subject without adjusting the zoom lens.
Running shot/trucking shot is moving the camera to the sides with a stationary subject. It is different from panning shot since the camera is not changing its subject matter.
Following shot is when the camera is following the movement of subject either by panning or trucking or walking…
Walking shot is simply the cameraman is walking forward when taking the shots.
Crane shot is when a crane is used or a jib arm is used in carrying the camera to take a low angle to high angle shots and vice versa.
It’s when the subject is running through a frame of shot…
It’s when the subject is walking through a frame of shot…
It’s when the subject is falling unto a frame of shot…
Low-angle shots are basically used to determine height and elevation…
High-angle is intended to dwarf the subject…
Aerial shots are taken by plane, choppers, balloons, spacecraft or satellite that are not on earth…
Establishing shots, as its name implies, is used to identify the location of the shooting or the subject matter. If your story is from City hall, you may begin your story with a façade of the city hall building.
In an interview, the interviewees clip/close up shot is the master shot. Also in speeches, the speaker’s recorded speech is the master shot.
It’s when the reporter is on cam while conducting the interview or the shot is from behind the speaker in a panel.
Reaction shots are not the pretty faces in a forum but it’s the faces of those who actually reacted to the speeches.
Insert shots are details of the paper/document a reporter is trying to read/check…
Point-of-view shot should always be maintained to avoid confusion among viewers.
Cut-away shot is purposely to remove the jump cuts in the cinematic sequence during video editing. Any related shots can be used as cut-away like reaction shots, insert shot, reverse shot, etc… Jump cuts are scenes that are not chronologically in order…
Lead in shot is to show LEAD ROOM… The purpose is to tell the direction of the subject where it is heading….
HEADROOM is to show a space above a subject…
Divide the frame into 9 frames by dividing the frames intro three both vertically and horizontally. Place the subject on the points where the lines met.