OpenGL ES 2.0 Programming and Cocos2d-x v3.3 Rendering System

1. OpenGL

3. 2.0

4. Programming

5. and

6. Cocos2d-x

7. v3.3

8. Rendering

9. System

11. LINE

12. CORPORATION

14. •  EGL

15. •  OpenGL

16. ES

17. 2.0

18. Pipeline

19. •  Vertex

20. shader

21. •  Fragment

22. shader

23. •  The

24. simple

25. OpenGL

26. ES

27. 2.0

28. codes

31. OpenGL

32. ES

33. 2.0

34. programming

37. •  EGL

38. is

39. an

40. interface

41. between

42. rendering

43. APIs

44. such

45. as

46. OpenCL,

47. OpenGL,

48. OpenGL

49. ES

50. or

51. OpenVG

52. (r eferred

53. to

54. collectively

55. as

56. client

57. APIs)

58. •  EGL

59. provides

60. mechanisms

61. for

62. creating

63. rendering

64. surfaces

65. onto

66. which

67. client

68. APIs

69. can

70. draw,

71. creat ing

72. graphics

73. contexts

74. for

75. client

76. APIs,

77. and

78. synchronizing

79. drawing

80. by

81. client

82. APIs

83. as

84. well

85. as

86. platfor m

87. rendering

88. APIs.

89. •  EGL

90. is

91. intended

92. to

93. be

94. implementable

95. on

96. multiple

97. operating

98. systems

99. (such

100. as

101. Android,

102. Unix,

103. and

104. Windows)

105. and

106. platforms1

107. (including

108. window

109. systems

110. such

111. as

112. X11

113. and

114. Microsoft

115. Windows,

116. and

117. platforms

118. supporting

119. rendering

120. without

121. a

122. display,

123. such

124. as

125. GBM)

129. OpenGL

130. ES

131. 2.0

132. programming

134. EGL

136. 4

137. static const EGLint s_configAttribs[] =! {! EGL_RED_SIZE, 5,! EGL_GREEN_SIZE, 6,! EGL_BLUE_SIZE, 5,! EGL_ALPHA_SIZE, 0,! EGL_LUMINANCE_SIZE, ! EGL_DONT_CARE,! EGL_SURFACE_TYPE,! EGL_VG_COLORSPACE_LINEAR_BIT,! EGL_SAMPLES, 0,! EGL_NONE! };! •  The

138. eglMakeCurrent

139. function

140. binds

141. ctx

142. to

143. the

144. current

145. rendering

146. thread

147. and

148. to

149. the

150. draw

151. and

152. read

153. surfaces.

155. •  The

156. same

157. EGLSurface

158. may

159. be

160. specified

161. for

162. both

163. draw

164. and

165. read.

167. •  When

168. the

169. client

170. is

171. finished

172. drawing

173. a

174. frame,

175. the

176. back

177. buffer

178. may

179. be

180. copied

182. to

183. a

184. visible

185. win dow

186. using

187. eglSwapBuffers.

188. ! EGLBoolean eglChooseConfig(EGLDisplay dpy, const EGLint *attrib list,! EGLConfig *configs, EGLint config_size, EGLint *num config);! ! ! EGLSurface eglCreateWindowSurface(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, ! NativeWindowType win, const EGLint *attrib_list);! ! ! EGLContext eglCreateContext(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, ! EGLContext share context, onst EGLint *attrib_list);! ! ! EGLBoolean eglMakeCurrent(EGLDisplay dpy,EGLSurface draw, ! EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx);! ! ! EGLBoolean eglSwapBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface surface);!

191. OpenGL

192. ES

193. 2.0

194. programming

196. EGL

198. 5

199. // Draw the Scene! void Director::drawScene()! {! // calculate global dt! calculateDeltaTime();! ! //tick before glClear: issue #533! if (! _paused)! {! _scheduler-update(_deltaTime);! _eventDispatcher-dispatchEvent(_eventAfterUpdate);! }! ! glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);! ! /* to avoid flickr, nextScene MUST be here: after tick and before draw.! * FIXME: Which bug is this one. It seems that it can't be reproduced with v0.9! */! if (_nextScene)! {! setNextScene();! }! ! pushMatrix(MATRIX_STACK_TYPE::MATRIX_STACK_MODELVIEW);! ! if (_runningScene)! {! //clear draw stats! _renderer-clearDrawStats();! ! //render the scene! _runningScene-render(_renderer);! ! _eventDispatcher-dispatchEvent(_eventAfterVisit);! }! ! _renderer-render();! ! _eventDispatcher-dispatchEvent(_eventAfterDraw);! ! popMatrix(MATRIX_STACK_TYPE::MATRIX_STACK_MODELVIEW);! ! // swap buffers! if (_openGLView)! {! _openGLView-swapBuffers();! }! }! void GLViewImpl::swapBuffers()! {! CCEAGLView *eaglview = (CCEAGLView*) _eaglview;! [eaglview swapBuffers];! }!

202. OpenGL

203. ES

204. 2.0

205. programming

207. EGL

208. swapBuffers

209. of

210. Cocos2d-x

212. 6

213. •  OpenGL

214. ES

215. 2.0

216. combines

217. a

218. version

219. of

220. the

221. OpenGL

222. Shading

223. Language

224. for

225. programming

226. vert ex

227. and

228. fragment

229. shaders

230. that

231. have

232. been

233. adapted

234. for

235. embedded

236. platforms.

238. •  The

239. streamlined

240. API

241. from

242. OpenGL

243. ES

244. 1.1

245. has

246. removed

247. any

248. fixed

249. functionality

250. that

251. can

252. be

253. e asily

254. replaced

255. by

256. shader

257. programs,

258. to

259. minimize

260. the

261. cost

262. and

263. power

264. consumption

265. of

266. advanc ed

267. programmable

268. graphics

269. subsystems.

272. OpenGL

273. ES

274. 2.0

275. programming

277. Rendering

278. pipeline

280. 7

281. CPU

282. -

283. GPU(

284. Vertex

285. shader

286. -

287. Fragment

288. shader

289. )

292. OpenGL

293. ES

294. 2.0

295. programming

297. Shader

298. processing

299. view

301. 8

302. #include EGL/egl.h! #include GLES2/GL2.h! #include GLES2/gl2ext.h! ! const char* g_strVSProgram =! attribute vec4 g_vVertex; n! attribute vec4 g_vColor; n! varying vec4 g_vVSColor; n! void main() n! { n! gl_Position = vec4( g_vVertex.x, g_vVertex.y, g_vVertex.z, g _vVertex.w ); n! g_vVSColor = g_vColor; n! } n;! ! const char* g_strFSProgram =! precision mediump float; n! varying vec4 g_vVSColor; n! void main() n! { n! gl_FragColor = g_vVSColor; n! } n;! ! GLuint g_hShaderProgram = 0;! GLuint g_VertexLoc = 0;! GLuint g_ColorLoc = 1;! ! GLuint hVertexShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER );! glShaderSource( hVertexShader, 1, g_strVSProgram, NULL );! glCompileShader( hVertexShader );! ! GLuint hFragmentShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER );! glShaderSource( hFragmentShader, 1, g_strFSProgram, NULL );! glCompileShader( hFragmentShader );! ! g_hShaderProgram = glCreateProgram();! glAttachShader( g_hShaderProgram, hVertexShader );! glAttachShader( g_hShaderProgram, hFragmentShader );! glBindAttribLocation(g_hShaderProgram, g_VertexLoc, g_vVertex);! glBindAttribLocation(g_hShaderProgram, g_ColorLoc, g_vColor);! glLinkProgram( g_hShaderProgram );! ! glDeleteShader( hVertexShader );! glDeleteShader( hFragmentShader ); ! ! float fSize = 0.5f;! float vertexPositionArr[] =! {! 0.0f, fSize, 0.0f, 1.0f,! -fSize, -fSize, 0.0f, 1.0f,! fSize, -fSize, 0.0f, 1.0f,! };! ! float vertexColorArr[] = ! { ! 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,! 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,! 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f! };! ! ! void Render()! {! ! // Clear the backbuffer and depth-buffer! glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f );! glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );! ! // Set the shader program! glUseProgram( g_hShaderProgram );! ! // Draw the colored triangle! glVertexAttribPointer( g_VertexLoc, 4, GL_FLOAT, 0, 0, vertexPositionArr );! glEnableVertexAttribArray( g_VertexLoc );! glVertexAttribPointer( g_ColorLoc, 4, GL_FLOAT, 0, 0, vertexColorArr);! glEnableVertexAttribArray( g_ColorLoc );! ! glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 3 );! ! glDisableVertexAttribArray( g_VertexLoc );! glDisableVertexAttribArray( g_ColorLoc );! }! ! !

304. OpenGL

305. ES

306. 2.0

307. programming

309. The

310. simple

311. OpenGL

312. ES

313. 2.0

314. codes

316. 9

317. File : CCGLProgram.cpp! ! const char* GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_COLOR = a_color;! const char* GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_POSITION = a_position;! const char* GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD = a_texCoord;! const char* GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD1 = a_texCoord1;! const char* GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD2 = a_texCoord2;! const char* GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD3 = a_texCoord3;! const char* GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_NORMAL = a_normal;! const char* GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_BLEND_WEIGHT = a_blendWeight;! const char* GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_BLEND_INDEX = “a_blendIndex;! ! void GLProgram::bindPredefinedVertexAttribs()! {! static const struct {! const char *attributeName;! int location;! } attribute_locations[] =! {! {GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_POSITION, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION},! {GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_COLOR, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_COLOR},! {GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEX_COORD},! {GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD1, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEX_COORD1},! {GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD2, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEX_COORD2},! {GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_TEX_COORD3, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEX_COORD3},! {GLProgram::ATTRIBUTE_NAME_NORMAL, GLProgram::VERTEX_ATTRIB_NORMAL},! };! ! const int size = sizeof(attribute_locations) / sizeof(attribute_locations[0]);! ! for(int i=0; isize;i++) {! glBindAttribLocation(_program, attribute_locations[i].location, attribute_locations[i].attributeName);! }! }! ! bool GLProgram::link()! {! bindPredefinedVertexAttribs();! ! glLinkProgram(_program);! ! parseVertexAttribs();! parseUniforms();! }!

319. OpenGL

320. ES

321. 2.0

322. programming

324. bindPredefinedVertexAttribs()

325. of

326. Cocos2d-x

328. 10

329. bool GLProgram::compileShader(GLuint * shader, GLenum type, const GLchar* source)! {! GLint status;! ! if (!source)! {! return false;! }! ! const GLchar *sources[] = {! #if CC_TARGET_PLATFORM == CC_PLATFORM_WINRT! (type == GL_VERTEX_SHADER ? precision mediump float;n precision mediump int;n : precision mediump float;n precision mediump int;n),! #elif (CC_TARGET_PLATFORM != CC_PLATFORM_WIN32 CC_TARGET_PLATFORM != CC_PLATFORM_LINUX CC_TARGET_PLATFORM != CC_PLATFORM_MAC)! (type == GL_VERTEX_SHADER ? precision highp float;n precision highp int;n : precision mediump float;n precision mediump int;n),! #endif! uniform mat4 CC_PMatrix;n! uniform mat4 CC_MVMatrix;n! uniform mat4 CC_MVPMatrix;n! uniform mat3 CC_NormalMatrix;n! uniform vec4 CC_Time;n! uniform vec4 CC_SinTime;n! uniform vec4 CC_CosTime;n! uniform vec4 CC_Random01;n! uniform sampler2D CC_Texture0;n! uniform sampler2D CC_Texture1;n! uniform sampler2D CC_Texture2;n! uniform sampler2D CC_Texture3;n! //CC INCLUDES ENDnn,! source,! };! ! *shader = glCreateShader(type);! glShaderSource(*shader, sizeof(sources)/sizeof(*sources), sources, nullptr);! glCompileShader(*shader);! ! glGetShaderiv(*shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, status);! ! if (! status)! {! GLsizei length;! glGetShaderiv(*shader, GL_SHADER_SOURCE_LENGTH, length);! GLchar* src = (GLchar *)malloc(sizeof(GLchar) * length);! ! glGetShaderSource(*shader, length, nullptr, src);! CCLOG(cocos2d: ERROR: Failed to compile shader:n%s, src);! ! if (type == GL_VERTEX_SHADER)! {! CCLOG(cocos2d: %s, getVertexShaderLog().c_str());! }! else! {! CCLOG(cocos2d: %s, getFragmentShaderLog().c_str());! }! free(src);! ! return false;;! }! return (status == GL_TRUE);! }!

331. OpenGL

332. ES

333. 2.0

334. programming

336. compileShader()

337. of

338. Cocos2d-x

340. 11

341. •  Version

342. :

343. v3.3

344. •  Document

345. :

346. http://cocos2d-x.org/wiki/Cocos2d_v30_renderer_pipeline_roadmap

347. •  Pseudo

348. code

349. :

350. https://gist.github.com/ricardoquesada/7049216

353. Cocos2d-x

354. v3.3

355. Rendering

356. pipeline

358. 12

359. •  Decouple

360. the

361. scene

362. graph

363. from

364. the

365. renderer

366. •  Viewing

367. frustum

368. Geometry

369. culling

370. •  Rendering

371. on

372. a

373. separate

374. thread

375. (Not

376. yet)

377. •  Automatic

378. batching

379. •  (Node

380. based)

381. Customizable

382. rendering

383. •  Optimized

384. for

385. 2D,

386. but

387. suitable

388. for

389. 3D

390. as

391. well

395. Cocos2d-x

396. v3.3

397. Rendering

398. pipeline

400. The

401. Goal

402. of

403. Cocos2d-x

404. New

405. Renderer

407. 13

408. 1.

409. Add

410. commands

411. 2.

412. Grouping

413. commands

414. 3.

415. Sorting

416. and

417. rearrangement

418. 4.

419. Execute

420. commands

424. Cocos2d-x

425. v3.3

426. Rendering

427. pipeline

429. RenderQueue

431. 14

432. void Sprite::draw(Renderer *renderer, const Mat4 transform, uint32_t flags)! {! // Don't do calculate the culling if the transform was not updated! _insideBounds = (flags FLAGS_TRANSFORM_DIRTY) ? renderer-checkVisibility(transform, _contentSize) : _insideBounds;! ! if(_insideBounds)! {! _quadCommand.init(_globalZOrder, _texture-getName(), getGLProgramState(), _blendFu nc, _quad, 1, transform);! ! renderer-addCommand(_quadCommand);! }! }! ! void Renderer::addCommand(RenderCommand* command)! {! int renderQueue =_commandGroupStack.top();! addCommand(command, renderQueue);! }! ! void Renderer::addCommand(RenderCommand* command, int renderQueue)! {! if (command-isTransparent())! _transparentRenderGroups.push_back(command);! else! _renderGroups[renderQueue].push_back(command);! }!

435. Cocos2d-x

436. v3.3

437. Rendering

438. pipeline

440. AddCommand

442. 15

443. File : CCRenderer.cpp! ! void Renderer::render()! {! //Uncomment this once everything is rendered by new renderer! //glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);! ! //TODO: setup camera or MVP! _isRendering = true;! ! if (_glViewAssigned)! {! //Process render commands! //1. Sort render commands based on ID! for (auto renderqueue : _renderGroups)! {! renderqueue.sort();! }! ! visitRenderQueue(_renderGroups[0]);! flush();! ! //Process render commands! //draw transparent objects here, do not batch for transparent objects! if (0 _transparentRenderGroups.size())! {! _transparentRenderGroups.sort();! glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);! visitTransparentRenderQueue(_transparentRenderGroups);! glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);! }! }! clean();! _isRendering = false;! }!

446. Cocos2d-x

447. v3.3

448. Rendering

449. pipeline

451. Sorting

452. and

453. Rearrangement

455. 16

456. File : CCRenderer.cpp! ! static bool compareRenderCommand(RenderCommand* a, RenderCommand* b)! {! return a-getGlobalOrder() b-getGlobalOrder();! }! ! void RenderQueue::push_back(RenderCommand* command)! {! float z = command-getGlobalOrder();! if(z 0)! _queueNegZ.push_back(command);! else if(z 0)! _queuePosZ.push_back(command);! else! _queue0.push_back(command);! }! ! void RenderQueue::sort()! {! // Don't sort _queue0, it already comes sorted! std::sort(std::begin(_queueNegZ), std::end(_queueNegZ), compareRenderCommand);! std::sort(std::begin(_queuePosZ), std::end(_queuePosZ), compareRenderCommand);! }! ! static bool compareTransparentRenderCommand(RenderCommand* a, RenderCommand* b)! {! return a-getGlobalOrder() b-getGlobalOrder();! }! ! void TransparentRenderQueue::sort()! {! std::sort(std::begin(_queueCmd), std::end(_queueCmd), compareTransparentRenderCommand);! }!

459. Cocos2d-x

460. v3.3

461. Rendering

462. pipeline

464. Sorting

465. and

466. Rearrangement

468. 17

469. •  Reducing

470. the

471. number

472. of

473. draw

474. calls

475. and

476. render

477. device

478. state

479. changes

480. will

481. imp rove

482. drastically

483. rendering

484. speed.

485. •  if

486. all

487. the

488. Quads

489. share

490. the

491. same

492. material,

493. then

494. only

495. one

496. draw

497. call

498. will

499. be

500. used

501. (automatic

502. batching)

506. Cocos2d-x

507. v3.3

508. Rendering

509. pipeline

511. Auto

512. Batching

514. 18

515. visitRenderQueue

516. and

517. flush

518. File : CCRenderer.cpp! ! RenderCommand* RenderQueue::operator[](ssize_t index) const! {! if(index static_castssize_t(_queueNegZ.size()))! return _queueNegZ[index];! ! index -= _queueNegZ.size();! ! if(index static_castssize_t(_queue0.size()))! return _queue0[index];! ! index -= _queue0.size();! ! if(index static_castssize_t(_queuePosZ.size()))! return _queuePosZ[index];! ! CCASSERT(false, invalid index);! return nullptr;! }! ! void Renderer::render()! {! if (_glViewAssigned)! {! //Process render commands! //1. Sort render commands based on ID! for (auto renderqueue : _renderGroups)! {! renderqueue.sort();! }! ! visitRenderQueue(_renderGroups[0]);! flush(); ! }! clean();! _isRendering = false;! }! ! void Renderer::flush()! {! flush2D();! flush3D();! }! ! void Renderer::flush2D()! {! drawBatchedQuads();! _lastMaterialID = 0;! drawBatchedTriangles();! _lastMaterialID = 0;! }! File : CCRenderer.cpp! ! ! void Renderer::visitRenderQueue(const RenderQueue queue)! {! ssize_t size = queue.size();! ! for (ssize_t index = 0; index size; ++index)! {! auto command = queue[index];! auto commandType = command-getType();! if( RenderCommand::Type::TRIANGLES_COMMAND == commandType)! {! //Batch Triangles ! }! else if ( RenderCommand::Type::QUAD_COMMAND == commandType )! {! flush3D();! if(_filledIndex 0)! {! drawBatchedTriangles();! _lastMaterialID = 0;! }! auto cmd = static_castQuadCommand*(command);! //Batch quads! if( (_numberQuads + cmd-getQuadCount()) * 4 VBO_SIZE )! {! //Draw batched quads if VBO is full! drawBatchedQuads();! }! ! _batchQuadCommands.push_back(cmd);! ! fillQuads(cmd);! }! }! }! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

521. Cocos2d-x

522. v3.3

523. Rendering

524. pipeline

526. Auto

527. Batching

529. 19

530. “if

531. all

532. the

533. Quads

534. share

535. the

536. same

537. material,

539. then

540. only

541. one

542. draw

543. call

544. will

545. be

546. used

547. (automatic

548. batching)”

549. File : CCRenderer.cpp! ! void Renderer::drawBatchedQuads()! {! glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _quadbuffersVBO[0]);! glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(_quadVerts[0]) * _numberQuads * 4, nullptr, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);! void *buf = glMapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_WRITE_ONLY);! memcpy(buf, _quadVerts, sizeof(_quadVerts[0])* _numberQuads * 4);! glUnmapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);! glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);! glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, _quadbuffersVBO[1]);! ! //Start drawing verties in batch! for(const auto cmd : _batchQuadCommands)! {! auto newMaterialID = cmd-getMaterialID();! if(_lastMaterialID != newMaterialID || newMaterialID == MATERIAL_ID_DO_NOT_BATCH)! {! //Draw quads! if(indexToDraw 0)! {! glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, (GLsizei) indexToDraw, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, (GLvoid*) (startIndex*sizeof(_indices [0])) );! _drawnBatches++;! _drawnVertices += indexToDraw;! ! startIndex += indexToDraw;! indexToDraw = 0;! }! ! //Use new material! cmd-useMaterial();! _lastMaterialID = newMaterialID;! }! ! indexToDraw += cmd-getQuadCount() * 6;! }! }! Renderer::flush();!

552. Cocos2d-x

553. v3.3

554. Rendering

555. pipeline

557. Auto

558. Batching

560. 20

561. If

562. the

563. AABB

564. of

565. the

566. node

567. is

568. outside

569. the

570. frustum,

572. then

573. no

574. Commands

575. will

576. be

577. submitted

578. to

579. the

580. RenderQueue.

581. bool Renderer::checkVisibility(const Mat4 transform, const Size size)! {! auto scene = Director::getInstance()-getRunningScene();! // only cull the default camera. The culling algorithm is valid for default camera.! if (scene scene-_defaultCamera != Camera::getVisitingCamera())! return true;! ! // half size of the screen! Size screen_half = Director::getInstance()-getWinSize();! screen_half.width /= 2;! screen_half.height /= 2;! ! float hSizeX = size.width/2;! float hSizeY = size.height/2;! ! Vec4 v4world, v4local;! v4local.set(hSizeX, hSizeY, 0, 1);! transform.transformVector(v4local, v4world);! ! // center of screen is (0,0)! v4world.x -= screen_half.width;! v4world.y -= screen_half.height;! ! // convert content size to world coordinates! float wshw = std::max(fabsf(hSizeX * transform.m[0] + hSizeY * transform.m[4]), fabsf(hSizeX * transform.m[0] - hSizeY * tr ansform.m[4]));! float wshh = std::max(fabsf(hSizeX * transform.m[1] + hSizeY * transform.m[5]), fabsf(hSizeX * transform.m[1] - hSizeY * tr ansform.m[5]));! ! // compare if it in the positive quadrant of the screen! float tmpx = (fabsf(v4world.x)-wshw);! float tmpy = (fabsf(v4world.y)-wshh);! bool ret = (tmpx screen_half.width tmpy screen_half.height);! ! return ret;! }!

584. Cocos2d-x

585. v3.3

586. Rendering

587. pipeline

589. Auto

590. Culling

592. 21

593. •  http://cocos2d-x.org

594. •  http://cocos2d-x.org/wiki/Cocos2d_v30_renderer_pipeline_roadmap

595. •  http://cache.freescale.com/files/dsp/doc/app_note/AN3994.pdf

596. •  https://www.khronos.org/egl

597. •  https://www.khronos.org/opengles

598. •  https://www.khronos.org/registry/egl/specs/eglspec.1.5.pdf

599. •  https://www.khronos.org/registry/gles/specs/2.0/es_full_spec_2.0.25.pdf

603. Cocos2d-x

604. v3.3

605. Rendering

606. pipeline

608. References

610. Thank

611. you!!

612. QA

OpenGL ES 2.0 Programming and Cocos2d-x v3.3 Rendering System

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