The Six Days War 1967 between Egypt and Israel

1. Conflict Analysis
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH

2.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLcbG1t_lh0
 0:01 – 1:01
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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3. Background
Stakeholders
Conflict
Aftermath
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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4. Background
Stakeholders
Conflict
Aftermath
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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5. 1947 : After the second
world war and the jews
genocide, palestinian
territory was divided into
Israel and Arab state by UN
decision
1949 : first Israel-Arab war, Israel
started to occupy the south of Arab
part
1957 : Suez Canal crisis, when
Egyptian decided to nationalize the
canal in 1956
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
29.11.2013
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6. Direct Causes
Indirect Causes
 Military presence of Arab
 Non recognition of Israel state from
countries in Israel borders
 Incident West Bank, 3 Israeli
soldier killed by Al Fatah mine
 17th May of 1967 : Withdrawal of UN
“casques bleus” to Sinai, ordered
by Nasser
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
Arab countries (Egypt, Syria,
Jordan)
 Arab alliance against
“Imperialism”
 Moshe Dayan appointed defense
minister and chief of army in 1967
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7.  Does Israel show all the characteristics of a state?
Characteristics
Status
Defined territory
unclear
Population
unclear
Judicial system
yes
Own currency, flag
yes
International recognition
unclear
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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8. Background
Stakeholders
Conflict
Aftermath
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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9. Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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10. Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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11. Gamal Abdel Nasser
(* 1918 † 1970)
 Provoquer of the Six Day War
•
1958-1970 President of the
United Arab Republic and
President of Egyptian Republic
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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12. Abd al-Hakim Amer
(* 1919 † 1967)
•
•
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
1968 -1965 Vice President of
Egypt
1956–1967 Egyptian army´s
Field Marshall and Minister of
Defense
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13. King Hussein of Jordan
(*1935 †1999)
•
1952-1999 King of Jordan
•
Reluctant ally of Egypt
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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14. Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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15. Levi Eshkol
(* 1895 † 1969)
•
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
Israel
Arab countries
•
1963-1969 Prime
Minister of Israel
1963-1967 Minister
of Defense
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16. Arab countries
Israel
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
Moshe Dayan
(* 1915 † 1981)
•
•
1967 -1974
Minister of
Defense
Lieutenant
General
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17. Arab countries
Israel
Abba Eban
(*1915 † 2002)
•
•
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
1963–1966
Deputy Prime
Minister
1966–1974
Minister of
Foreign Affairs
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18. Arab countries
Israel
Yitzhak Rabin
(*1922 † 1955)
•
•
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
1964 – 67 Chief of
Staff of the Israel
Defense Forces
(IDF)
1968 – 1973
Ambassador to the
U.S
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19. Arab countries
Israel
U.S. President Johnson: „ Israel will not
be alone, unless it decides to go alone.“
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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20.  Factors causing misperceptions
ISRAEL
Exaggeration of threats
Poor judgment of intentions, situations
Consideration of all relative information
Identity- virile or victim
Beliefs, moral authority, credibility, reputation
Deployment of arms and occupation of a
territory
 Bipolar perspective – US vs. Them
 Ideology/nationalism

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



Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
ARAB COUNTRIES






Overestimation of military capacity
Military optimism
Exaggeration of threats
Bipolar perspective – US vs. Them
Ideology/nationalism
Beliefs, moral authority, credibility,
reputation
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21. Background
Stakeholders
Conflict
Aftermath
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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22. 11th Nov
1966
13rd Nov
1966
12th May
1967
25th /26th /27th
May 1967
Israel’s foreign
3 Israeli soldiers
Israeli retaliation Eviction of UN
stepped on a mine raid crossed into forces and closing minister in
patrolling along the West Bank to strike of Israel’s Southern Washington
border between
into an al-Fatah
port Eilat by Nasser questioning the US
position in case of
Israel and West
stronghold
Wrong pretext
an war outbreak
Bank (then under BUT: Jordanian
supplied by
and the Egyptian
Jordanian control) soldiers that wasn’t
Soviets: Report of “operation Dawn”
supposed to be
Mine planted by
an Israeli plan to
plans for the 27th
there crossed
the al-Fatah
invade Syria and to
Israeli paths and capture Damascus Hotline message
organization of
between Johnson
shots were
Yasser Arafat
and Soviet Premier
exchanged
Kosygin
14 killed Jordanians
Operation
and riots in Jordan
canceled
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
30th June
1967
Jordan signs a
mutual defense
treaty with Egypt
Israel calls upon
Jordan numerous
times to refrain
from hostilities.
1st June
1967
Jordanian Army
under command of
Egyptian General
Riad
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23. 5th June
Operation Focus
(Mivtza Moked)
was launched at
7:45 am Israeli
time.
Israel Air Force
(IAF) jets attack
and destroy the air
forces of Egypt,
Syria and Jordan.
Israel sends a
message to Jordan’s
leader King Hussein
via the US State
Department, the UN
and the British
Foreign Office, saying
that, despite the
outbreak of war, it
would not attack the
West Bank if Jordan
maintained quiet on
that front.
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
King Hussein
Emboldened by
received false
this information,
information from
Jordan launched
Egypt denying
immediate multiple
Egyptian losses
attacks on Israel
and claiming a
massive and
successful Egyptian
attack against
Israel.
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24.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9CJowfomT0
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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25. 5th June
6th June
Operation Focus
(Mivtza Moked)
was launched at
7:45 am Israeli
time.
IAF was used
against Egyptian,
Jordanian, Syrian,
and Iraqi ground
forces.
No reaction of
Isreal on
Jordanians
opening fire in
Jerusalem.
Misleading
information of
General Riad
about destroyed
Isreali airforce.
7th June
8th June
9th June
Israel completed Battle of the Golan
the capture of the Heights
Sinai by sending Syria announceds
infantry units to
its acceptance of
Ras Sudar on the the cease-fire
western coast of
Despite this, four
the peninsula
hours later at 7
am, Israeli
Defense Minister
Moshe Dayan
Israeli paratroopers
"gives the order
in the Old City
to go into action
By the end of the
against Syria”
third day Jordanian
IAF destroyed
hundreds of
Egyptian vehicles
trying to flee and
trapped thousands
more in narrow
Sinai passes..
Israeli forces
entering West Bank
military no longer
in the fight.
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
10th June
In some locations,
Israeli troops
advanced after an
agreed-upon
cease-fire to
occupy
strategically strong
positions
Fighting is over.
Israel had complete
air superiority over
Israel, the Golan
Heights, the West
Bank, and the entire
Sinai desert.
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26. Israel
776–983 killed
4,517 wounded
15 captured
------400 tanks
destroyed
46 aircraft
destroyed
Arab
Countries
10,000 – 15,000 killed or missing
4,338 captured
6,000 killed or missing
533 captured
2,500 killed
591 captured
hundreds
of tanks
destroyed
452+
aircraft
destroyed
10 killed
30 wounded
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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27.  Realism
 The state is the dominant actor
 Power maximization (homo politicus, material gains)
 Recognize non-state actors but view them as unable to compete with the state
 International institutions and law = state creation and work for state interests
 Constructivism
 The state is the central actor but not always rational (also based on emotions)
 Homo symbolicus = interests are determined by identity, ideology, cultural links or
recognition
 For constructivists, material goods (disarmament) can be symbolic
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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28.  Levels of the Conflict
 International: cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union
 Regional: between progressive and conservative Arab regimes
 Bilateral: intractable Arab-Israeli conflict (perennial source of instability throughout the
region).
 Religious: entering the Old City of Jerusalem complicating relationship with Catholic
countries as well as deteriote the relationship with Muslim countries
 Power in International Relations
 Eshkol promoting soft power
 Military (Amer, Dayan, Rabin, etc.) promoting hard power
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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29. Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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30. Background and Pretext
Stakeholders
Conflict
Aftermath
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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31.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UKuxPyrpx0
 40:37 -end
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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32. UN 242 Resolution
Khartoum Resolution, “The Three No resolution"
 Required the withdrawal of
 No peace with Israel
israeli forces in occupied
territories
 "Termination of all claims
 No recognition of Israel
 No negociation with Israel
or states of belligerency
and respect for and
acknowledgment of the
sovereignty, territorial
integrity and political
independence of every
State in the area and their
right to live in peace within
secure and recognized
boundaries free from
threats or acts of force."
Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Nasser of Egypt, Sallal of Yemen,
Sabah of Kuwait and Arif of Iraq, the 29th August 1967
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33. Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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34. 34
Mathilde BERTRAND, Margareta HEIDT, Kerstin KNOBLOCH
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