The document summarizes the anatomy of the heart including its surfaces, borders, chambers, blood supply, venous drainage, and nerve supply. It describes that the heart has three surfaces - sternocostal, diaphragmatic, and base. It is divided into four chambers - right and left atria and right and left ventricles. The heart receives arterial blood supply from the right and left coronary arteries. Most venous drainage from the heart walls occurs through the coronary sinus, which drains into the right atrium. The heart has both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve innervation.

1. Heart
Dr. Mohaned W. Abulihya

4. Surfaces of the Heart

5. • The heart has three surfaces:
1. Sternocostal (anterior).
2. Diaphragmatic (inferior).
3. Base (posterior).

6. Borders of the Heart
1. The right border is formed by the right
atrium;
2. The left border, by the left auricle; and
below, by the left ventricle.
3. The lower border is formed mainly by the
right ventricle but also by the right atrium;
4. The apex is formed by the left ventricle.

8. • Chambers of the Heart
• The heart is divided by vertical septa into four
chambers: the right and left atria and the right
and left ventricles.
• The right atrium lies anterior to the left atrium,
and the right ventricle lies anterior to the left
ventricle.

9. Chambers of the Heart

10. • Right Atrium
• The right atrium consists of a main cavity and
a small outpouching, the auricle.

12. • Right Ventricle
• The right ventricle communicates with the
right atrium through the atrioventricular orifice
and with the pulmonary trunk through the
pulmonary orifice.

13. • The walls of the right ventricle are much
thicker than those of the right atrium and show
several internal projecting ridges formed of
muscle bundles.
• The projecting ridges give the ventricular wall
a spongelike appearance and are known as
trabeculae carneae.

14. • Left Atrium
• Similar to the right atrium, the left atrium
consists of a main cavity and a left auricle.
• The left atrium is situated behind the right
atrium and forms the greater part of the base
or the posterior surface of the heart.

15. • The interior of the left atrium is smooth, but
the left auricle possesses muscular ridges as in
the right auricle.

16. • Left Ventricle
• The left ventricle communicates with the left
atrium through the atrioventricular orifice and
with the aorta through the aortic orifice.
• The walls of the left ventricle are three times
thicker than those of the right ventricle.

17. • Arterial Supply of the Heart
• The arterial supply of the heart is provided by
the right and left coronary arteries, which
arise from the ascending aorta immediately
above the aortic valve.

18. left coronary artery

20. • The left coronary artery, which is usually
larger than the right coronary artery, supplies
the major part of the heart, including the
greater part of the left atrium, left ventricle,
and ventricular septum.

21. • It arises from the left posterior aortic sinus of
the ascending aorta and passes forward
between the pulmonary trunk and the left
auricle.

22. • It then enters the atrioventricular groove and
divides into an anterior interventricular branch
and a circumflex branch.

24. Branches
1. The anterior interventricular (descending)
branch runs downward in the anterior
interventricular groove to the apex of the
heart.

25. • The anterior interventricular branch supplies
the right and left ventricles .

26. • One of these ventricular branches (left
diagonal artery) may arise directly from the
trunk of the left coronary artery.
• A small left conus artery supplies the
pulmonary conus.

27. 2. The circumflex artery is the same size as the
anterior interventricular artery.

30. Right coronary artery

31. • The right coronary artery arises from the
ascending aorta and runs forward between the
pulmonary trunk and the right auricle.

32. • It descends almost vertically in the right
atrioventricular groove, and at the inferior
border of the heart it continues posteriorly
along the atrioventricular groove to
anastomose with the left coronary artery in the
posterior interventricular groove.

33. • The following branches from the right
coronary artery supply the right atrium and
right ventricle and parts of the left atrium and
left ventricle and the atrioventricular septum.

34. Branches
1. Right conus artery
• The conus artery (third coronary artery) is
a coronary artery that is present in only 45
percent of human hearts.
• The conus artery may provide collateral blood
flow to the heart when the left anterior
descending artery is occluded.

36. 2. Right anterior ventricular branches.

38. 3. Posterior interventricular (descending) artery
runs toward the apex in the posterior
interventricular groove.

41. Venous Drainage of the Heart
• Most blood from the heart wall drains into the
right atrium through the coronary sinus which
lies in the posterior part of the atrioventricular
groove and is a continuation of the great
cardiac vein.
• It opens into the right atrium to the left of the
inferior vena cava.

44. • The small and middle cardiac veins are
tributaries of the coronary sinus.

46. • The remainder of the blood is returned to the
right atrium by the anterior cardiac vein and by
small veins that open directly into the heart
chambers.

47. Nerve Supply of the Heart
• The heart is innervated by sympathetic and
parasympathetic fibers of the autonomic
nervous system via the cardiac plexuses
situated below the arch of the aorta.

49. • The sympathetic supply arises from the
cervical and upper thoracic portions of the
sympathetic trunks,
• The parasympathetic supply comes from the
vagus nerves.

50. Thanks