Muscular System

Muscular System
for students of occupational therapy

Anatomy & physiology 2

Lecturer: Mohammed Subhi El-Lulu

Muscle Types

Skeletal Cardiac

Smooth

2 Mohammed Subhi El-Lulu
mohdlulu@hotmail.com

Skeletal muscle characteristics

Attach bone by tendon

Many nuclei

Striated

Voluntary

Surrounded By C.T


Function of Skeletal Muscle
Produce Movement

Maintain Posture

Stabilize Joint

Generate Heat


Naming of skeletal muscle

Size
Location
Direction
Origin &
Insertion
Shape
No. of
Origins

1- Direction of muscle

 Relative to the Midline
 RECTUS means parallel
to midline
• Rectus Abdominus
 TRANSVERSE means
perpendicular to midline
• Transverse Abdominus
 OBLIQUE means
diagonal to midline
• External Oblique


2- Location of muscle

 Structure near which a
muscle is found
 Muscle near frontal
bone = Frontalis
 Muscle near the Tibia =
Tibialis anterior


3- Size of muscle

 MAXIMUS means largest
• Gluteus Maximus

 MINIMUS means smallest
• Gluteus Minimus

 LONGUS means longest
• Fibularis Longus

 BREVIS means short
• Fibularis Brevis

 TERTIUS means shortest
Fibularis Tertius


4- Number of origins of muscle

Number of tendons of origin
 BICEPS means two
• Biceps Brachii

 TRICEPS means three
• Triceps Brachii

 QUADRICEPS means
four
 Quadriceps Femoris


5- Shape of muscle
 DELTOID means having
a triangular shape
 TRAPEZIUS means
having a trapezoid shape
 SERRATUS means
having a saw-toothed
shape (Serratus Ant.)
 RHOMBOIDEUS means
having a diamond shape
(Rhomboid Major


6- Origin & Insertion
 (Origin): attached to less or
immovable bone.
 (Insertion): attached to the
movable bone.
 STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID:
attaches to the Sternum,
Clavicle, and Mastoid Process
 ILIO COSTALIS: attaches to
the ilium & ribs


Function of muscle
NAME ACTION EXAMPLE

FLEXOR Decrease ang’hile at a joint Flexor Carpi Radialis

EXTENSOR Increase angle at a joint Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

ABDUCTOR Move bone away from midline Abductor Pollicis Longus

ADDUCTOR Move bone toward midline Adductor Longus

LEVATOR Produces upward movement Levator Scapulae

DEPRESSOR Produces downward movement Depressor Labii Inferioris

SUPINATOR Turn palm upward/anteriorly Supinator

PRONATOR Turn palm downward/posteriorly Pronator Teres


Body Muscles

Extremity Movement

6 muscle groups of head and neck

Eye
Facial Mastication

Tongue Neck
Pharynx


Muscles of vertebral column
Spinal Flexor Transversospinalis

Superficial Spinal Extensor Spinalis group
Longissimus group
Iliocostalis group
Deep Spinal Extensor Semispinalis group

Multifidus muscle

Interspinalis muscles

Intertransversarii muscles
Rotatores muscles
Oblique Muscles compress underlying structures

rotate vertebral column

Rectus Muscles flex vertebral column
oppose erector spinae


6 muscles that position the Pectoral Girdle

Trapezius Rhomboid Subclavius

• Serratus • Levator • Pectoralis
Scapulae Minor


Trapezius, Rhomboid, Levator Scapulae


Serratus, Pectoralis minor


Subclavius


Muscles that move the Arm

Deltoid

Subscapularis Supra
Teres major spinatus

Rotator
Cuff
Infraspinatus Latissimus
Teres minor dorsi

Coraco
brachialis


Deltoid “major abductor”


Supraspinatus “assists deltoid”


Subscapularis & teres major
“medial rotation at shoulder


Infraspinatus & teres minor
“lateral rotation at shoulder”


Coracobrachialis
“flexion & adduction at shoulder”


Pectoralis major “flexion of shoulder”


Latissmus dorsi
“Extension of shoulder joint”


Rotator Cuff


13 muscles that move Forearm & Hand
• Biceps brachii “flex elbow, stabilize joint”
A • Triceps brachii “extend elbow”

• Brachialis and brachioradialis “flex elbow”
B • Anconeus “opposes brachialis”
• Palmaris longus ”flex wrist”
• Flexor carpi ulnaris ”flex/ adduct wrist”
C • Flexor carpi redialis “flex/ abduct wrist”

• Extensor carpi radialis “extend/ abduct wrist”
D • Extensor carpi ulnaris “extend/ adduct wrist”

• Pronator teres and supinator “rotate radialis”
E • Pronator quadratus “assist pronator teres”


Biceps brachii “flex elbow, stabilize joint”


Triceps brachii “extend elbow”


Brachialis and brachioradialis “flex elbow”


Anconeus “opposes brachialis”


Palmaris longus ”flex wrist”
Flexor carpi ulnaris ”flex/ adduct wrist”
Flexor carpi redialis “flex/ abduct wrist


Extensor carpi radialis “extend/ abduct wrist”
Extensor carpi ulnaris “extend/ adduct wrist”


Pronator teres and supinator “rotate radialis”
Pronator quadratus “assist pronator teres”


Muscles that move the hand and figures


Posterior Extensor Retinaculum


Anterior Flexor Reticulum


Muscles that move Lower Limb

45

Thigh and Gluteal Muscles
oCover lateral surface of ilia.
 Gluteus maximus:

 largest, most posterior gluteal muscle
 produces extension and lateral rotation at hip

 Tensor fasciae latae:
 works with gluteus maximus
 stabilizes iliotibial tract
 Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus:
 originate anterior to gluteus maximus insert on trochanter


Muscles of Thigh


Trochanter


(6) Lateral Rotators (Piriformis, Obturator)


Adductors of Thigh


Adductors of Thigh

Pectineus Gracilis


Muscles that
move the Leg
Flexors of Knee

 Biceps femoris
 Semimembranosus-
 Semitendinosus
 Sartorius:
 Popliteus:


Muscles that
move the Leg

Extensors of Knee

Quadriceps Femoris

 3 vastus
 Rectus femoris


Muscular System

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