The document discusses infertility, which is defined as the inability to have biological children. Major causes of female infertility include endometriosis, ovulation problems, poor egg quality, polycystic ovary syndrome, and blocked fallopian tubes. Endometriosis involves endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus, causing painful periods and irregular bleeding. Ovulation problems prevent egg release, while poor egg quality involves damaged or abnormal eggs. Polycystic ovary syndrome features ovarian cysts and hormonal issues that inhibit ovulation. Blocked fallopian tubes prevent egg and sperm from meeting. Male infertility can be caused by blocked tubes or low/poor quality sperm. Unexplained infertility means the cause cannot be determined, while

1. Infertility

2. Infertility
Is the inability to
have biological
children

3. Major causes of Infertility in Female
Endometriosis
Ovulation problems
Poor egg quality
Polycystic ovary
syndrome
Female tube blockages

4. Endometriosis
is a condition in which endometrial tissue, the
uterine lining that sheds with each monthly
period grows outside the uterus
Causes/Symptoms:
- painful menstrual periods
- irregular or heavy bleeding
- repeated miscarriages
Procedure/Treatment:
- Laparoscopic surgery

6. Ovulation problems
Are conditions that prevent the release of a
mature egg from the ovary
Causes/Symptoms:
-Absent or infrequent periods
-Heavy or light bleeding
Procedure/Treatment
- Ovulation-stimulating drugs

7. Poor egg quality
Is caused by damaged eggs or developed by
chromosomal abnormalities
Causes/Symptoms:
-Age related
Procedure/Treatment
- Egg donation or surrogacy

8. Polycystic ovary syndrome
is having ovaries with many small cysts
acquiring hormonal imbalances and do not
ovulate regularly
Causes/Symptoms:
- Irregular menstruation
-Excessive hair growth
-Weight gain
-Acne
Procedure/Treatment
- Ovulation-stimulating drugs

9. Polycystic ovary syndrome

10. Female tube blockages
Are blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
preventing eggs from uterus and sperm from
reaching the egg
Causes/Symptoms:
- pelvic inflammatory disease
-Sexually transmitted diseases
-Sterilization surgery
Procedure/Treatment
- Laparoscopic surgery

11. Female tube blockages

12. Male tube blockages
Are obstructions in the vas deferens or
epididymis
Causes/Symptoms:
- pelvic inflammatory disease
-Sexually transmitted diseases
-Sterilization surgery
Procedure/Treatment
- Ovulation-stimulating drugs

14. Sperm problems
Having low or no sperm counts, poor
sperm motility or abnormally-shaped
sperm
Causes/Symptoms:
- Age
-Emotional Stress
-Impotence
Procedure/Treatment
-Boosting sperm production
-Artificial insemination

16. Sperm Allergy
Is a situation where infertile women
and men have immune reactions to
sperm
Causes/Symptoms:
- An itchy feeling after making love
Procedure/Treatment
-Sperm washing intrauterine
insemination and immunosuppressive
drugs

17. Unexplained and
Combination Infertility
Unexplained infertility
is termed when doctors cannot
determine the cause of infertility
after a full series of tests and
assessments
Combination infertility
Is the term used when both male
and female have infertility
problems

18. What can
you do to
prevent
Infertility?

19.  Avoid drugs and
medications known to
lead fertility problems
like steroid
 Avoid excessive exercise
or stress
 Avoid contact with
environmental hazards
 Avoid frequent high
temperature activities
like hot baths

20. Avoid excessive exercises or stress
Avoid smoking and limit caffeine
and alcohol intake
Control diseases like diabetes and
hypothyroidism
Well balanced nutritious diet with
plenty of folate like fresh fruits and
vegetables
Have proper weight by following
management guidelines
Undergo physical examinations for
detection of early signs of infections
or abnormalities