3. Energy
Energy. It's the capacity of an object or body to
transform an energy source into work.
The quantity of energy is the equivalent of
quantity of work.
4. Energy
There are a lot of types of energy:
*Mechanical energy
*Electrical energy.
*Electromagnetic energy.
*Sound energy.
*Chemical energy.
*Nuclear energy.
*Thermal or calorific energy.
5. Energy
Mechanical energy.
-Kinetic energy: it's the energy that have de
objects when they are in motion.
-Potencial energy: it's the energy that objects
have when they're moved from one position to
another.
6. Electrical energy. This energy makes electrical
Energy
enegy work when they are connected to a
supply of electricity.
7. Energy
Electromagnetic
energy. This
energy is
transported by
electromagnetic
waves. Luminous
energy is a type of
this energy
produced by the
sun or artificial
lights.
11. Energy
Thermal or calorific energy. It's produce from the
vibration of particles in matter. The thermal
energy of objects is measured by the
temperature.
12. Energy
Energy sources. They are natural resources that
produce forms of energy , and they can be
transformed to especific use.
There are two types:
*Renewable energy sources.
*Non-renewable energy sources .
14. Energy
Hydraulic Energy
Production.
1. When water is released from damps and
falls its potencial energy is transform into kinetic
energy.
2. The kinetic energy moves turbines , which
rotate an alternator.
3. The alternator transforms kinetic energy
into electricity
15. Energy
Hydraulic Energy
Transformation.
* Most hydraulic energy produce electricity in
hydroelectric power stations. They need:
* Rivers with a lot of water.
* Rivers in valleys with high slopes to
contain the water.
* Small hydraulic power stations produced
electricity and don't damage.
16. Energy
Hydraulic energy
Advantages.
*It's cheap.
*It's clean.
*It's non-polluting.
17. Energy
Hydraulic energy
Disadvantages.
*Building power stations is very expensive.
*Reservoirs cover productive land and can
destroy villages.
*Resevoirs can spoil the landscape and affect
the animal.
*There's a risk of a catastrophe if a dam
breaks.
18. Energy
Solar energy
Production and transformation.
* It produces hot water by using flat solar
thermal collectors. These use sun's heat to
heat up the water that circulates in the pipes
below.
*It generates electrical energy using solar
panels. They are used for energy comsumption
in homes, bussinesses and industry.
*It produces electrical energy in heliosat fields.
Heliostas reflect light fro the sun and focus it
onto a central collector that holds water that is
19. Energy
Solar energy
Advantages.
*It's clean.
*Big power stations are not
needed.
*It's unlimited.
Disadvantages.
*It's variable source of energy-
sunlight depends on the
season,climate and latitude.
*Solar panels are expensive.
20. Energy
Wind energy
Production and transformation.
*It's produced by the effect of radiation of the
atmosphere. Radiation produces different
temperatures at different heights. The air
moves. When wind energy moves the blades of
a wind turbine, kinetic energy is transformed
into electricity.
21. Energy
Wind energy
Advantanges.
*It's unlimited and non-polluting.
*The cost of building and maintaining a wind
farm is low.
Disadvantages.
*It's variable source of energy-there are many
regions that haven't got much wind.
*Wind turbines are a hazard for birds and
produce noise pollution.
22. Energy
Marine energy
Types.
*Tidal energy can be extracted from the tides.
*Wave energy is obtained from the movement
of seas waves.
*Ocean thermal energy is produced from the
difference in temperature between the surface
of the sea and the deep sea.
23. Energy
Geothermal energy
This energy comes from the heat stored in the
earth's crust. It can appears naturally in
geysers and volcanic eruptions. If the
temperature is below 150 ºC, heat can be
produced. If the temperature is above 150 ºC,
electricity can be produced.
24. Energy
Biomass
This is produced from plant remains, forest and
agricultural waste. It's mainly used in two ways:
*to produce electricity.
*transformation into fuels such as charcoal,
biogas,biodiesel and alcohol.
26. Energy
Nuclear energy. The energy stored in the nuclei
of atoms and it's released in the nuclear
reactions of some atoms.
*Types:
*Nuclear fusion. It's the fusion of two light nuclei
to form a heavier nucleus. Energy from the sun
and the stars are produced by the fusion of
hydrogen nuclei.
*Nuclear fission. The fission of a heavy nucleus
into lighter nuclei by bombarding it with
neutrons.
27. Energy
*Transformation. Thermal energy is released by
the reaction heats water and the water is
converted into steam under high pressure. This
moves the turbines of a generator to produce
electrical energy.
28. Energy
Coal. It's was formed
from the remains of
plants that were
buried and
transformed. It's
light and black.
*Types:
*Athracite.
*Bituminous.
*Lignite.
*Peat.
29. Energy
*Extraction:
*Open-cast mines.The coal is close to the
surface and the soil is remove to expose it.
*Underground mines. The mineral is buried below
the surface and it must be mined underground.
*Transport:
*by sea:in enormous ships.
*by land: normally by train.
*by road: usually for local transport.
30. Energy
*Uses:
* Now. -generate electricity in coventional power
stations.
-for central heating systems.
*Before. -for street lighting.
-as a domestic fuel.
31. Energy
Petroleum. It's formed from the buried ramins of
plants and animals that hace descomposed
because of bacterias action.
*Extraction:
1. The petroleum is drilled on land or under the
sea.
2. It's extracted using pumps, or natural pressure
in the well causes the oil to rise to the surface.
3. This contains salt water, rock, mud and gas, so
it's purified.
32. Energy
*Storage and transport:
*Oil tankers. These are specialised ships
designed for intercontinental transport.
*Oil pipelines. These are enormous steel pipes.
34. Energy
Fuel oils *In thermal power
stations to produce
electricity.
* Heating.
Liquid Vaseline Lubricant, for
components making creams.
Haevy Paraffin/tar To make things
componets waterproof/ for
alphat.
35. Energy
Natural gas. It's a mixture of gases formed from
descomposed plants ans animals.
*Extraction:
1. It's transported from gas fields by gas pipelines
to liquefaction.
2. The gas is converted into liquid
form.
3. It's transported in LNG carries.
4. When it reaches its destination, the LNG is
returned to a gaseous state ans trasported
once again through gas pipelines.
36. Energy
*Uses: It's used in homes
to produce thermal
energy, and in thermal
power stations to obtain
electrical energy.
37. Energy
Non-renewable energies
and the enviroment:
*Increased greenhouses
effect.
*Acid rain.
*Oil spills.
*Nuclear waste.
*Rising water temperature.
*Atmospheric pollution.
38. Energy
Increased greenhouses effect
The burning of fossils fuels release carbon
dioxide. This increase in the atmospehere traps
the sun's rays, and the earth's temperature
increases.
39. Energy
Acid rain.
This is caused by burning coal and petroleum.
They produce sulphur and nitogen oxide. The
acids have negative effects on rivers, lakes and
forests.
40. Energy
Oil spills
This happen when petroleum is
released into the sea or because of oil
tanker accidents. They are a hazard
for marine and coastal ecosystems.
41. Energy
Nuclear waste.
It must be stored in safe conditions because it
emits radioactivity that is very dangerous to
living things, so safety sistems are important.
42. Energy
Rising water temperature
Thermal power stations emit hot water that
causes the temperature of river and sea water
to rise. This affect negativily on animals and
plants.
43. Energy
There are many types of
power stations. These are
some of them:
*Nuclear power station. This
power station use fission
energy.
*Thermal power station.
*Hydraulic power station.
This power station needs
rivers with a lot of water and
rivers in valleys with high
slopes to contain the water.
44. Energy
Wind turbines:
*Wind turbines creates water from thin air. They
have produced renewable energy but a French
engineering firm has discovered another eco-
purpose for the towering structures.
*One turbine can produce 1,000 liters of water
everyday , depending on the level of humidity ,
temperature and wind speeds.
* The disadvantages are that wind turbines are a
hazard for birds and produce noise pollution.
45. Energy
*This enough to provide
water for a village or
town of 2,000 to 3,000
people.
*It cost between
660,000$ depending
on the installation.
46. Energy
This is the end of our
presentation.
We hope you enjoyed.
Mónica García
Jaime Murillo 2ºB
