1. WELCOME

7. Treatments employed T 10 = Chirata extract (1:2) T 9 = Allamanda extract (1:2) T 8 = Bishkatali extract (1:2) T 7 = Neem extract (1:2) T 6 = Garlic extract (1:2) T 5 = Chirata extract (1:1) T 4 = Allamanda extract (1:1) T 3 = Bishkatali extract (1:1) T 2 = Neem extract (1:1) T 1 = Garlic extract (1:1) T 0 = Control

10. Table-1: Germination of the collected samples without treatment RESULTS 80.00 74.33 71.67 S 12 77.00 76.67 69.33 S11 76.33 85.00 77.00 S 10 71.33 81.67 72.33 S 9 58.00 81.00 81.33 S 8 81.67 70.33 71.67 S 7 79.33 69.33 58.80 S 6 77.67 81.33 78.67 S 5 75.67 77.00 75.33 S 4 67.33 54.67 68.67 S 3 78.33 72.67 69.63 S 2 72.33 77.73 75.67 S 1 Pajam (%) BR6 (%) Joya (%) Sample

12. Conidia of Bipolaris Oryzae Conidia of Aspergillus niger Conidia of Curvularia lunata Conidia of Aspergillus flavus Conidia of Fusarium moniliforme Conidia of Fusarium oxysporum Conidia of Nigrospora oryzae Conidia of Penicillium sp. Conidia of Alternaria padwickii Plate-1: Identified species of fungi on rice seeds of three varieties:

13. Table-2 : Effect of variety on percent seed borne infection of rice seeds sample (based on lowest germination and highest prevalence of fungi ) Figure with common letters did not differ significantly at 5% level RESULTS 54.001 4.667 a 8.667 a 4.000 a 6.333 b 4.667 a 4.667 b 11.333 a 3.000 a 6.667 c Pajam 66.334 4.667 a 5.333 b 3.667 a 7.000 ab 6.333 a 11.00 a 13.00 a 2.667 a 12.67 a BR6 56.996 5.000 a 4.667 b 4.000 a 9.333 a 6.333 a 5.333 b 12.33 a 0.000 b 10.00 b Joya Total Penicillium sp. Aspergillus flavus Nigrospora oryzae Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium moniliforme Curvularia lunata Bipolaris oryzae Aspergillus niger Alternaria padwickii Variety

14. Table-3 : Effect of plant extracts (1:1 and 1:2) on germination of rice seeds (Pajam) Figure with common letters did not differ significantly at 5% level RESULTS 60.91 93.33 bc T 10 = Chirata(1:2) 30.46 75.67 f T 9 = Allamanda(1:2) 61.50 93.67 bc T 8 = Bishkatali(1:2) 43.67 83.33 d T 7 = Neem(1:2) 64.36 95.33 ab T 6 = Garlic(1:2) 67.75 97.30 a T 5 = Chirata(1:1) 37.93 80.00 e T 4 = Allamanda(1:1) 58.05 91.67 c T 3 = Bishkatali(1:1) 38.50 80.33 e T 2 = Neem(1:1) 67.81 97.33 a T 1 = Garlic (1:1) 58.00 g T 0 = Control Germination increase over control (%) Seed Germination (%) Treatments

15. Table-4: Effect of plant extracts (1:1 and 1:2) on seed-borne infection of rice seeds (Pajam) Figure with common letters did not differ significantly at 5% level RESULTS 91.30 4.667 0.000 e 0.000 d 0.000 b 1.000 ef 0.000 d 1.667 b 0.333 f 0.000 b 1.667 cd T 10 = Chirata(1:2) 56.52 23.333 1.000 bcd 3.000 b 0.000 b 4.667 b 3.333 b 2.000 b 5.333 b 0.000 b 4.000 b T 9 = Allamanda(1:2) 81.36 10.001 1.667 b 1.000 cd 0.000 b 2.667 cd 0.667 d 0.000 d 2.000 cde 0.000 b 2.000 c T 8 = Bishkatali(1:2) 81.37 10.000 0.000 e 1.000 cd 0.000 b 2.000 de 2.000 c 0.000 d 2.667 cd 0.000 b 2.333 c T 7 = Neem(1:2) 86.96 6.999 0.333 de 0.667 d 0.000 b 1.000 ef 1.333 cd 0.000 d 2.333 cd 0.000 b 1.333 cde T 6 = Garlic(1:2) 93.79 3.334 0.333 de 0.667 d 0.000 b 1.000 ef 0.000 d 0.000 d 0.667 ef 0.000 b 0.667 de T 5 = Chirata(1:1) 73.29 14.334 1.333 bc 2.667 b 0.000 b 3.667 bc 0.000 d 2.000 b 3.000 c 0.000 b 1.667 cd T 4 =Allamanda(1:1) 89.44 5.667 0.667 cde 1.000 cd 0.000 b 1.000 ef 0.000 d 1.000 c 1.333 def 0.000 b 0.667 de T 3 =Bishkatali(1:1) 80.74 10.334 1.333 bc 1.667 c 0.000 b 2.667 cd 0.000 d 0.000 d 2.667 cd 0.000 b 2.000 c T 2 = Neem(1:1) 95.03 2.667 0.333 de 0.667 d 0.000 b 0.667 f 0.000 d 0.000 d 0.667 ef 0.000 b 0.333 e T 1 = Garlic (1:1) 53.668 4.667 a 8.667 a 4.000 a 6.333 a 4.667 a 4.667 a 11.333 a 2.667a 6.667 a T 0 =Control Reduction (%) Total (%) Penicillium sp. Aspergillus flavus Nigrospora oryzae Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium moniliforme Curvularia lunata Bipolaris oryzae Aspergillus niger Alternaria padwickii Treatment

16. Neem 1:1 Neem 1:2 Allamanda 1:1 Allamanda 1:2 Chirata 1:1 Chirata 1:2 Bishkatali 1:1 Bishkatali 1:2 Garlic 1:1 Garlic 1:2 Control Plate -2. Effect of different plant extracts on Pajam seeds

17. Table-5 : Effect of plant extracts (1:1 and 1:2) on germination of rice seeds (BR6) Figure with common letters did not differ significantly at 5% level RESULTS 34.13 73.33 g T 10 = Chirata(1:2) 28.04 70.00 h T 9 = Allamanda(1:2) 39.62 76.33 f T 8 = Bishkatali(1:2) 39.02 76.00 f T 7 = Neem(1:2) 62.19 88.67 b T 6 = Garlic(1:2) 46.94 80.33 d T 5 = Chirata(1:1) 42.67 78.00 e T 4 = Allamanda(1:1) 28.04 70.00 h T 3 = Bishkatali(1:1) 59.74 87.33 c T 2 = Neem(1:1) 67.68 91.67 a T 1 = Garlic (1:1) 54.67 i T 0 = Control Germination increase over control (%) Seed Germination (%) Treatments

18. Table-6 : Effect of plant extracts (1:1 and 1:2) on seed-borne infection of rice seeds (BR6) Figure with common letters did not differ significantly at 5% level RESULTS 83.42 11.000 0.667 cd 1.000 b 2.000 bc 1.000 c 1.000 bc 1.333 bc 2.333 bc 0.000 b 1.667 cde T 10 = Chirata(1:2) 76.38 15.667 1.333 bcd 1.333 b 1.000 cde 2.000 bc 1.667 b 1.667 bc 3.667 b 0.000 b 3.000 b T 9 =Allamanda(1:2) 76.88 15.334 2.667 b 1.333 b 2.667 ab 2.000 bc 0.000 c 2.000 b 3.000 bc 0.000 b 1.667 cde T 8 = Bishkatali(1:2) 80.90 12.667 1.667 bc 2.000 b 1.667 bcd 2.667 b 0.000 c 1.333 bc 2.000 c 0.000 b 1.333 de T 7 = Neem(1:2) 88.44 7.667 1.000 cd 1.333 b 0.000 e 2.000 bc 0.000 c 0.667 c 2.000 c 0.000 b 0.667 e T 6 = Garlic(1:2) 85.43 9.667 1.000 cd 1.000 b 0.667 cde 2.333 bc 1.000 bc 0.667 c 2.000 c 0.000 b 1.000 de T 5 = Chirata(1:1) 83.42 11.000 1.333 bcd 0.333 b 1.000 cde 1.000 c 1.000 bc 1.667 bc 2.667 bc 0.000 b 2.000 bcd T 4 =Allamanda(1:1) 74.37 17.001 1.667 bc 1.000 b 2.000 bc 2.000 bc 2.000 b 2.000 b 3.667 b 0.000 b 2.667 bc T 3 = Bishkatali(1:1) 82.41 11.667 2.000 bc 1.667 b 0.333 de 1.667 bc 0.333 c 1.667 bc 2.667 bc 0.000 b 1.333 de T 2 = Neem(1:1) 91.46 5.667 0.000 d 1.000 b 0.000 e 1.000 c 0.000 c 0.667 c 2.000 c 0.000 b 1.000 de T 1 =Garlic (1:1) 66.337 4.667 a 5.333 a 3.667 a 7.000 a 6.333 a 11.00 a 13.00 a 2.667 a 12.67 a T 0 = Control Reduction (%) Total (%) Penicillium sp. Aspergillus flavus Nigrospora oryzae Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium moniliforme Curvularia lunata Bipolaris oryzae Aspergillus niger Alternaria padwickii Treatment

19. Control Garlic1:1 Garlic 1:2 Neem 1:1 Neem 1:2 Chirata 1:1 Chirata 1:2 Bishkatali 1:1 Bishkatali 1:2 Allamanda 1:1 Allamanda 1:2 Plate-3. Effect of different plant extracts on BR6 seeds

20. Table-7 : Effect of plant extracts (1:1 and 1:2) on germination of rice seeds (Joya) Figure with common letters did not differ significantly at 5% level RESULTS 54.60 89.67 d T 10 = Chirata(1:2) 57.46 91.33 cd T 9 = Allamanda(1:2) 43.67 83.33 e T 8 = Bishkatali(1:2) 61.50 93.67 b T 7 = Neem(1:2) 62.64 94.33 b T 6 = Garlic(1:2) 59.19 92.33 bc T 5 = Chirata(1:1) 62.07 94.00 b T 4 = Allamanda(1:1) 41.38 82.00 e T 3 = Bishkatali(1:1) 66.09 96.33 a T 2 = Neem(1:1) 68.39 97.67 a T 1 = Garlic (1:1) 58.80 f T 0 = Control Germination increase over control (%) Seed Germination (%) Treatments

21. Table-8 : Effect of plant extracts (1:1 and 1:2) on seed-borne infection of rice seeds (Joya) Figure with common letters did not differ significantly at 5% level RESULTS 81.87 10.333 1.000 c 2.333 bc 0.000 c 1.000 c 1.000 b 0.000 c 3.333 bc 0.000 1.667 bcd T 10 = Chirata(1:2) 80.69 11.001 1.667 bc 1.667 bcd 0.000 c 3.000 b 0.000 c 0.000 c 3.000 bc 0.000 1.667 bcd T 9 =Allamanda(1:2) 75.44 14.000 2.333 b 1.667 bcd 0.000 c 3.000 b 0.000 c 1.000 b 3.667 b 0.000 2.333 b T 8 =Bishkatali(1:2) 84.21 9.001 0.667 c 0.667 d 0.667 b 3.333 b 0.000 c 0.000 c 2.667 bc 0.000 1.000 cd T 7 = Neem(1:2) 88.30 6.667 1.000 c 0.667 d 0.000 c 2.000 bc 0.000 c 0.000 c 2.000 bc 0.000 1.000 cd T 6 = Garlic(1:2) 86.55 7.667 1.000 c 1.000 cd 0.000 c 1.000 c 0.000 c 0.000 c 2.667 bc 0.000 2.000 bc T 5 = Chirata(1:1) 83.62 9.334 1.000 c 1.667 bcd 0.000 c 2.000 bc 0.000 c 0.667 bc 3.000 bc 0.000 1.000 cd T 4 =Allamanda(1:1) 73.68 15.001 2.667 b 2.667 b 0.000 c 2.000 bc 1.000 b 1.000 b 3.667 b 0.000 2.000 bc T 3 =Bishkatali(1:1) 81.28 10.668 1.667 bc 1.667 bcd 0.000 c 3.333 b 0.000 c 0.667 bc 2.667 bc 0.000 0.667 d T 2 = Neem(1:1) 88.89 6.334 0.667 c 1.333 bcd 0.000 c 1.000 c 0.333 c 0.667 bc 1.667 c 0.000 0.667 d T 1 = Garlic (1:1) 56.996 5.000 a 4.667 a 4.000 a 9.333 a 6.333 a 5.333 a 12.33 a 0.000 10.00 a T 0 = Control Reduction (%) Total (%) Penicillium sp. Aspergillus flavus Nigrospora oryzae Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium moniliforme Curvularia lunata Bipolaris oryzae Aspergillus niger Alternaria padwickii Treatment

22. Plate- 4. Effect of different plant extracts on Joya seeds Control Garlic1:1 Garlic 1:2 Neem 1:1 Neem 1:2 Allamanda 1:1 Allamanda 1:2 Chirata 1:1 Chirata 1:2 Bishkatali 1:1 Bishkatali 1:2

25. THANKS TO ALL