2. Definition
At least two of the following:
- Less than three bowel motions/week.
- Need in more than 25% of occasions to:
- To strain.
- To manually evacuate
- Passage of hard stool
- Sense of incomplete evacuation
3. Definition(cont.)
- These symptoms need to be chronic.
- All other aetiological causes of
constipation must be excluded
specially the organic causes.
4. Aetiology of constipation I
Dietary
Endocrine / Metabolic
Neurological
Psychogenic
Drugs & poisons
General causes
19. Functional Constipation
Consider it when
–All other causes are excluded
–Colon looks normal on barium
enema and colonoscopy
–Rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR)
is preserved
–Colon is ganglionic
24. Initial Management
No Apparent Cause
Dietary manipulation
–Increase fluid intake
–Increase fiber in diet or by laxative
Regular exercise
Advise Never to :
–Strain
–Suppress desire
–Use stimulant laxatives
Can use supposit., lactulose, bulk
forming laxatives
30. Categorization of
Functional Constipation
Anorectal physiology testing
normal transit, abnormal PFT = PF dysfunction
abnormal transit, normal PFT = slow transit constip.
abnormal transit,abnormal PFT = slow transit &PF dysf.
normal transit,normal PFT = IBS
31. Intervention in functional
constipation should be
considered only when medical
treatment consistently failed to
help the patient, constipation is
most intractable and the
patient is thoroughly
investigated
Three sets of radioopaque marker 24 hours interval
Assessment of evacuation after 120 hours 5 days
Max resting pr 40-80 mmh and max sques 80-160 interna sphinter responcible for 85%of resting
of resting and 100% of max squeeze presspres and external for 15%
Spincter is 3 cm ans asymetrical being longer posterirrly
Ballon expulsion test it assess abiltity of to relax the pelvic floor to aschieve defecation if pt can expel a fully inflated 60ml latex ballon
Pudendal nerve latency evauate nerve status the interval between stimulating the nerve on the ischial spine and the contraction of trhe ext sph92+- 2 second