WhatsApp and facebook usage differences amongst genders project report

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1. Introduction
1.1 Social Media
Social media is the collection of online communication channel to help the community to be
connected. It is based on the content social sharing, networking, communication, microblogging
are the part of social media.
"Social media has been broadly defined to refer to 'the many relatively inexpensive and widely
accessible electronic tools that enable anyone to publish and access information, collaborate on a
common effort, or build relationships.'"
There are many effects that stem from Internet usage. According to Nielsen, Internet users continue
to spend more time with social media sites than any other type of site. At the same time, the total
time spent on social media in the U.S. across PC and mobile devices increased by 99 percent to
121 billion minutes in July 2012 compared to 66 billion minutes in July 2011(2)
In recent years Social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook and MySpace have become
primary social places for young adults. Social networks have become a global phenomenon and
attracted extensive population from all around the world in different ages, cultures, education
levels, etc. Despite the fact that Facebook was launched in 2004as a Harvard-only Social Network
site, it expanded to include other high school students, professional’s inside corporate networks,
and eventually everyone who have access to the online world (Cassidy, 2006).
Facebook, Myspace, YouTube, Flickr, and LinkedIn are the most commonly known social
network sites containing similar as well as different features.

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1.2 Facebook
It is one of the popular free social networking site that allow registered users to create profile, share
videos, images and exchange of information with family and friends. This social site has 37
different languages, including public features such as Market place, group, event, pages and real
time communication.
It was started in 4th
February 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with his roommates. This headquarter is
in Menlo Park California, United States. Facebook is defined as “a social utility that helps people
share information and communicate more efficiently with their friends, family and coworkers”
(facebook.com).
Facebook provides an opportunity to users, to create personalized profiles that include general
information like education background, work background, and favorite interests and also to add
links and song clips of their favorite bands, post messages on friends' pages, and post and tag
pictures and videos, among other things (Rosmarin, 2007;Zywica &Danowski, 2008).
1.3 Timeline: Key dates in Facebook's 10-year history
February 2004: Mark Zuckerberg starts Facebook as a sophomore at Harvard University.
March 2004: Facebook begins allowing people from other colleges and universities to join.
June 2004: Facebook moves its headquarters to Palo Alto, California.
September 2004: Facebook introduces the Wall, which allows people to write personal musings
and other tidbits on profile pages. Facebook becomes the target of a lawsuit claiming that
Zuckerberg stole the idea for the social network from a company co-founded by twins Cameron
and Tyler Winkle Voss and a third person at Harvard.
September 2005: Facebook expands to include high schools.

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May 2006: Facebook introduces additional networks, allowing people with corporate email
addresses to join.
September 2006: Facebook begins letting anyone over 13 join. It also introduces News Feed,
which collects friends' Wall posts in one place. Although it leads to complaints about privacy,
News Feed would become one of Facebook's most popular features.
May 2007: Facebook launches Platform, a system for letting outside programmers develop tools
for sharing photos, taking quizzes and playing games. The system gives rise to a Facebook
economy and allows companies such as game maker Zynga Inc. to thrive.
October 2007: Facebook agrees to sell a 1.6 percent stake to Microsoft for $240 million and forges
an advertising partnership.
November 2007: Facebook unveils its Beacon program, a feature that broadcasts people's
activities on dozens of outside sites. Yet another privacy backlash leads Facebook to give people
more control over Beacon, before the company ultimately scraps it as part of a legal settlement.
March 2008: Facebook hires Sheryl Sandberg as chief operating officer, snatching the savvy,
high-profile executive from Google Inc.
February 2009: Facebook introduces Like, allowing people to endorse other people's posts.
June 2009: Facebook surpasses News Corp.'s Myspace as the leading online social network in the
U.S.
August 2010: Facebook launches location feature, allowing people to share where they are with
their friends.
October 2010: "The Social Network," a movie about Zuckerberg and the legal battles over
Facebook's founding, is released. It receives eight Academy Awards nominations and wins three.

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June 2011: Google launches rival social network called Plus. The Winklevoss twins end their legal
battle over the idea behind Facebook. They had settled with Facebook for $65 million in 2008, but
later sought more money.
September 2011: Facebook introduces Timeline, a new version of the profile page. It's meant to
show highlights from a person's entire life rather than recent posts.
November 2011: Facebook agrees to settle federal charges that it violated users' privacy by getting
people to share more information than they agreed to when they signed up to the site. As part of a
settlement, Facebook agrees to allow independent auditors to review its privacy practices for two
years. It also agrees to get approval from users before changing how the company handles their
data.
December 2011: Facebook completes a move to Menlo Park, California.. Its address is 1 Hacker
Way.
February 2012: Facebook files for an initial public offering of stock. A few weeks later, it unveils
new advertising opportunities for brands, allowing ads to mix in with Facebook status updates and
photos.
April 2012: Facebook announces plans to buy Instagram, a photo-sharing social network, for $1
billion in cash and stock. It also discloses it plans to list its stock on the Nasdaq under the ticker
symbol "FB."
May 2012: Facebook sets a price range of $28 to $35 for its IPO, then increases it to $34 to $38.
On May 17, Facebook prices its IPO at $38 per share, and the stock begins trading the next day.
The following week, the stock price starts dropping amid concerns about Facebook's ability to
keep growing revenue and sell ads on mobile devices.

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August 2012: Facebook updates its app for iPhones and iPads to make it less clunky. The U.S.
government clears Facebook's Instagram deal.
September 2012: Facebook closes its purchase of Instagram. With Facebook's stock price lower,
the deal is now valued at about $740 million.
December 2012: Facebook rolls out a messaging app called Poke to lukewarm reviews.
January 2013: Facebook unveils a search feature that lets users quickly sift through their social
connections for information about people, interests, photos and places.
April 2013: Facebook unveils a new experience for Android phones. The idea behind the new
Home service is to bring Facebook's content to the phone's home screen, rather than require users
to check apps on the device. It's a flop.
February 2014: Facebook launches a news app called Paper with plans for more applications
outside of its own.
1.4 WhatsApp
Mobile applications have been rising popularity due to the advances in mobile technologies and
the large increase in the number of mobile users. There are several app distribution platforms,
which gives a new way for developing, downloading, and updating software applications in
modern mobile devices, have recently developed.
They are function by the owner of the mobile operating system, such as the Apple App Store,
Google Play, Windows Phone Store, and BlackBerry App World.
WhatsApp Inc. is exclusive, cross-platform instant messaging service for smartphones. In addition
to text messaging users can send images, voice, videos and recently added documents. It is
available to all the operating system. WhatsApp Inc. was founded in 2009 by Americans Brian

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Acton and Jan Koum (also the CEO), both are the former employees of Yahoo!, and is based in
Mountain View, California.
Where people wanted staying in touch with their family and friends for as low a price as possible,
WhatsApp distant the price part from it. It seems this application builder leveraged on the rising
population of ‘Short message service (SMS)’ users.
On February 19, 2014, Facebook broadcasted it would be purchasing WhatsApp for US$19
billion. It will pay $4 billion in cash, $12 billion in Facebook shares and an additional $3 billion
in controlled stock units to be granted to WhatsApp's founders, Jan Koum, Brian Acton, and
employees that will vest over four years later to closing.
1.5 Milestones
 WhatsApp released for Symbian OS and Android OS in 2010.
 In September 2011, WhatsApp released a new version of the Messenger for iPhones having
closed the security holes.
 It released for Windows Phones and Blackberry 10 in 2013.
 In 2014, they released a version for smart watches running Android OS.
 In January 2015, WhatsApp added a call feature to target a totally different group of users.
Before these two popular apps there was other networking sites which was popular before
Facebook and WhatsApp.

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First came ICQ, a product from Israeli company Mirabilis, which launched in 1996. ICQ was
acquired by AOL in 1998, but despite being the first and oldest still operating, its user base never
grew above the 50 million mark, according to the infographic.
Microsoft’s MSN messenger launched in 1999, and grew to more than 200 million by 2006, when
it was rebranded as Windows Live messenger. Between 2003 and 2009, several big players —
Google Talk, Skype and WhatsApp — all launched, and are still standing today. Apart from these
there was E-buddy, mig33 popular in their time before WhatsApp and Facebook messenger
overtook them.
Since AOL acquired ICQ in 1998, the instant messenger market has been dominated by mergers
and acquisitions. Skype only traded for two years before it was acquired by eBay for $2.5 billion.
In fact, Skype changed hands several times, before being acquired by Microsoft in 2010.
As more users went online and found free and instant communication tools, they began to take
business away from traditional phone companies. WhatsApp alone cost phone companies $3.25
billion in lost text messaging fees in 2013.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

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2. Literature Review
Social media has become a growing phenomenon with many and varied definitions in public use.
Any activities where humans share stories and influence others can be considered social
networking Nicholson, (2011). Social networking or media is a great forum for discussing mutual
topics of interest, and perhaps even meeting or renewing acquaintances with other humans
virtually. According to Greenwald (2009) and Deloitte (2009), 55% of employees visit a social
media site at least once a week.
Social media can be defined as forms of electronic communication through which users interact
among people in which they create, freely share, exchange and discuss information, ideas, personal
messages, and other content about each other and their lives using a multimedia mix of personal
words, pictures, videos and audio, utilizing online platforms while they are connected to the
Internet, Cox & Rethman, (2011).
Since their appearance, social media have changed different aspects of people’s lives. Social media
that were emerged by the rise of Web 2.0 technologies are characterized by several significant
features such as user generated content, online identity creation and relational networking, Margo,
(2012).
Social media are also defined as “a group of Internet-based applications that build on the
ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and exchange of
user generated content”, Kaplan & Heanlein, (2010, p.61)
According to Olanof, Drew (2012), highlighted the fact that competing with a number of Asian-
based messaging services (like LINE, KakaoTalk, WeChat), WhatsApp handled ten billion
messages per day in August 2012, growing from two billion in April 2012. According to The

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Financial Time – London‘(2013), WhatsApp has done with SMS on mobile phones as what Skype
did to international calling to landlines. According to Olanof, Drew (2012) indicated that
WhatsApp is a frequent case study of networks that grows on top of the phone book and messaging
apps have gained rapid traction by using the native phone book network to grow rapidly. According
to Jon Resell (2013) WhatsApp was first launched in 2009, the service has a simple design that
makes it easy for even the least tech-savvy folk to use. According to Jan Koum (2013), WhatsApp
has requested that 400 million active users use the service each month.
2.1 Research Objectives
 To study the gender difference that exits in the usage pf WhatsApp and Facebook
 To understand the preferences among male and female individuals with regards to
WhatsApp and Facebook.
 To identify and assess various factors which influence the usage of WhatsApp and
Facebook by male and female individuals

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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

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3. Research Methodology
Area of Study Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
Sampling Method Simple Random Techniques
Data collection Technique Questionnaire
Category of Respondents WhatsApp and Facebook use
Statistical Tool Factor Analysis, Cross tabulation, Chi-Square
Graphical Analysis
The study is based mostly on restoring the primary data collected through the method random
sampling. The location selected for the study is Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. The
questionnaire (Close ended) is been used an instrument . We administered to 205 respondents.
Our thrust was to determine the “WhatsApp and Facebook usage differences amongst genders. We
prepare set of 13 questions and 10 statements reflecting various usage difference of these
messengers. The respondents were requested to rank the statements on a 5-point Likert scale basis
(from strongly disagree to strongly agree).
Factor analysis was done to identify the factors of behind the use of WhatsApp and Facebook
messenger’s usage difference between male and female. We imported the data on SPSS to analyze
the same for the study.

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CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

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4. Demographic Analysis
Out of 205 respondents, 136 are males and 69 are females. Qualification status of the
respondents shows that 159 respondents are students, 38 respondents are professionals, 6
are business and 2 are homemaker. Apart from this, the category of respondents which we
found are as : Around 82% uses phone for Social ,messaging app, 15% use smart phone
for voice call and 1 % for SMS and Email purpose.
Table 1: Characteristics of
Respondents:- N=205
No. Of Respondents
Gender:
Male 136
Female 69
Qualification :
Students 159
Professionals 38
Business 6
Home Make 2
Age :
Above 15 Years 3
16-25 years 193
26-35 years 9
36-45 years 0

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4.1 Frequency Table
4.1.1 Gender
Frequency Percent
Valid Male 136 66.3
Female 69 33.7
Total 205 100.0
Gender (a)

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4.1.2 Age
Frequency Percent
V
a
l
i
d
Below 15 years 3 1.5
16-25 years 193 94.1
26-35 years 9 4.4
Total 205 100.0
Age (b)

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4.1.3 Occupation
Frequency Percent
Valid Students 159 77.6
Professional 38 18.5
Business 6 2.9
Home Maker 2 1.0
Total 205 100.0
Occupation (c)

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4.1.4 Factor Analysis
4.1.4. (a) KMO measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s test of
sphericity:-
KMO measure of sampling adequacy is an index used to test appropriateness adequacy of the
factor analysis .The minimum required KMO is 0.5. Table 1 shows that the index for this data is
0.776 and chi-square statistics is significant (0.000 < 0.05).This means the principal component
analysis is appropriate for this data.
Bartlett‟s test of sphericity is used to ensure that the variables are uncorrelated in the population.
High correlation is required among the variables for the application of factor analysis .Therefore,
we test for the null hypothesis that the population correlation matrix is an identity matrix (I.e. each
variable correlates perfectly with itself, but is uncorrelated with the other variables). Table 1
Table-1 KMO and Bartlett’s Test:-
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. 0.776
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 496.952
df 45
Sig. 0.000
According to Kaiser Criterion, only the first four factors should be used because subsequent
Eigen values are less than one.

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The output in Table 2 gives the variance explained by the initial solution .This table gives the total
variance contributed by each component .We may note that the percentage of total variance
contributed by the first component is 34.553, by second component is 13.547 and by the third
component is 10.588.It may be noted that the percentage of total variances is the highest for the
first factor and it decreases thereafter. It is also clear from this table that there are total three distinct
factors for the given set of variables.
4.1.4. (b)Table 2:-Total Variance Explained
Total Variance Explained
Component
Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings
Total
% of
Variance
Cumulative
% Total
% of
Variance
Cumulative
% Total
% of
Variance
Cumulative
%
1 3.455 34.553 34.553 3.455 34.553 34.553 1.991 19.911 19.911
2 1.355 13.547 48.101 1.355 13.547 48.101 1.972 19.719 39.630
3 1.059 10.588 58.688 1.059 10.588 58.688 1.654 16.538 56.168
4 1.024 10.237 68.926 1.024 10.237 68.926 1.276 12.757 68.926
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

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4.1.4(c) Scree Test
Figure 1 shows Scree plot. It gives the number of factors against the Eigen values, and helps to
determine the optimal number of factors .The factors having the steep slope indicate that larger
percentage of total variance is explained by that factor. The shallow slope indicates that the
contribution to total variance is less. In the above plot, the first three factors have steep slope and
later on the slope is shallow. It may be noted from the above plot that the number of factors for
Eigen value greater than one are three.
Figure 1 Scree Test:-

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4.1.4 (d) Rotated Component Matrix:
Table 3 is the most important table for interpretation .The maximum of each row (ignoring sign)
indicates that the respective variable belongs to the respective component. The variables „Forward
pictures, Forward videos‟ are highly correlated and contributed to a single component. „Business
and Marketing with Educational purpose and‟ contributes to second component. And
„Confidential information, Family and friends and leisure time contributes to third factor
respectively.
Table 4 Rotated Component Matrix
(Table 3) Rotated Component Matrixa
Components
1 2 3 4
Leisure Time .157 .572 .101 .452
Business and Marketing .111 .149 .830 .028
Family and Friends -.017 .706 .377 -.066
Educational Purpose .131 .298 .701 .027
Advertisement .661 -.241 .484 .178
Forward picture .843 .210 .120 .035
Texting .374 .695 .014 -.274
Forward videos .777 .269 .038 .164
Confidential Information .132 -.026 .006 .893
Always Connected .164 .613 .267 .364
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.a
a. Rotation converged in 8 iterations.

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Statements Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4
Advertisements 0.661
Forward pictures 0.843
Forward videos 0.777
Leisure 0.572
Family and Friends 0.706
Texting 0.695
Always Connected 0.613
Business and Marketing 0.830
Educational Purpose 0.701
Confidential Information 0.893
4.1.4(e) Chi Square Analysis
Based on the factors identified from factor analysis the Chi square will be imposed as below
I. Business and Marketing vs Gender
II. Forward picture vs Gender
III. Forward Videos vs Gender
IV. Confidential Information vs Gender

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(Table 5 )Business and Marketing Vs Gender)
4.1.4 (f) Business and Marketing Vs Gender
The chi square test revealed that the significant association between type of respondent and with
Business and Marketing with respect to gender .From the chi square output table 5 , we see that a
significance level of 0.194 (Pearson’s) has been achieved .This means that the chi-square test is
showing a significant association between the above two variables at 98.06 % confidence level
(100-1.94).Thus, we conclude that at 90% confidence level, Dependent variable and independent
variable are associated significantly with each other whereas this is not significant at the 95%
confidence level is high.
Chi-Square Tests Business and Marketing
Value df
Asymptotic Significance
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 6.072a
4 .194
N of Valid Cases 205
a. 2 cells (20.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.68.

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4.1.4 (g) Forward Pictures Vs Gender
Table 6
Chi-Square Tests Forward Pictures
Value df
Asymptotic
Significance (2-sided)
4 .513
The chi square test revealed that the significant association between type of respondent and
Forward Pictures with respect to gender .From the chi square output table 6 , we see that a
significance level of 0.513 (Pearson’s) has been achieved .This means that the chi-square test is
confidence level is low.

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4.1.4 (h) Forward Videos Vs Gender
Table 7
Chi-Square Tests Forward Videos
Value df
Asymptotic Significance (2-
sided)
4 .791
The chi square test revealed that the significant association between types of respondent and
forward videos with respect to gender. From the chi square output table 7 we see that a significance
level of 0.791 (Pearson’s) has been achieved .This means that the chi-square test is showing a
significant association between the above two variables at 92.09 % confidence level (100-
7.91).Thus, we conclude that at 90% confidence level, Dependent variable and independent
confidence level is low.

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4.1.4 (i) Confidential Information Vs Gender
Table 8
Chi-Square Tests Confidential Information
Value df
Asymptotic Significance (2-
sided)
4 .341
The chi square test revealed that the significant association between type of respondent and
Confidential information with respect to gender .From the chi square output table 8 , we see that
a significance level of 0.341 (Pearson’s) has been achieved .This means that the chi-square test is
confidence level which is high.

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4.1.4 (j) Cross tabulation
8.1 Business Marketing
Table 9 Business Marketing
Gender
TotalMale Female
Business Marketing SDA Count 5 0 5
Expected Count 3.3 1.7 5.0
% within Gender 3.7% 0.0% 2.4%
% of Total 2.4% 0.0% 2.4%
DA Count 13 9 22
% within Gender 9.6% 13.0% 10.7%
% of Total 6.3% 4.4% 10.7%
N Count 40 13 53
% within Gender 29.4% 18.8% 25.9%
% of Total 19.5% 6.3% 25.9%
A Count 46 26 72
% within Gender 33.8% 37.7% 35.1%
% of Total 22.4% 12.7% 35.1%
SA Count 32 21 53
% within Gender 23.5% 30.4% 25.9%
% of Total 15.6% 10.2% 25.9%
Total Count 136 69 205
% within Gender 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 66.3% 33.7% 100.0%

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4.1.4 (k) Educational Purpose
Table 10 Educational Purpose
Gender
TotalMale Female
Educational Purpose SDA Count 9 2 11
% of Total 4.4% 1.0% 5.4%
DA Count 11 4 15
% of Total 5.4% 2.0% 7.3%
N Count 32 10 42
% within Gender 23.5% 14.5% 20.5%
% of Total 15.6% 4.9% 20.5%
A Count 51 30 81
% within Gender 37.5% 43.5% 39.5%
% of Total 24.9% 14.6% 39.5%
SA Count 33 23 56
% within Gender 24.3% 33.3% 27.3%
% of Total 16.1% 11.2% 27.3%
% within Gender 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 66.3% 33.7% 100.0%

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4.1.4 (l) Forward picture
Table 11 Forward Picture
Gender
TotalMale Female
Forward picture SDA Count 5 5 10
% of Total 2.4% 2.4% 4.9%
DA Count 21 9 30
% within Gender 15.4% 13.0% 14.6%
% of Total 10.2% 4.4% 14.6%
N Count 43 21 64
% within Gender 31.6% 30.4% 31.2%
% of Total 21.0% 10.2% 31.2%
A Count 40 25 65
% within Gender 29.4% 36.2% 31.7%
% of Total 19.5% 12.2% 31.7%
SA Count 27 9 36
% within Gender 19.9% 13.0% 17.6%
% of Total 13.2% 4.4% 17.6%
% within Gender 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 66.3% 33.7% 100.0%

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4.1.4 (m) Forward Videos
Table 12 Forward Videos
Gender
TotalMale Female
Forward videos SDA Count 7 4 11
% of Total 3.4% 2.0% 5.4%
DA Count 20 13 33
% within Gender 14.7% 18.8% 16.1%
% of Total 9.8% 6.3% 16.1%
N Count 35 21 56
% within Gender 25.7% 30.4% 27.3%
% of Total 17.1% 10.2% 27.3%
A Count 52 22 74
% within Gender 38.2% 31.9% 36.1%
% of Total 25.4% 10.7% 36.1%
SA Count 22 9 31
% within Gender 16.2% 13.0% 15.1%
% of Total 10.7% 4.4% 15.1%
% within Gender 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 66.3% 33.7% 100.0%

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4.1.4 (n) Confidential Information
Table 13 Confidential Information
Gender
TotalMale Female
Confidential
Information
SDA Count 4 6 10
% of Total 2.0% 2.9% 4.9%
DA Count 20 7 27
% within Gender 14.7% 10.1% 13.2%
% of Total 9.8% 3.4% 13.2%
N Count 31 18 49
% within Gender 22.8% 26.1% 23.9%
% of Total 15.1% 8.8% 23.9%
A Count 45 19 64
% within Gender 33.1% 27.5% 31.2%
% of Total 22.0% 9.3% 31.2%
SA Count 36 19 55
% within Gender 26.5% 27.5% 26.8%
% of Total 17.6% 9.3% 26.8%
% within Gender 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 66.3% 33.7% 100.0%

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4.1.4 (o) Business and Marketing
After the survey, the output of cross tabulation (Table 1) depicts that out of the total 205
respondents, 136 respondents (66%) are Male, and 69 respondents (34%) are Female. On the other
side, 159 respondents (78%), are students and 38 respondents are Professionals (19%) 6 Business
respondents (3%) and Homemaker 2 respondents (1%).
15.6% Male Respondent and 10.2% female respondent “Strongly Agree” that they use WhatsApp
and Facebook messenger for business purpose, 22.4% Male Respondents and 12.7 % female
respondents they “Agree” upon the use of WhatsApp and Facebook during their Business and
marketing purpose while 6.3% male respondent and 4.4 % female respondents “disagree” with the
statement and 2.4% male respondent 0% females says that they “strongly disagree” with the
statement.
4.1.4 (p)Educational Purpose
16.1% Male Respondent and 11.2% female respondent “Strongly agree” that they use WhatsApp
and Facebook messenger for educational purpose, 24.9% Male Respondents and 14.6% female
respondents they “Agree” upon the use of WhatsApp and Facebook messenger for educational
purpose while 5.4% male respondent and 2 % female respondents “disagree” with the statement
and 4.4% male respondent 1% females says that they “strongly disagree” with the statement.

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4.1.4 (q) Forward Picture
and Facebook messenger for exchange of pictures through these messengers, 19.5% Male
Respondents and 19.5% female respondents they “Agree” upon the use of WhatsApp and
Facebook messenger for transfer of picture’s purpose while 10.2% male respondent and 4.4 %
female respondents “disagree” with the statement and 2.4% male respondent 2.4% females says
that they “strongly disagree” with the statement.
4.1.4 (r) Forward Videos
and Facebook messenger for exchange of videos through these messengers, 25.5% Male
Facebook messenger for transfer of videos purpose while 9.8% male respondent and 6.3 % female
respondents “disagree” with the statement and 3.4% male respondent 2% females says that they
“strongly disagree” with the statement.

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4.1.4 (s) Confidential Information
17.6% Male Respondent and 9.3% female respondent “Strongly Agree” that they never send
confidential data from WhatsApp and Facebook messengers, 22% Male Respondents and 9.3%
female respondents they “Agree” upon that while 9.8% male respondent and 3.4 % female
respondents “disagree” with the statement and 2% male respondent 2.9% females says that they
Factor 1: Promotion
It is one of the most important factor, statements such as „Advertisements is used more used for
promotion the goods by WhatsApp and Facebook messengers (0.661)‟, „Forward pictures
increases the use for both the messengers (0.843)‟, „forward videos is convenient for sharing the
videos (0.777)‟,. This factor signifies that the both these messenger are mostly used for
promotional events and help them to promote easily which in turn reduce the cost of promotion.
Factor 2: Connection
This is second significant factor comprises of statements,‟ Leisure time” most of the people use
these messenger on their free time to connect with others (0.572),‟ „Family and friends has the
highest rating on this factor(0.706),‟ „for these messenger are used mostly for texting purpose
(0.695),‟ and „the last component is ‘Always connected”(0.613)‟.This factor indicates usage of
messengers for getting connected with others.
Factor 3: Business
Two factors are been loaded on to this factor. The factor „Business and Marketing‟ is the third
significant factor. The statement - “use of these messengers for the business and marketing
(0.830)”, and “for the educational purpose (0.701)” also used for the purpose of the study.

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Factor 4: Security
This factor comprises of one factor, „Confidential information (0.893). This implies that the
people don’t like to share the confidential information via these messengers.
4.1.5 Crosstab of Respondent type versus WhatsApp usage.
Table 14
WhatsApp use on Active Basis –Cross tabulation
Gender
TotalMale Female
WhatsApp on Active Basis NOT ALWAYS CONNECTED 48 27 75
SOMETIMES 74 37 111
MOST OF THE TIME 10 4 14
ALWAYS CDONNECTED 4 1 5
Total 136 69 205
As per the hypothesis is concerned, with reference to the type of respondent. After the survey, the
output of cross tabulation depicts that out of the total 205 respondents, 136 respondents (66%) are
Male, and 69 respondents (34%) are Female. On the other side, 159 respondents (78%), are
students and 38 respondents are Professionals (19%) 6 Business respondents (3%) and
Homemaker 2 respondents (1%).
48 Male Respondent (64 %) and 27 female respondent (36%) says that they are not at all use
WhatsApp on an active basis, whereas 74 Male Respondents and 34 female respondents they
Sometimes use WhatsApp on active basis and 10 male respondent and 4 female respondent are
most of the time use WhatsApp on active basis and 4 males and 1 females says always connected

36 | P a g e
Table 15
As per the hypothesis is concerned, with reference to the type of respondent. After the survey, the
output of cross tabulation depicts that out of the total 205 respondents, 136 respondents (66%) are
Male, and 69 respondents (34%) are Female. On the other side, 159 respondents (78%), are
students and 38 respondents are Professionals (19%) 6 Business respondents (3%) and
Homemaker 2 respondents (1%).
21 Male Respondent (64 %) and 10 female respondent (36%) agrees to that they are not at all use
Facebook messenger on an active basis, whereas 37 Male Respondents and 16 female respondents
they Sometimes use Facebook messenger on active basis and 73 male respondent and 30 female
respondent are most of the time use WhatsApp on active basis and 5 males and 13 females says
that they are always connected on an active basis.
Facebook on active basis – Cross tabulation
Gender
TotalMale Female
Facebook use on active basis NOT ALWAYS CONNECTED 21 10 31
SOMETIMES 37 16 53
MOST OF THE TIME 73 30 103
ALWAYS CONNECTED 5 13 18
Total 136 69 205

37 | P a g e
CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS

38 | P a g e
5.1FINDINGS
5.1.1 Promotion
It is one of the most important factor, statements such as “Advertisements is used more used for
promotion the goods by WhatsApp and Facebook messengers (0.661)” Forward pictures increases
the use for both the messengers (0.843) “forward videos is convenient for sharing the videos
(0.777)” This factor signifies that the both these messenger are mostly used for promotional events
and help them to promote easily which in turn reduce the cost of promotion.
5.1.2 Connection
This is second significant factor comprises of statements‟ Leisure time” most of the people use
these messenger on their free time to connect with others (0.572)‟family and friends has the
highest rating on this factor(0.706)” for these messenger are used mostly for “ texting purpose
(0.695)” and „the last component is “Always connected”(0.613).This factor indicates usage of
messengers for getting connected with others.
5.1.3 Business
Two factors are been loaded on to this factor. The factor “Business and Marketing” is the third
significant factor. The statement –„use of these messengers for the business and marketing
(0.830)” and for the “educational purpose (0.701)” also used for the purpose of the study.
5.1.4 Security
This factor comprises of one factor “Confidential information (0.893)”. This implies that the
people don’t like to share the confidential information via these messengers.

39 | P a g e
5.1.5 Business and Marketing
15.6% Male Respondent and 10.2% female respondent “Strongly Agree” that they use WhatsApp
and Facebook messenger for business purpose, 22.4% Male Respondents and 12.7 % female
respondents they “Agree” upon the use of WhatsApp and Facebook during their Business and
marketing purpose while 6.3% male respondent and 4.4 % female respondents “disagree” with the
statement and 2.4% male respondent 0% females says that they “strongly disagree” with the
statement.
5.1.6 Educational Purpose
and Facebook messenger for educational purpose, 24.9% Male Respondents and 14.6% female
respondents they “Agree” upon the use of WhatsApp and Facebook messenger for educational
purpose while 5.4% male respondent and 2 % female respondents “disagree” with the statement
and 4.4% male respondent 1% females says that they “strongly disagree” with the statement.
5.1.7 Forward Pictures
and Facebook messenger for exchange of pictures through these messengers, 19.5% Male
Facebook messenger for transfer of picture’s purpose while 10.2% male respondent and 4.4 %
female respondents “disagree” with the statement and 2.4% male respondent 2.4% females says
that they “strongly disagree” with the statement.
5.1.8 Forward Videos
and Facebook messenger for exchange of videos through these messengers, 25.5% Male
Facebook messenger for transfer of videos purpose while 9.8% male respondent and 6.3 % female
respondents “disagree” with the statement and 3.4% male respondent 2% females says that they

40 | P a g e
5.1.9 Confidential Information
17.6% Male Respondent and 9.3% female respondent “Strongly Agree” that they never send
confidential data from WhatsApp and Facebook messengers, 22% Male Respondents and 9.3%
female respondents they “Agree” upon that while 9.8% male respondent and 3.4 % female
respondents “disagree” with the statement and 2% male respondent 2.9% females says that they

41 | P a g e
CHAPTER-6
CONCLUSION

42 | P a g e
6. CONCLUSION
From the study it can be concluded that the preferences among male is more with respect to
Facebook and WhatsApp messenger and males are dominant users of WhatsApp compare to
female users. The Facebook messenger is less likely to be used because of the speed of the internet
connection outside and comparatively less used by males compared to females. But females prefer
Facebook messenger because you don’t have to provide the confidential data. In conclusion,
WhatsApp is a popular destination for students also to engage in their everyday online social
activities and thereby strengthen their existing social networks for the purpose of chatting and
educational purpose.
From the study it was understood that these factors plays a major role in usage of these messengers
these factors are
Forward pictures which has the highest rotated component matrix use by both the genders in
both the messengers that is WhatsApp and Facebook messenger.
Business and Marketing which has second highest component matrix which is use for the
business or promoting purpose by both the genders.
Forward videos which is equally important in sending the videos by both the messengers and
genders.
Confidential Information is highly important by both the genders for sharing with both the
messengers
In general, it also can be concluded that WhatsApp group messenger is used by the business
purpose and facebook messenger group is used for the family and friends.

43 | P a g e
7 References
7.1 Bibliography
 April 11, 2012, from BlackBerry App World: WhatsApp. (2010). BlackBerry App World.
R http://appworld.blackberry.com/webstore/content/2360
 Churchill, D. (2009). Educational applications of Web 2.0: using blogs to support teaching
and learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(1), 179-183.
 Cassidy, J. (2006). Me media: how hanging out on the internet became big business. The
NewYorker,82(13),50,http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/05/15/060515fa_fact_ca
ssidy
 Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! the challenges and
opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-
68.doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
 Murthy, Dhiraj (2013). Twitter: Social Communication in the Twitter Age. Cambridge:
Polity. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-0-7456-6510-8.
 Nicholson, S. (2011). Infographics: The history of online social networking,
http://socialmediatoday.com/socmedsean/286629/infographic-history-online-social-
networking, April 17
 Olanof, Drew, 2012, WhatsApp hits new record with 10 billion total messages in one day,
The Next Web,
 Parmy Olson, 2013, Teenagers say goodbye to Facebook and hello to messenger apps, The
Guardian,
 "State of the media: The social media report 2012". Featured Insights, Global, Media +
Entertainment. Nielsen.
 Zywica, J.& Danowski, J. (2008). The faces of Facebookers: Investigating social
enhancement and social compensation hypotheses; predicting Facebook and offline
popularity from sociability and self-esteem, and mapping the meanings of popularity with
semantic networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 1–34.

44 | P a g e
7.2 Webliography
 http://adweek.com/socialtimes/rise-fall-instant-messengers-infographic/207479
 http://phys.org/news/2014-02-timeline-key-dates-facebook-year.html#jCp
 http://successstory.com/products/whatsapp
7.3 Appendix

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