Intravascular Contrast Media Garringer and Aliison Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar

1. 2
Intravascular Contrast Media
for Radiography, CT,
MRI and Ultrasound
DR. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
PGR-FCPS III SIMS/SHL
GRAINGER & ALLISON’S DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY

2. • FIGURE 2-1 ■ Osmolality (mosmol/kg) of the
various iodinebased contrast agents at a
concentration around 300 mgI/mL.

3. • FIGURE 2-2 ■ Viscosity (mPa.s) of the various
iodine-based contrast agents at a
concentration around 300 mgI/mL and at
37°C.

4. • FIGURE 2-3 ■ Ionic high-osmolar iodine-
based contrast media, also called HOCM or
ratio 1.5 agents.

5. • FIGURE 2-4 ■ Ionic low-osmolar iodine-based
contrast medium.

6. • FIGURE 2-5 ■ Non-ionic low-osmolar contrast
media, also called LOCM or ratio 3.0 agents.

7. • FIGURE 2-5 ■ Non-ionic low-osmolar contrast
media, also called LOCM or ratio 3.0 agents.

8. • FIGURE 2-5 ■ Non-ionic low-osmolar contrast
media, also called LOCM or ratio 3.0 agents.

9. • FIGURE 2-6 ■ Non-ionic iso-osmolar contrast
agents, also called IOCM or ratio 6.0 agents.

10. • FIGURE 2-7 ■ Normal CT urography. (A) Unenhanced image
of the posterior part of the abdomen. (B) 10 and 2 minutes
after contrast medium administration. Some areas of the
soft tissue have changed colour due to the iodine-based
contrast media. The contrast media is filtered in the kidney,
causing significant opacification of the urinary tract due to
the higher concentration in urine than in blood.

11. • FIGURE 2-8 ■ T1-weighted images of the
brain showing a lymphoma with and without
gadolinium-based contrast medium.

12. • FIGURE 2-9 ■ Chemistry of the various
commercially available gadolinium-based
contrast media.

13. • FIGURE 2-9 ■ Chemistry of the various
commercially available gadolinium-based
contrast media.

14. • FIGURE 2-10 ■ Osmolality of the various
gadolinium-based contrast media at the
concentrations (mmol/mL) at which they are
marketed.

15. • FIGURE 2-11 ■ Relaxivity (r1, mM−1 s−1) of
the various gadoliniumbased contrast media
in plasma in 1.5 T and 3 T (37°C).

16. • FIGURE 2-12 ■ (A, B) MRI of the upper
abdomen before and after administration of
manganese. Only the signal from the liver is
increased.

17. • FIGURE 2-13 ■ Ultrasound image of a kidney
with contrast medium showing absence of
perfusion in the upper pole.