fundamentals of electrical engineering on voltage sources current sources ideal sources

1. SWAYAM
APPLIATION NO./ ROLL.NO
A5779c66e59611e98974d95f3e0d8b9f
NAME : SHAIK MUQTHIAR ALI
COURSE :ACADEMIC WRITING
E-MAIL ID :SHAIKMUQ@GMAIL.COM
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2. 2
Voltage and Current Sources
Circuit Symbols
Vbattery
12 V
Isource
1 A
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3. 3
“IDEAL” or “Independent” Sources
• IDEAL voltage source
– maintains the
prescribed voltage
across its terminals
regardless of the
current drawn from it
• IDEAL current source
– maintains the
prescribed current
through its terminals
regardless of the
voltage across those
terminals
Vs
12 V
LOAD
Z=A+jB
LOADCurrent
DC 1e-009Ohm
0.012 A
+ -
LOAD
Z=A+jB
Is
1 A
LOADVoltage
DC 1MOhm999.001 V
+
-
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4. 4
“Controlled” or “Dependent” Sources
• A voltage or current source whose value
“depends” on the value of voltage or current
elsewhere in the circuit
• Use a diamond-shaped symbol
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5. 5
Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source VCVS
• Vs is the “output”
voltage
• Vx is the “reference”
voltage
• u is the “multiplier”
• Vs = uVx
Vs
1 V/V Vs=uVxVx
+
-
+
-
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6. 6
Current-Controlled Voltage Source CCVS
• Vs is the “output”
voltage
• Ix is the “reference”
current
• p is the multiplier
• Vs = pIx
Vs
1 Ohm Vs=pIx
-
+
Ix
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7. 7
Voltage-Controlled Current Source VCCS
• Is is the “output”
current
• Vx is the “reference”
voltage
• a is the multiplier
• Is = aIx
Is
1 MhoVx
+
-
Is = aVx
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8. 8
Current-Controlled Current Source CCCS
• Is is the “output”
current
• Ix is the “reference”
current
• b is the multiplier
• Is = bIx
Is
1 A/AIx Is=bIx
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9. 9
Active and Passive Elements
• Active element
– a device capable of
generating electrical
energy
• Voltage source
• Current source
• Power source
– Batteries
– Generators
– a device that needs to
be powered (biased)
• transistor
• Passive element
– a device that absorbs
electrical energy
• Resistor
• Capacitor
• Inductor
• motor
• light bulb
• heating element
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10. THANK YOU
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