2. Motivation
BY : Mussarat
D/o Qadeer Ahmed
Assigned by:
Dr. Syed Iftikhar Jafri
Faculty of Education
University Of Sindh
3. Motivation
Definition
• The word motivation derives from the Latin
verb mover meaning ‘to move'. OR
• Internal state or condition that activates
behavior and gives it direction.
• Desire or want that energizes and directs
goal-oriented behavior.
• Influence of needs and desires on the
intensity and direction of behavior.
4. Importance of Motivation
Motivation is a primary or secondary
influence on behavior. That is, are
changes in behavior better explained by
principles of environmental/ecological
influences, perception, memory, cognitive
development, emotion, explanatory style,
or personality or are concepts unique to
motivation more pertinent.
5.
6. Sources of Motivational Needs
Biological • Elicited by stimulus associated/connected to
innately connected stimulus.
• Obtain desired, pleasant consequences
(rewards) or escape/avoid undesired,
unpleasant consequences.
social • Imitate positive models.
• Acquire effective social competence skills.
• Be a part of a dyad, group, institution, or
community.
7. Biological • Increase/decrease stimulation (arousal).
• Activate senses (taste, touch, smell, etc.
• Decrease hunger, thirst, discomfort, etc.
• Maintain homeostasis, balance.
Cognitive • Maintain attention to something interesting
or threatening.
• Develop meaning or understanding.
• Increase/decrease cognitive disequilibrium;
uncertainty.
• Solve a problem or make a decision.
• Figure something out.
• Eliminate threat or risk.
8. Affective • Increase/decrease affective dissonance.
• Increase feeling good.
• Decrease feeling bad.
• Increase security of or decrease threats
to self-esteem.
• Maintain levels of optimism and
enthusiasm.
Conative • Meet individually developed/selected goal.
• Obtain personal dream.
• Develop or maintain self-efficacy.
• Take control of one's life.
• Eliminate threats to meeting goal, obtaining
dream.
• Reduce others' control of one's life.
13. Twenty Tips on Motivating Students
• Know your student’s names and use their
names as often as possible.
• Plan for every class; never try to wing it.
• Pay attention to the strengths and
limitations of each of your students.
Reward their strengths and strengthen
their weaknesses.
14. • If possible, set your room in a U-shape to
encourage interaction among students.
• Vary your instructional strategies; use
lectures, demonstrations, discussions, case
studies, groups, and more.
• Review the learning objectives with your
students. Be sure students know what they
are expected to learn, do, know, etc.
• Move around the room as you teach.
15. • Make your classes relevant. Be sure
students see how the content relates to
them and the world around them.
• Be expressive. Smile.
• Put some excitement into your speech;
vary your pitch, volume and rate.
• Give lots of examples.
• Encourage students to share their ideas
and comments, even if they are incorrect.
You'll never know what students don't
understand unless you ask them.
16. • Maintain eye contact and move toward your
students as you interact with them. Nod your
head to show that you are listening to them.
• Provide opportunities for students to speak to
the class.
• Be available before class starts, during break,
and after class to visit with students.
• Return assignments and tests to students as
soon as reasonably possible. Provide
constructive feedback.
• Be consistent in your treatment of students.
17. • Make sure that your exams are current, valid,
and reliable. Tie your assessment to your
course objectives.
• Plan around 15-20 minute cycles. Students
have difficulty maintaining attention after a
longer period of time.
• Involve your students in your teaching. Ask
for feedback.
18. Conclusion
Motivation Christine Walters PSY/355 Jeremy
Christensen Motivation is the process in which
behavior is initiated, guided, and maintains goal-
oriented behaviors. “We may define motive
(or motivation) as a need, want, interest, or desire that
propels someone (or an organism) in a certain
direction” (Psychology, 2014). Motivation cannot be
directly observed but through behaviors we see it
manifested. It is thought of as the driving force that
compels a person to do something,
Behavior, Cognition, Human behavior.