Open Ed policy in Higher Ed
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Looks at OER, Open Access and indirect policies and their influence on higher education
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Open Ed policy in Higher Ed
- 1. Open policy in Higher Education and beyond Martin Weller IET The Open University
- 2. Outline • OER policies • Open Access policies • Indirect policies • Factors influencing policy • What role can policy play
- 3. Open policy as example
- 4. OER Policies
- 5. Institutional OpenLearn 10 years! 2m visitors annual 10% conversion 5% all courses Better than MOOCs?
- 6. Regional • http://k12oercollaborative.org/ • 11 states creating OER supporting K–12 subjects aligned with state learning standards. • Washington state can afford to update two books a year. • For same money the open approach could create open textbooks for ALL subjects for all of US. • In the US K12 textbook spend = $8 billion K12 OER project estimates = $30 million
- 7. Removing barriers Leicester City Council - blanket permission to 84 schools to create open educational resources (OER), by sharing the learning materials they create under an open licence http://www.josiefraser.com/2016/03/oer- resources/
- 8. BCCampus • BC Ministry of Advanced Education funded – create openly-licensed textbooks in the highest- enrolled academic subject areas. • Open textbooks licensed using a Creative Commons license • e-book formats free of charge, or print on demand books available at cost. • Student savings $1,431,100 – $1,801,806 • 14,311 students using open textbooks • 143 textbooks
- 9. Evidence • As good if not better performance • Increased retention • Savings for students • Pedagogical change
- 10. “We already have lots of money in education. We’re just really bad at spending it” Cable Green
- 11. National • TAACCCT • US Department of Labor grant fund of $2 billion to expand and improve education programs for employment. • All content produced released under CC license
- 12. But… Little evidence that OER projects led to policy
- 13. Open Access
- 14. Steady growth of all types of mandate https://roarmap.eprints.org/
- 15. But… • Costs • Double dipping
- 16. New models • OLH • Ubiquity • Knowledge Unlatched
- 17. Open data • Open Data Initiative – theodi.org/ • Government data data.gov.uk/ • RCUK - http://www.rcuk.ac.u k/Publications/policy/ OpenData/ • Mandates following open access
- 18. Indirect policies • www.changingpedagogicallandscapes.eu/ • IT policies • Reward, tenure, promotion • REF • Fees • University tables
- 19. The internet weather • Icanhazpdf • Sci-Hub • Social media • Open Access Citation advantage • Online identity
- 20. What’s wrong with this tweet?
- 21. The Open Flip Costs move from purchasing copyrighted content to producing openly licensed content
- 22. What does it require for a policy to be successful? • Champions • Evidence • Money! • Lobbyists • A specific problem
- 23. Where can policy be useful? • Creating sustainable OER • An OER critical mass • Establishing new OA models • Recognising OA/OER impact • Encouraging innovation
Editor's Notes
- Will look at three areas of policy relating to open education: open educational resources, open access, and what I’ve termed indirect, ie those policies that can affect open education but are nt explicily about open education Will look at some factors affecting policy and end with discussion on why policy is significant
- But can apply to other areas as well eg digital innovation, so even if openness is not your focus, can see how it might be relevant An area where different movements and approaches have coalesced over recent years, therefore useful to look at
- Starting with OER policies will look at 3 levels: institutional, regional and national
- Started with funding from Hewlett, which enabled the project to get off the ground, but now self-sustaining Celebrate our 10th anniversary this year. Made business case that it is effective form of marketing and outreach and can therefore be justified within normal expenditure
- In US started in Washington State by Cable Green of Creative Commons. Highlights wasteful manner in which money is currently spent Put tender out for $1million to create a textbook in a subject. Book is then openly licensed, so free to download and cheap to print. Most big publishers not interested but smaller ones are - $1m is still worth having for them.
- Worked with schools in council area to raise awareness of open licences and make CC by the default licence for sharing content. About removing default barriers to sharing
- BC targeted key HE subjects eg Stats and developed books. Paid authors, used book sprints, adapted existing works, Saving is for students and tecahers can adapt
- Tidewater College OER Community College BC Campus
- In US, after much lobbying and persuasion got the outputs of a significant $2b grant to be made OER. Why not? They’re spending the money, simply make it a requirement
- OER project in an institution on its own is rarely enough to lead to a policy – bottom up drive is not sufficient
- Open access – the free access to scholarly works
- ROARMap Finch report in the UK Resarch councils mandate
- Seems like a big success but evidence that publishers are making more money now out of OA. Maybe that isn’t our concern Double dipping – charhing for subscription and OA
- What Finch report missed was opportunity to promote new models. Open Library Humanities – libraries pay a fee to support non-profit, OA journals Ubiquity Press – open acecss publishers, charges £300 per article. I run JIME and we cover these costs. An affordable and manageable model for societies and unis Knowledge Unlatched – making textbooks open access by getting libraries to pay to free up certain texts Shows that money can be diverted more successfully
- Open Data Initiative has a roadmap to make all forms of data open Government signed G8 agreement on opening up data and has good guidelines on what and how data is made open RCUK – open data mandates Need to understand this better as data is potentially more significant and more problematic than open access
- There are a lot of policies that influence the direction of open education without explicitly mentioning it Changing Pedagogic landscape project – looked at impact of quality, funding and technology on innovation. For example how students are funded and how that is measured can have significant impact on te risks unis will take IT policies – increasingly about control and locking down systems, when open education, open pedagogy is about exploring and operaring in the open. It is no good having all these wonderful plans to teahc in the open using OER if you are immediately told ‘you have to use the VLE and we won’t open that up’ Reward and promotion is a big issue – if you are promoted for publishing in the right journals you may not try OA. Despair at how quickly we surrender our rights here. Similalry won’t try innovation in teaching if job is based on student satisfaction scores REF says it doesn’t look at journal impact factor, and for new REF all articles must be in a repository or OA, so has started pushing OA now Fees – makes students more conservative and unis more risk averse. Tables and TEF – student completion is factor therefore don’t take on studnets who are at risk of not completing, so the opening up of education is unlikely
- There are external factors pushing all of this regardless of policy For example the icanhazpdf hashtag where people will request an article using that hashtag Sci-Hub a repository of 1000s of scholarly articles that have been liberated/pirated – this is like thunder at a picnic for publishers. Social media drives openness since there is no point linking to something that people can’t see Citation advantage Online identity is increasingly important for academics and this is constituted from the reputation you gain in online spaces – blogs, social media, wbinars, etc. All this has to be in the open
- I think we’re just at the beginning of this, and it will be hugely significant for education
- People who say “I’m like you and this stuff really worked” Research evidence of impact It takes money – we are often competing with vested interests who have multi million pound marketing budgets Lobbyists – good in the US with this, Targeting a specific problem and addressing with open education solution – eg retention, I estimate could save £165M per year with 10% increase in retention. Evdience that learner are using OER.