3. PRINCIPLES AND LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
Data management and modeling are key aspects
of organizing data and information
Define general data management concepts and
terms, highlighting the advantages of the database
approach to data management
Describe the relational database model and outline
its basic features
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Systems, Eighth Edition
4. PRINCIPLES AND LEARNING
OBJECTIVES (CONTINUED)
A well-designed and well-managed database is
an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision
making
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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth
Identifythe common functions performed by all
database management systems and identify popular
user database management systems
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5. PRINCIPLES AND LEARNING
OBJECTIVES (CONTINUED)
The number and types of database applications
will continue to evolve and yield real business
benefits
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Identify and briefly discuss current database
applications
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6. WHY LEARN ABOUT DATABASE
SYSTEMS?
Database systems process and organize large
amounts of data
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Examples:
Marketing manager can access customer data
Corporate lawyer can access past cases and opinions
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7. INTRODUCTION
Database: an organized collection of data
Database management system (DBMS):
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group of programs to manage database
Manipulates database
Provides an interface between database and the user
of the database and other application programs
Database administrator (DBA): skilled IS
professional who directs all activities related to
an organization’s database
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8. DATA MANAGEMENT
Without data and the ability to process it, an
organization could not successfully complete
most business activities
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Data consists of raw facts
To transform data into useful information, it
must first be organized in a meaningful way
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9. THE HIERARCHY OF DATA
Bit (a binary digit): represents a circuit that is
either on or off
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Byte: typically made up of eight bits
Character: a byte represents a character; the
basic building block of information
Can be an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, numeric
digit, or special symbol
Field: typically a name, number, or combination
of characters that describes an aspect of a
business object or activity
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10. THE HIERARCHY OF DATA
(CONTINUED)
Record: collection of related data fields
File: collection of related records
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Database: collection of integrated and related
files
Hierarchy of data
Bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases
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11. THE HIERARCHY OF DATA (CONTINUED)
Figure 5.1: The Hierarchy of Data
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12. DATA ENTITIES, ATTRIBUTES, AND
KEYS
Entity: generalized class of people, places, or
things (objects) for which data is collected,
stored, and maintained
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Attribute: characteristic of an entity
Data item: specific value of an attribute
Key: field or set of fields in a record that is used
to identify the record
Primary key: field or set of fields that uniquely
identifies the record
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13. DATA ENTITIES, ATTRIBUTES, AND KEYS
(CONTINUED)
Figure 5.2: Keys and Attributes
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14. THE DATABASE APPROACH
Traditional approach to data management:
separate data files are created and stored for each
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application program
Database approach to data management: a pool
of related data is shared by multiple application
programs
Offerssignificant advantages over the traditional file-
based approach
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15. THE DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)
Figure 5.3: The Database Approach to Data Management
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16. THE DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)
Table 5.1: Advantages of the Database Approach
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17. THE DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)
Table 5.1: Advantages of the Database Approach (continued)
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18. THE DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)
Table 5.2: Disadvantages of the Database Approach
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