Site analysis at Jalahalli cross, Bangalore for the design of a Transit Hub Architectural Design Acharya's NRV School of Architecture

1. TRANSIT HUB
Site Analysis
Naina Deshmukh
Class of 2010
Acharya’s NRV School of Architecture

2. CONTENTS
Sl.
No.
Title Page no.
1 Morphology 1
2 Zoning 5
3 Location 7
4 The Proposed site 8
5 Site features 9
6 Accessibility 10
7 Surrounding 12
8 Administration 13
9 Vehicular traffic 14
10 Traffic density 16
11 Noise analysis 16
12 Climate 17
13 Summary of climatic data 17
14 Wind data 18
15 Sun path 19
16 Analysis of climatic data 19
17
Topography, Vegetation and
drainage
20
18 Summary 21
19 References 22

3. The name "Bangalore" represents an anglicised version of the Kannada
language name, "Bengaḷūru“. The earliest reference to the name "Bengaluru" was
found in a 9th century Western Ganga Dynasty stone inscription on a "vīra gallu" (a
rock edict extolling the virtues of a warrior). In this inscription found in Begur,
"Bengaluru" is referred to as a place in which a battle was fought in 890 CE. It states
that the place was part of the Ganga Kingdom until 1004 and was known as
"Bengaval-uru", the "City of Guards“ in Halegannada (Old Kannada).
1791
 This map was prepared on 22nd March, 1791 by Lord
Cornwallis.
 Comprised of today’s Avenue Road, Chickpet and
surrounding areas.
 The town was enclosed by thick hedges or bushes, and
a strong fort adjoining it at the south part.
 The Peta was the actual city within walls.
 It is now called the old city area.
 Tipu Sultan was then the ruler.
 Lord Cornwallis attacked and successfully captured
Bangalore and its fort.
 The British made Srirangapatna their military base,
after the whole of Mysore came under their control.
 Since Bangalore had a better climate, they moved the
military base to Bangalore in 1809.
1876
 The City’s governance changed hands between its
founding in 1537 and 1831, when the British took
over the city’s administration.
 In 1809, the Cantonment was established by the
British which resulted in building administration and
residential areas for British Military.
 1881, saw roads named after military conventions
- Infantry road, Brigade road and Artillery road.
 In 1893, the plague broke out, and a ‘Plague Camp’
was created in the south of Richmond Town.
 Around 1900s, the present day Malleshwaram and
Basavangudi also formed.
MORPHOLOGY

4. 1889
 In 1889 a Committee was constituted for the development of City ‘extensions’ to meet
the demands of a growing population. During the first quarter of the 20thcentury a
number of newly planned development 'extensions' were developed with regular roads,
open spaces and provisions for civic amenities (e.g. Fraser Town, Richmond Town,
Sankarapuram and Viveswarapuram).
1924
• The Dharmambudi tank is now Majestic Bus
stand, the Sampangi Tank is now Kanteerva
Stadium and Challaghatta lake is now the
Golf Course.
• Domlur and Kormangala were not a part of
the city, but were tiny villages.
1945
 However, there was no comprehensive
approach for guiding the growth of the City
in an integrated manner. As a result irregular
developments occurred in between these
extension areas. To deal with this situation, the City Improvement Trust was constituted
in 1945 under special statute (Bangalore City Improvement Trust Board Act, 1945).
1949
 In 1949 the two cities were merged and the establishment of a number of key industries
stimulated growth that resulted in an unprecedented 5.10 lakhs to 9.91 lakhs population
increase during the 1941-51 inter-censal period. In an attempt to cope with this rapid
growth, a Committee was set up by the Government of Karnataka in 1952 to draw up a
Development Plan, including broad land use proposals. But, in the main, the proposals
were not implemented as there was no legal backing to enforce the Plan.
To address this Government constituted the Bangalore Metropolitan Planning Board
to prepare a Master Plan for the metropolitan region with the assistance of the State Town
Planning Department. The result was the Outline Development Plan (ODP) for the Bangalore
Metropolitan Region. This Plan was adopted by the Planning Authority constituted under the
Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act , 1961 and was finally approved by the
Government in 1972.
This Plan represented the first step towards a Development Plan for Bangalore. It
was prepared for a period of 15 years (1961-76) and covered an area of 500 sq. kilometre s. of
which 220 sq. kilometres, was proposed for 'compact development' and designated as the
Conurbation Area. The remaining 280 sq. kilometres outside the Conurbation Area, was
earmarked as a green belt. The ODP remained in force until 1984. Well beyond its plan
period. By this time it outlived its utility and the City had grown beyond the Conurbation Area
and encroached the green belt. The delay in preparing a Comprehensive Development Plan to
timely supersede the OOP resulted n large scale unauthorised development.
MORPHOLOGY

5. BDA
 To counter multiplicity of authority Government constituted the Bangalore Development
Authority (BDA), in 1976 under the statute of The Bangalore Development Authority Act,
1976 to amalgamate the duties of the Bangalore City Planning Authority and the City
Improvement Trust Board and thereby combining the functions relating to plan
preparation, enforcement and implementation under one agency.
 Thus, the BDA became not only the Planning Authority for the Bangalore Metropolitan
Area but also a development agency.
 An early task of the BDA was to prepare the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP),
to supplant the outdated GOP. But, it took nearly eight years to prepare this Plan and
have it approved by the State Government.
 The CDP had a planning time horizon of 15 years (1986-2001) and a target population
of 7.0 million. The designated planning area was extended from 500 sq. Kilometres to
1,279 sq. kilometres.
BMRDA
 In an attempt to deal with these new but burgeoning urban problems, the Government in
1985 constituted the Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority (BMRDA)
by an Act of Legislature.
BBMP
 BBMP was formed in 2007, by amalgamating the erstwhile Bangalore Mahanagara
Palike (BMP), surrounding eight smaller urban local bodies and 110 villages.
 BBMP now spans over an area of 800 sq km.
2013
 In 2013, it is not surprising to see significant changes in the configuration of the city.
The changes have been driven by the social and economic forces at work in Bangalore.
 The growth of Bangalore as a city for employment has brought large scale migration
and with it changes in land use patterns.
 An obvious change in the city’s land use is the elimination of nearly all water bodies.
Dharmambudi tank is the present day’s Kempegowda (Majestic) bus stand where as
Sampangi tank is the Kanteerava stadium.
 Numerous lakes have been drained or left to die for use as residential or industrial
areas. Agricultural land has been converted into apartment and shopping complexes.
MORPHOLOGY

6. Area of Bangalore
Source of water
High ground:
 The waters coming off the two sides of Bangalore ridge
flow initially through a series of tanks.
 They eventually reach the Bay of Bengal.
 In the late 1800s, this divide was overcome at a
place called High Ground.
MORPHOLOGY
YEAR AREA (SQ. KM.)
1949 69
1963-64 112
1969 134
1979 161
1995 226
2006 696
2013 741

7. Bangalore city has developed spatially in a concentric manner:
 The first zone
 comprises the erstwhile city corporation area of 226 sq. km.
 The second zone
 includes the areas of the former 8 neighboring municipal councils and 111 villages,
which together form the peri-urban areas and are now incorporated into the Greater
Bangalore City Corporation.
 The third zone
 includes other villages extending up to the Bangalore Metropolitan Area limits as
proposed by BDA.
ZONING

8. There are five major zones that are observed in the present land usage
pattern:
Zone 1
The core area consists of traditional business areas, administrative centre and the
central Business district.
Zone 2
The peri-central area, has old residential areas planned around the core area.
Zone 3
The Recent extensions of the city (past 3–5 years) flanking both sides of the outer ring
road.
Zone 4
The new layouts, in the periphery of the city, with small vacant lands & agricultural
lands.
Zone 5
The Green belt and agricultural area, in the city’s outskirts including small villages.
ZONING

9.  13.66° N, 77.56° E
 On Bangalore – Tumkur highway
 Bangalore, Karnataka – 560 058
LOCATION

10.  Area of site 1 = 42367 sq. m
 Area of site 2 = 32906 sq. m
 Total area = 71,414.4 sq. m or 17.51 acres
 Space standards for various buildings/uses:
 Parking requirements for various uses:
THE PROPOSED SITE
Min. road width in m Min. size of plot in sq. m
Game centers, multiplex 18 2000
Office buildings ( C3 and above) 12 300
One car parking of 2.5m x 5.5m each for
every
Retail Business ( shops, Shopping
complexes, Malls, etc)
50 sq. m of floor area
Office buildings (Govt/Semi-Govt.&
Pvt)
50 sq. m of floor area

11.  Floor – Area Ratio:
Areas which fall within 150m radius from the metro terminals shall be eligible
for a maximum FAR of 4 for all permissible uses, irrespective of the FAR applicable
for the respective uses in the respective tables.
SITE FEATURES

12.  NH 4 passes through the site.
 Can be accessed by
 BMTC buses
 KSRTC buses
 Bangalore metro
 Private buses, cabs, auto rickshaws
 Private vehicles
 No dedicated lanes for bicycles, buses.
NH 4
 Main roads
 four lanes
 Service roads
 on either sides of the highway
 two lanes
 Express way
 elevated
 double lane
 from Goreguntepalya to Nelamangala
 Bangalore metro station
 on the western side of the highway at Jalahalli cross
Jalahalli cross
 Junction disperses traffic towards
 Tumkur, Peenya, Jalahalli, Yeshwantpur
 Traffic density
 heavy
 Pedestrian facilities
 no skywalks, subways
 zebra crossing at the junction
 Delay in traffic flow
 heavy traffic density and haphazard movement of pedestrians
 Major users
 BMTC buses, inter state buses, heavy transport vehicles
ACCESSIBILITY

13.  From various transport terminals in the city: (map 1)
ACCESSIBILITY
Destination Distance in km
Travel Time in
minutes
A Jalahalli cross - -
B Bangalore city railway station 11.2 28
C Kempegowda bus station 11.3 30
D MG road 14.8 40
E Shivajinagar bus depot 13.2 35
F Cantonment railway station 11.9 30
G Bangalore international airport 34.8 50

14. Peenya
 established in late 1970s
 industrial area
 houses small, medium, and large scale industries.
 known for engineering, electrical goods
 Wipro Technologies, Kirloskar Group, ABB, Bharat Fritz Werner have their factories at
Peenya.
Yeshwantpur
 industrial-cum-residential area
 TTMC, BMTC depot 8, 26
 APMC yard, biggest wholesale market of agricultural produce in the region
 Columbia Asia hospital
 Metro cash and carry, Orion mall, Taj Vivanta
Jalahalli
 green belt of coconut grove and eucalyptus plantations
 surrounded by large government organizations which started just after independence
 BEL institutes, Cluny Convent School, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Jalahalli Public School,
Mother Teresa Public School, St. Claret School & College, Air Force Technical College,
Sree Ayyappa Education Centre
 Rockline Mall
 major industrial areas like Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Hindustan Machine
Tools(HMT), CMTI and other PSUs
T Dasarahalli
 former City Municipal Council
 now it is officially merged to BBMP
SURROUNDING

15. BBMP
 ward no. 16
 population – 29,467
Electricity regulated through
 Bangalore Electricity Supply Company (BESCOM)
Water supply and sanitation facilities
 Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB)
Waste management
 solid waste sent to composting units such as the Karnataka Composting Development
Corporation
 remaining solid waste dumped in open spaces outside the city
ADMINISTRATION

16. VEHICULAR TRAFFIC
 Weekday 8.30 am
 Weekday 12.30 pm

17. VEHICULAR TRAFFIC
 Weekday 5.30 pm
 Traffice movement is slow in the lane from Nelamangala towards Yeshwantpur.

18. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Recordhigh
°C(°F)
32.1
(89.8)
34.5
(94.1)
37.0
(98.6)
38.9
(102)
37.8
(100)
36.4
(97.5)
28.1
(82.6)
27.4
(81.3)
28.2
(82.8)
28.0
(82.4)
27.0
(80.6)
26.2
(79.2)
38.9
(102)
Average
high°C(°F)
27.6
(81.7)
30.2
(86.4)
32.9
(91.2)
34.1
(93.4)
33.3
(91.9)
29.4
(84.9)
28.1
(82.6)
27.5
(81.5)
28.3
(82.9)
28.0
(82.4)
27.0
(80.6)
26.2
(79.2)
29.38
(84.89)
Dailymean
°C(°F)
21.3
(70.3)
23.6
(74.5)
26.1
(79)
28.0
(82.4)
27.4
(81.3)
24.6
(76.3)
23.9
(75)
23.5
(74.3)
23.9
(75)
23.7
(74.7)
22.2
(72)
21.1
(70)
24.11
(75.4)
Average
low°C(°F)
15.3
(59.5)
17.2
(63)
19.6
(67.3)
21.8
(71.2)
21.5
(70.7)
20.0
(68)
19.8
(67.6)
19.6
(67.3)
19.7
(67.5)
19.4
(66.9)
17.7
(63.9)
16.0
(60.8)
18.97
(66.14)
Recordlow
°C(°F)
10.6
(51.1)
11.4
(52.5)
13.9
(57)
16.8
(62.2)
17.2
(63)
17.4
(63.3)
17.0
(62.6)
17.5
(63.5)
16.8
(62.2)
13.0
(55.4)
11.3
(52.3)
10.6
(51.1)
10.6
(51.1)
Rainfallmm
(inches)
1.8
(0.07)
7.9
(0.31)
7.0
(0.27)
40.0
(1.57)
110.2
(4.33)
89.1
(3.50)
108.9
(4.28)
142.5
(5.61)
241.0
(9.48)
154.5
(6.08)
54.1
(2.13)
17.5
(0.68)
974.5
(38.36)
Avg.rainy
days
0.2 0.5 0.8 3.0 6.9 6.0 7.4 10.0 10.3 7.9 3.9 1.6 58.5
%
humidity
60 52 45 51 60 72 76 79 76 73 70 68 65.2
Meanmonthly
sunshinehours
263.5 248.6 272.8 258.0 241.8 138.0 111.6 114.7 144.0 173.6 189.0 211.8 2,367.4
 Due to its elevation, Bangalore enjoys a pleasant climate throughout the year, with
temperatures ranging between 33°C and 16°C, with an average of 24°C.
 The summer heat is moderated by occasional thunderstorms and squalls.
 Bangalore receives adequate rainfall of about 860mm from the Northeast Monsoon as
well as the Southwest Monsoon.
 The wettest months are August, September and October.
 Summary of climatic data:
CLIMATE

19. • The picture shows wind roses for Bangalore for the respective months of a year.
WIND DATA
N – total no. of observations
C – no. of calms as percentage
of the total

20. • The picture shows the sun path at the proposed site.
• The sun paths are different due to factors such as:
 Location – local latitude
 Rising and setting position – based on the time of the year
 Duration of the day and night
Analysis
 90% of wind direction is from the northwest direction
 Fenestration:
 Should be minimal on the southeastern side to block the harsh sun.
 Should be sufficiently placed on the northwestern side to allow the winds
inside the building and on the northern side to benefit from the glare free
natural lighting.
 Water bodies, if any, should be placed in the direction of the wind, which
adds humidity to the dry atmosphere.
SUN PATH

21. Topography:
 An average elevation of 920m above mean sea level.
 The topography of the site is flat with negligible contours.
 Seismic activity
 Classified as a part of the seismic zone II (a stable zone)
Drainage:
 Dasarahalli tank is located to the west of the site.
 There are no other major water bodies in and around the site.
 Drainage pattern
 The drainage of water is towards the south west direction of the site
Vegetation:
 Primarily in the form of large deciduous canopy and minority coconut trees.
TOPOGRAPHY, VEGETATION AND DRAINAGE

22.  Greater Bangalore (77°37’19.54’’ E and 12°59’09.76’’ N) is the principal administrative,
cultural, commercial, industrial, and knowledge capital of the state of Karnataka with
an area of 741 sq. km.
 Morphology:
 Bangalore has grown spatially more than ten times since 1949 (69 square
kilometers) and is a part of both the Bangalore urban and rural districts.
 Now, Bangalore is the fifth largest metropolis in India currently with a population
of about 7 million.
 Climate:
 The mean annual total rainfall is about 880 mm with about 60 rainy days a year
over the last ten years.
 The summer temperature ranges from 18° C – 38° C, while the winter
temperature ranges from 12° C – 25° C.
 Bangalore is located at an altitude of 920 metres above mean sea level.
 Thus, Bangalore enjoys a salubrious climate all round the year.
 Topography and Drainage:
 There are four delineating watersheds, viz. Hebbal, Koramangala, Challaghatta
and Vrishabhavathi watersheds
 The undulating terrain in the region has facilitated creation of a large number of
tanks providing for the traditional uses of irrigation, drinking, fishing and washing.
 This led to Bangalore having hundreds of such water bodies through the
centuries.
 Even in early second half of 20th century, in 1961, the number of lakes and tanks
in the city stood at 262 (and spatial extent of Bangalore was 112 sq km).
However, number of lakes and tanks in 1985 was 81 (and spatial extent of
Bangalore was 161 sq km).
SUMMARY

23.  India Meteorological Department
 Centre for Policy Research, India
 Centre for Ecological Sciences, IISc, Bangalore
 Census of India
 Google maps
 eksparsh.wordpress.com
REFERENCES